學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 台灣K歌產製框架研究
Frame Analysis of Taiwan Karaoke Pop Music
作者 呂理傑
Lu, Li Chieh
貢獻者 關尚仁
Kwan, Shang Ren
呂理傑
Lu, Li Chieh
關鍵詞 流行音樂
框架理論
創造力
K歌
Pop Music
Popular Music
Frame Theory
Creativity
Karaoke Songs
日期 2008
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:09:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究以Csikszentmihalyi「創造力系統模式」個人、守門及領域三角模式觀點為指引,針對2000年至2008年產製最多Top 5 K歌作詞者、作曲者與唱片製作人進行深度訪談,歸納出台灣K歌產製框架。研究目的包括:第一、以框架理論觀點作質性分析,歸納K歌產製流程的框架作用與框架化產製元素;第二、藉由本研究解構K歌產製模式,提供台灣流行音樂產業未來產製省思。
     本研究發現K歌產製者之核心能力,初期是透過「臨摹」領域成功作品習得,日後個人會將「臨摹」加以變形或延伸。「臨摹」建構個人對領域的認知,「臨摹變形」則是基於個人創作習癖,兩者結合形成個人創作風格。
     領域框架個人創作有以下兩種形式:第一、K歌為高度約定俗成的文本格式,個人同意於「結構框架」之下進行產製;第二、K歌產製者選擇創作主題時,受到閱聽人「感情經驗」召喚,以悲傷情歌為主要類型。個人並非純然的創作者,K歌為個人與閱聽人進行之「集體創作」。K歌作曲者為了達到領域要求,從事創作時採用「慣例」造成冗贅性,增進文本的溝通效果。本研究對象最常用之「慣例」,有以下幾種:1、hook(反覆樂句)手法;2、古典音樂理論作曲法;3、慣用和弦。
     由於本研究對象為領域中最具代表性的K歌產製者,守門與個人互動方式並非傳統篩選作品模式,而是雙方採取合作方式,共同為表演者「量身訂作」文本。本研究亦發現,領域中較高地位之「大牌K歌產製者」,具有統合個人與守門角色的權限,少了守門干預的個人作為,可以破除既有格式,自由地使用創意元素於新專輯之中。此外,網路科技降低了出版門檻,衝撞傳統K歌產製系統模式。過去被排除於領域之外的獨立音樂產製者,跳脫出「K歌產製創造力系統模式」,尋求另類出路。個人風格導向之產製,加速了流行音樂領域的變遷。
In this study, the Csikszentmihalyi "creativity system” model, a triangular relationship between individuals, field influences, and domain impacts, is used to understand qualitatively the Taiwanese Karaoke song production popularity and success in the years between 2000 to 2008. The composers, lyricists and producers interviewed produced the most top five karaoke songs during this time. The purpose of this study is first; to use the frame analysis qualitative research method to understand the framework and production elements of Taiwanese Karaoke and Music. Secondly; to provide a model or framework for future production and to offer information that could advise future productions.
     
     This study concluded that lyricists and composer’s core abilities were highly dependant upon what previously successful models were imitated. At first, it was often a matter of imitating successful models that preceded them. Later, as they developed they would transform or elaborate upon this imitation. Individual personalities building upon these imitation inspired works defined the domain. Transformation of the imitation into something new was based upon the habitus of each individual. The frame of the model and personal thought combine to become a personal style
     
     The frame affects the personal content in two ways. First, Karaoke is an already widely accepted format that is familiar to composers. Therefore this structure or frame is already an accepted format to create songs within. Secondly, lyricists choose content based upon the audiences experiences. The most commonly shared experience is often expressed in sad love songs. The lyricist and composer are not purist creators, as audience expectation and interaction forms a collective and collaborative relationship. In order to reach the domain requirements, composers will use rules to form redundancy in the music to improve the contents communicative efficiency to the audience. The three most popular rules used by the composers interviewed were:
     1) The hook. 2) Classical music techniques. 3) The top seven most commonly used chords.
