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題名 影響高科技研發人員過度工作因素及工作類型之探討
作者 郭若蘭
Daphne J. L. Kuo
貢獻者 許文耀
Hsu, Wen-yau
郭若蘭
Daphne J. L. Kuo
關鍵詞 高科技研發人員
過度工作
過度工作因素
過度工作類型
工作狂熱
High-tech R&D professionals
Excessive work
Overwork
Overworker
Workaholism
日期 2002
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:00:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在以Spence和Robbins（1992）工作狂熱建構中的內在驅迫因素和工作樂趣因素為基礎，並加入外在驅迫因素，來探討高科技研發人員過度工作的不同因素對於工作時數以及健康生活工作等層面變項的預測力或關聯性，最後由因素劃分出過度工作者類型，並比較不同類型過度工作者的差異性。本研究採問卷調查法，以249位台灣北部地區的高科技研發人員為樣本以及52位高科技行政人員為工作時數的對照組。研究結果發現：（1）研發人員與全國製造業工作者及高科技行政人員相較下，有顯著的過度工作現象。（2）外在驅迫因素意指源自專業工作環境而迫使個體長時數工作的各影響因素。針對研發人員，包括工作負荷過重、產業特性、組織文化酬賞等外在驅迫因素，以及內在驅迫因素，皆對過度工作具有顯著的預測力。而外在驅迫因素對研發人員過度工作的相對預測力高於內在因素。（3）對於健康生活工作三層面的影響性而言，內在因素中的內在驅迫有廣泛不利於三層面的顯著影響性而屬於健康生活工作的危險因子，內在因素中的工作樂趣則相對地於三層面皆有顯著助益而在三層面居於保護因子的角色；外在驅迫因素中的工作負荷過重，對於生活層面有顯著的不良影響，但對健康和工作沒有顯著影響。（4）辨識出三類型的過度工作研發人員，其中內在驅迫高工作樂趣低的「被驅迫狂」在各層面皆有最不利的行為表現，屬於積極的健康定義下的高危險群，內在驅迫高工作樂趣高的「幹勁狂」則較「被驅迫狂」有顯著較高的生活滿足，內在驅迫普通而工作樂趣高的「幹勁者」雖然長時數工作，但各層面狀況反而有優於全體研發人員平均值的傾向。最後，本研究針對上述研究結果做更深層的探討，並說明在個人層次和組織層次實務上的意涵。
Two internal factors, “driveness” and “enjoyment of work” from the workaholism model of Spence and Robbins (1992), and “external force” factors were adopted to investigate the phenomenon of excessive work (defined as long hours of working) in the population of high-tech R&D professionals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of these factors on high-tech R&D professionals’ working habits, as well as on their health and life styles. These factors were used to categorize high-tech R&D professionals further. The results showed (1) R&D professionals worked significantly longer hours than high-tech administrative staff and workers in manufacturing industry. (2) “Work overload”, one external force factor, compared to other factors, predicted best to R&D professionals’ hours of working. Moreover, the amount of variance explained by the external force factors was relatively larger than the internal factors. (3) Driveness was constantly found to be a risk factor for one’s holistic health, whereas the enjoyment of work was found to be a protective factor. The third factor, work overload, influenced one’s health only on one’s social life. (4) Three types of overworkers were identified: the nonenthusiastic workaholics (NWs), the enthusiastic workaholics (EWs), and the enthusiasts (Es). Among these overworkers, the NWs acted most consistently with the indicators of unhealthiness, showing that the NWs may be most vulnerable to health complaints, unsatisfied social life, and inefficient work habits. The EWs, though acted similarly as the NWs, were not as extreme as the NWs and had higher life-satisfaction than the NWs. As for Es, who also worked long hours, their health complains were the least of all workers and they had relatively healthy life styles than the other two kinds of workers. Implications of the internal and external factors on the high-tech R&D professionals, as well as the typology of the overworkers, were discussed.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
88752005
