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題名 基於語料庫之跨語言隱喻信號研究
A Corpus-Based Cross-Linguistic Study of Metaphor Signaling
作者 鍾曉芳;江玥慧;劉慧雯
貢獻者 英文系
關鍵詞 隱喻信號; 標記程度; 隱喻程度; 空殼名詞; 新聞; 社群媒體; 廣告
metaphor signaling; markedness; metaphoricity; shell noun; news; social media; advertisement
日期 2022-04
上傳時間 7-Jul-2026 13:46:01 (UTC+8)
摘要 隱喻概念理論中，隱喻多被視為常規的語言使用，屬非標記語言，這類觀點不利於具有創意或非常規的隱喻研究。本計畫旨在觀察隱喻的語言信號，並檢視這些信號的隱喻程度。隱喻信號（metaphor signaling）首先由Fraser (1979)提出，相關研究（Goatly, 1997; Pragglejaz Group, 2007）所列舉及運用之隱喻信號尚有待實際語料檢視。本計畫第一年目標，即藉由語料庫分析找出中英文的隱喻信號標示（signaler），預期將能處理概念隱喻理論未能詳盡之分析；而本研究亦將制定分級描述，以觀察隱喻信號在隱喻程度上的趨向。本計畫第二年則探討「空殼名詞」－即意義相對空泛的名詞，本研究認為這類名詞很可能成為隱喻信號或隱喻本身。以往相關研究鮮少關注其在文本中的隱喻使用，本研究將觀察特定語場中隱喻的使用，是否較趨近於字面義或隱喻義，及其標記程度。本計畫亦將檢視中文新聞、社群媒體或廣告中的隱喻信號。以新聞為例，社群媒體的盛行使得愈來愈多受眾透過粉絲專頁或轉貼—而非報紙或新聞官方網站—閱讀新聞。本研究將比較粉絲專頁或轉貼的新聞內容以及新聞原文中，隱喻信號之異同。本研究試圖回答下列問題：(a) 在中、英文裡，何類信號可視為隱喻信號？(b) 不同的隱喻信號如何形成不同的標記程度，且其特徵為何？(c) 不同標記程度如何對應不同的隱喻類別及隱喻程度？(d) 不同體裁中，不同標記程度的隱喻篇章功能為何？本計畫為跨語言、跨領域的研究，涵蓋語料庫語言學、新聞學、電腦科學、計算語言學，及批判隱喻分析等領域的專家，期望本研究成果對上述領域有所貢獻，並供日後相關研究參考與發想。
The view that metaphors are part of the conventional language treats metaphors as unmarked language. The treatment of metaphors as domain information and as part of one's unconscious conventional language creates difficulties for analyzing creative or non-conventional use of metaphors. This proposal aims to look at how metaphors could be signaled by linguistic cues and how these signalers relate to metaphoricity. This phenomenon is called 'metaphor signaling', a term probably first used by Fraser (1979) and later developed by Goatly (1997) who provided a long list of 'signals'. Pragglejaz Group (2007) later adopted some of Goatly's categories in the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP). These lists, and other resources that mentioned these signalers, contain information that need to be re-evaluated using corpus data. Our project aims to provide a corpus evaluation of the both Chinese and English metaphor signalers. The results will be of great importance to metaphor theories and for application of automatic identification. By including signalers in metaphors, we are able to deal with metaphors that could not be dealt with in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Using gradable descriptors we intend to create, we could see metaphoricity as a continuum between being literal and metaphorical. These show the aims of Year One. In Year Two, we propose that 'signaling nouns' and 'shell nouns', which are general or empty in meaning, are possible signalers of metaphors, or be metaphors themselves. Previous work on shell nouns in academic writing often focused on how and what these shell nouns refer to in the prior contexts. Not many analyzed their metaphorical use in the texts, for both Chinese and English. From here, we can then tell if more literal, or more marked metaphors are preferred in a certain field, and what levels of markedness each shows. Our proposal intends to look at metaphor signaling in Chinese news, social media discourse, and advertisements. For news, we look at both forwarded news in the news fans' clubs, and the main news being forwarded. The reading habit of our generation has changed greatly. More people are exposed to news not directly reported on the newspapers or news websites. Rather, they receive news forwarded by the fans' club or by someone else. It is, therefore, important to look at these forwarded news and the news read on social media. (a) What kinds of linguistic cues could be used as 'signalers' to identify metaphors in Chinese and English?(b) To what extent these different 'signalers' form different levels of markedness, and what are the characteristics of these levels of markedness?(c) How do the different markedness levels of metaphor correspond to the types of metaphors and their degree of metaphorical meanings (metaphoricity)?(d) What are the discourse functions of metaphors of different markedness levels in different genres?These questions will be answered by our team consisting of experts in corpus linguistics, journalism, computer science, computational linguistics, and critical metaphor analysis. It will be a cross-linguistic, cross-disciplinary project.