     
     Due to the nature of the group represented, the traditional gate keeper method of selecting individuals for work was most often set aside in favor of cooperative collaboration between the individuals, and the producers in selecting new content for the talent. This study also found that if the domain status is high the most popular composers and lyricists have the power to combine the rights of the gate keeper and the individual. Without the field or gatekeeper the individual can break-out of format models and freely use creative elements in their new productions. Moreover, internet technology opened the door for increased production and lowered the material requirements necessary to produce music. The caused a collision with traditional karaoke music production. Those independent music producers previously excluded from the domain now jump out of the Karaoke Production Creation System. They find alternate means to produce music and expose the audience to their work. Whoever’s personality or strong style stands out clearly will change the domain rapidly.
參考文獻 一、中文部分:
江明珊(2001),《聽MP3,何罪之有?─台灣數位音樂科技、法律與流行音樂工業之角力的開戰》,國立成功大學藝術研究所碩士論文。
宋長熾(2004),《兩岸報紙對「2003年美伊戰爭」議題報導之研究─以《中國時報》、《聯合報》、《自由時報》、《人民日報》為例》,政治作戰學校新聞研究所碩士論文。
李美華等譯(2004),《社會科學研究方法》,台北:時英。(原書Babbie,E.[1992]. The Practice of Social Research. Belmon, Calif. : Wadsworth Pub.)
李逸歆(2001),《台灣流行音樂行銷策略之研究》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
沈宜蓉(2004),《台灣流行音樂市場之整合行銷傳播策略研究》,世新大學傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)碩士論文。
杜明城譯(2007),《創造力》,台北:時報文化。(原書Csikszentmihalyi,M. [1997]. Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial)
林芳玫(1994),《解讀瓊瑤愛情王國》。台北:時報文化。
林富美(2006),(當新聞記者成為名嘴: 名聲、專業與勞動商品化的探討),《新聞學研究》,88:43─81。
陳正國譯(1993),《瞭解庶民文化》,台北:萬象。(原書Fiske, John[1989]. Understanding Popular Culture.Boston:Unwin Hyman)
高怡欣(2003),《新聞媒體報導政黨電視競選廣告之研究─以2001年立法委員暨縣市長公職選舉為例》,國立政治大學廣播電視研究所碩士論文。
張茹茗(2004),《以探討認知框架對於學習型組織導入成效之實證研究》,屏東科技大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。
張敏華(2004),《新台灣之子的媒體形象:外籍配偶子女之新聞框架研究》,國立中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
張錦華等譯(2007),《傳播符號學理論》,台北:遠流。(原書Fiske,J.[1982].Introduction to Communication Studies. London : Methuen)
張馨濤譯(2003),《陰性終止─音樂學的女性主義批判》,台北:商周。(原書McClary,S. [2003]. Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press)
盛治仁(2004),(媒體, 民調和議題─談競選過程中民意的變動性和穩定性),《選舉研究》,11(1):73─98。
彭炎祺(2004),《「心智組態」與「框架效應」對衝突協商之影響─實驗設計取向》,國立東華大學企業管理學研究所碩士論文。
曾湘雲(2003),《檢視台灣流行音樂市場結構與產品多樣性之關聯性:從歌曲內容及音樂產製面談起》,國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
黃聖哲(2002),(美的物質性─論阿多諾的藝術作品理論),《師大學報》, 47(1):1─10。
葛大為(2007),《台灣國語流行音樂發展研究─從核心產銷角度探討》,國立政治大學廣播電視學系碩士論文。
楊宜桂、梁朝雲(2007),(台灣非流行音樂產業行銷管理之創新策略),《廣告學研究》,28:1─28。
臧國仁、鍾蔚文、黃懿慧(1997),(新聞媒體與公共關係(消息來源)的互動:新聞框架理論的再省),《大眾傳播與市場經濟》,頁141─184。香港:鑪峰學會。
劉念夏(2002),(民意調查與民意產製:一個框架理論的觀點),《新聞學研究》,72:173─205。
鄭君仲(2001),《我迷,故我在─流行音樂樂迷和流行音樂文本互動關係之探索》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
蕭瑞麟(2006),《不用數字的研究─鍛鍊深度思考力的質性研究》,台北: 培生。
蕭蘋、蘇振昇(1999a),(揭開風花雪月的迷霧:解讀台灣流行音樂中的愛情價值(1989─1998)),《新聞學研究》,70:167─195。
蕭蘋、蘇振昇(1999b),(流行音樂與社會文化的價值:五種理論觀點的詮釋),「中華傳播學會1999年年會暨論文研討會」,新竹關西。
鐘蔚文、臧國仁、陳韻如、張文強、朱玉芬(1995),(新聞的框架效果),《中文傳播論述研究》,頁243─256,台北:三民。
鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳憶寧、柏松齡、王敏昭(1996),(框架理論再探─以台大女研社A片事件為例),《政大新聞教育六十年慶論文集》,頁181─223,台北:國立政治大學新聞系。