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0887520051
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許文耀zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Wen-yauen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭若蘭zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Daphne J. L. Kuoen_US
dc.creator (作者) 郭若蘭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Daphne J. L. Kuoen_US
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:00:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:00:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:00:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0887520051en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29672-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88752005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在以Spence和Robbins（1992）工作狂熱建構中的內在驅迫因素和工作樂趣因素為基礎，並加入外在驅迫因素，來探討高科技研發人員過度工作的不同因素對於工作時數以及健康生活工作等層面變項的預測力或關聯性，最後由因素劃分出過度工作者類型，並比較不同類型過度工作者的差異性。本研究採問卷調查法，以249位台灣北部地區的高科技研發人員為樣本以及52位高科技行政人員為工作時數的對照組。研究結果發現：（1）研發人員與全國製造業工作者及高科技行政人員相較下，有顯著的過度工作現象。（2）外在驅迫因素意指源自專業工作環境而迫使個體長時數工作的各影響因素。針對研發人員，包括工作負荷過重、產業特性、組織文化酬賞等外在驅迫因素，以及內在驅迫因素，皆對過度工作具有顯著的預測力。而外在驅迫因素對研發人員過度工作的相對預測力高於內在因素。（3）對於健康生活工作三層面的影響性而言，內在因素中的內在驅迫有廣泛不利於三層面的顯著影響性而屬於健康生活工作的危險因子，內在因素中的工作樂趣則相對地於三層面皆有顯著助益而在三層面居於保護因子的角色；外在驅迫因素中的工作負荷過重，對於生活層面有顯著的不良影響，但對健康和工作沒有顯著影響。（4）辨識出三類型的過度工作研發人員，其中內在驅迫高工作樂趣低的「被驅迫狂」在各層面皆有最不利的行為表現，屬於積極的健康定義下的高危險群，內在驅迫高工作樂趣高的「幹勁狂」則較「被驅迫狂」有顯著較高的生活滿足，內在驅迫普通而工作樂趣高的「幹勁者」雖然長時數工作，但各層面狀況反而有優於全體研發人員平均值的傾向。最後，本研究針對上述研究結果做更深層的探討，並說明在個人層次和組織層次實務上的意涵。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Two internal factors, “driveness” and “enjoyment of work” from the workaholism model of Spence and Robbins (1992), and “external force” factors were adopted to investigate the phenomenon of excessive work (defined as long hours of working) in the population of high-tech R&D professionals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of these factors on high-tech R&D professionals’ working habits, as well as on their health and life styles. These factors were used to categorize high-tech R&D professionals further. The results showed (1) R&D professionals worked significantly longer hours than high-tech administrative staff and workers in manufacturing industry. (2) “Work overload”, one external force factor, compared to other factors, predicted best to R&D professionals’ hours of working. Moreover, the amount of variance explained by the external force factors was relatively larger than the internal factors. (3) Driveness was constantly found to be a risk factor for one’s holistic health, whereas the enjoyment of work was found to be a protective factor. The third factor, work overload, influenced one’s health only on one’s social life. (4) Three types of overworkers were identified: the nonenthusiastic workaholics (NWs), the enthusiastic workaholics (EWs), and the enthusiasts (Es). Among these overworkers, the NWs acted most consistently with the indicators of unhealthiness, showing that the NWs may be most vulnerable to health complaints, unsatisfied social life, and inefficient work habits. The EWs, though acted similarly as the NWs, were not as extreme as the NWs and had higher life-satisfaction than the NWs. As for Es, who also worked long hours, their health complains were the least of all workers and they had relatively healthy life styles than the other two kinds of workers. Implications of the internal and external factors on the high-tech R&D professionals, as well as the typology of the overworkers, were discussed.