關聯 科技部, MOST109-2410-H004-163, 109.08-110.07
資料類型 report
dc.contributor 英文系
dc.creator (作者) 鍾曉芳;江玥慧;劉慧雯
dc.date (日期) 2022-04
dc.date.accessioned 7-Jul-2026 13:46:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 7-Jul-2026 13:46:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 7-Jul-2026 13:46:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=183226-
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隱喻概念理論中，隱喻多被視為常規的語言使用，屬非標記語言，這類觀點不利於具有創意或非常規的隱喻研究。本計畫旨在觀察隱喻的語言信號，並檢視這些信號的隱喻程度。隱喻信號（metaphor signaling）首先由Fraser (1979)提出，相關研究（Goatly, 1997; Pragglejaz Group, 2007）所列舉及運用之隱喻信號尚有待實際語料檢視。本計畫第一年目標，即藉由語料庫分析找出中英文的隱喻信號標示（signaler），預期將能處理概念隱喻理論未能詳盡之分析；而本研究亦將制定分級描述，以觀察隱喻信號在隱喻程度上的趨向。本計畫第二年則探討「空殼名詞」－即意義相對空泛的名詞，本研究認為這類名詞很可能成為隱喻信號或隱喻本身。以往相關研究鮮少關注其在文本中的隱喻使用，本研究將觀察特定語場中隱喻的使用，是否較趨近於字面義或隱喻義，及其標記程度。本計畫亦將檢視中文新聞、社群媒體或廣告中的隱喻信號。以新聞為例，社群媒體的盛行使得愈來愈多受眾透過粉絲專頁或轉貼—而非報紙或新聞官方網站—閱讀新聞。本研究將比較粉絲專頁或轉貼的新聞內容以及新聞原文中，隱喻信號之異同。本研究試圖回答下列問題：(a) 在中、英文裡，何類信號可視為隱喻信號？(b) 不同的隱喻信號如何形成不同的標記程度，且其特徵為何？(c) 不同標記程度如何對應不同的隱喻類別及隱喻程度？(d) 不同體裁中，不同標記程度的隱喻篇章功能為何？本計畫為跨語言、跨領域的研究，涵蓋語料庫語言學、新聞學、電腦科學、計算語言學，及批判隱喻分析等領域的專家，期望本研究成果對上述領域有所貢獻，並供日後相關研究參考與發想。
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The view that metaphors are part of the conventional language treats metaphors as unmarked language. The treatment of metaphors as domain information and as part of one's unconscious conventional language creates difficulties for analyzing creative or non-conventional use of metaphors. This proposal aims to look at how metaphors could be signaled by linguistic cues and how these signalers relate to metaphoricity. This phenomenon is called 'metaphor signaling', a term probably first used by Fraser (1979) and later developed by Goatly (1997) who provided a long list of 'signals'. Pragglejaz Group (2007) later adopted some of Goatly's categories in the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP). These lists, and other resources that mentioned these signalers, contain information that need to be re-evaluated using corpus data. Our project aims to provide a corpus evaluation of the both Chinese and English metaphor signalers. The results will be of great importance to metaphor theories and for application of automatic identification. By including signalers in metaphors, we are able to deal with metaphors that could not be dealt with in the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Using gradable descriptors we intend to create, we could see metaphoricity as a continuum between being literal and metaphorical. These show the aims of Year One. In Year Two, we propose that 'signaling nouns' and 'shell nouns', which are general or empty in meaning, are possible signalers of metaphors, or be metaphors themselves. Previous work on shell nouns in academic writing often focused on how and what these shell nouns refer to in the prior contexts. Not many analyzed their metaphorical use in the texts, for both Chinese and English. From here, we can then tell if more literal, or more marked metaphors are preferred in a certain field, and what levels of markedness each shows. Our proposal intends to look at metaphor signaling in Chinese news, social media discourse, and advertisements. For news, we look at both forwarded news in the news fans' clubs, and the main news being forwarded. The reading habit of our generation has changed greatly. More people are exposed to news not directly reported on the newspapers or news websites. Rather, they receive news forwarded by the fans' club or by someone else. It is, therefore, important to look at these forwarded news and the news read on social media. (a) What kinds of linguistic cues could be used as 'signalers' to identify metaphors in Chinese and English?(b) To what extent these different 'signalers' form different levels of markedness, and what are the characteristics of these levels of markedness?(c) How do the different markedness levels of metaphor correspond to the types of metaphors and their degree of metaphorical meanings (metaphoricity)?(d) What are the discourse functions of metaphors of different markedness levels in different genres?These questions will be answered by our team consisting of experts in corpus linguistics, journalism, computer science, computational linguistics, and critical metaphor analysis. It will be a cross-linguistic, cross-disciplinary project.
dc.format.extent 116 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype text/html-
dc.relation (關聯) 科技部, MOST109-2410-H004-163, 109.08-110.07
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱喻信號; 標記程度; 隱喻程度; 空殼名詞; 新聞; 社群媒體; 廣告
dc.subject (關鍵詞) metaphor signaling; markedness; metaphoricity; shell noun; news; social media; advertisement
dc.title (題名) 基於語料庫之跨語言隱喻信號研究
dc.title (題名) A Corpus-Based Cross-Linguistic Study of Metaphor Signaling
dc.type (資料類型) report