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機 1
     第二節 名詞解釋 4
     第二章 文獻探討 7
     第一節 高科技研發人員與過度工作的現象 7
     第二節 過度工作 9
     第三節 工作狂熱的定義 12
     第四節 Spence和Robbins工作狂三元素的審視 16
     第五節 Spence和Robbins的工作狂熱模式與健康、生活、工作的關聯 25
     第六節 外在驅迫對過度工作的影響 32
     第七節 研究目的、問題與假設 35
     第三章 研究方法 39
     第一節 研究對象、研究樣本與資料蒐集方式 39
     第二節 研究工具 41
     第三節 資料分析 56
     第四章 研究結果 57
     第一節 描述統計與相關分析 57
     第二節 過度工作各因素對工作時數之預測分析 68
     第三節 過度工作各因素對健康生活工作層面的影響 73
     第四節 過度工作類型的劃分與差異 77
     第五章 討論與建議 86
     第一節 討論 86
     第二節 研究限制與發現 91
     第三節 實務上的涵意 92
     參考文獻 94
     附錄一 過度工作型態與健康生活工作 第一次施測問卷 105
     附錄二 過度工作型態與健康生活工作 第二次施測問卷 110
     附錄三 工作狂熱建構的量表之整理 114
     附錄四 工作狂的分類模式 117
     附錄五 應用Spence和Robbins工作狂熱模式的研究整理 125
     附錄六 工作狂熱模式和健康、生活、工作各變項關聯性的總整理 133
     附錄七 關鍵事例訪問整理 144
     
     圖表目錄
     圖三—１ 外在趨迫量表編製前的因素組成理念 47
     圖三—２ 外在趨迫最終因素分析的陡坡圖 51
     
     圖附—１ Naughton（1987）的工作狂的分類 118
     圖附—２ Robinson（1998, 2000a, 2000b）的工作狂的分類 121
     
     表二—１ 工作狂熱定義的整理表 15
     表二—２ 整理自Spence和Robbins（1992）的工作類型 19
     表二—３ 工作狂熱量表的內部一致性係數及分量表間相關值的整理表 23
     表二—４ 整理自Kanai等人（1996）的工作類型 24
     表二—５ 工作狂三元素/工作類型與健康、生活、工作變項的相關程度/差異性 31
     表三—１ 有效樣本分佈表 41
     表三—２ 工作狂熱量表第一次因素分析之因素結構 45
     表三—３ 工作狂熱量表刪題修定後的因素結構 46
     表三—４ 本研究修訂後各量表之題號對照及內部一致性係數 46
     表三—５ 外在趨迫原始項目第一次因素分析的因素結構 49
     表三—６ 外在趨迫刪除工作人際項目後第二次因素分析的因素結構 50
     表三—７ 外在趨迫修訂完成後的因素結構 51
     表三—８ 健康抱怨量表因素結構 53
     表四—１ 研發人員和行政人員的人口學變項分佈 58
     表四—２ 研發人員和行政人員在各研究變項的描述統計 62
     表四—３ 研發人員與對照組在工作時數的t檢定 63
     表四—４ 研發人員在各主要變項的相關（N=245） 66
     表四—５ 對工作時數效標變項之階層迴歸分析 72
     表四—６ 對健康生活工作結果變項之階層迴歸分析 76
     表四—７ 過度工作因素在效標變項的顯著性整理 77
     表四—８ 六類型工作者在三因素變項的平均值特徵及樣本比率 78
     表四—９ 六類型工作者過度工作類型的t檢定 79
     表四—１０ 六類型於各研究變項的差異性比較 84
     
     表附—１ 工作狂分類模式的整理 123
     表附—２ 應用Spence和Robbins（1992）工作狂熱模式的研究整理 125
     表附—３ 工作狂三元素/工作類型與健康生活工作變項的相關程度/差異性總表 133		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0887520051en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高科技研發人員zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 過度工作zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 過度工作因素zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 過度工作類型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作狂熱zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) High-tech R&D professionalsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Excessive worken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Overworken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Overworkeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Workaholismen_US
dc.title (題名) 影響高科技研發人員過度工作因素及工作類型之探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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