韓享良(2001),《國內報紙內容對失業議題之報導框架研究─以聯合報、中國時報、自由時報為例》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
簡妙如(2002),《流行文化,美學,現代性:以八、九0年代台灣流行音樂的歷史重構為例》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
二、英文部分:
Anderson, B., Hesbacher, P., Etzkorn, K. P., & Denisoff, R. S. (1980). Hit Record Trends, 1940─1977. Journal of Communication, 30(2), 31─43.
Brackett, D. (2000). Interpreting Popular Music CamBridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Covach, J. (2005). Form in Rock Music: A Primer. In Stein, D (Ed). Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis (p.71). New York: Oxford University Press.
DeNora, T. (2000). Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge, England ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gopal R. D., Bhattacharjee. S., Sanders G. L. (2006). Do Artists Benefit from Online Music Sharing? The Journal of Business, 79(3), 1503─1533.
Goffman, E.(1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press.
Grenier, L., Kassabian, A., Brackett, D., & Straw, W. (1999). Roundtable: The Future of Popular Music Studies. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 11─12(1), 151─166.
Griswold, W.(1981). American Character and the American Novel: An Expansion of Reflection Theory in the Sociology of Literature. American Journal of Sociology, 86(4), 740.
Kensinger, E. (2007). Negative Emotion Enhances Memory Accuracy: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4): 213─218.
Keightley, K. (2001). You Keep Coming Back Like A Song: Adult Audiences, Taste Panics, and the Idea of the Standard. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 13(1), 7─40.
Negus, K.(1992). Producing Pop:Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. New York : Routledge.
Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill─Building Approach. New York:Wiley.
Stefani, G. (1987). Melody: A Popular Perspective. Popular Music, 6(1), 21─35.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院碩士在職專班
95941007
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095941007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 關尚仁zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Kwan, Shang Renen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂理傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Li Chiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 呂理傑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lu, Li Chiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:09:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:09:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:09:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095941007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29712-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 傳播學院碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95941007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究以Csikszentmihalyi「創造力系統模式」個人、守門及領域三角模式觀點為指引,針對2000年至2008年產製最多Top 5 K歌作詞者、作曲者與唱片製作人進行深度訪談,歸納出台灣K歌產製框架。研究目的包括:第一、以框架理論觀點作質性分析,歸納K歌產製流程的框架作用與框架化產製元素;第二、藉由本研究解構K歌產製模式,提供台灣流行音樂產業未來產製省思。
     本研究發現K歌產製者之核心能力,初期是透過「臨摹」領域成功作品習得,日後個人會將「臨摹」加以變形或延伸。「臨摹」建構個人對領域的認知,「臨摹變形」則是基於個人創作習癖,兩者結合形成個人創作風格。
     領域框架個人創作有以下兩種形式:第一、K歌為高度約定俗成的文本格式,個人同意於「結構框架」之下進行產製;第二、K歌產製者選擇創作主題時,受到閱聽人「感情經驗」召喚,以悲傷情歌為主要類型。個人並非純然的創作者,K歌為個人與閱聽人進行之「集體創作」。K歌作曲者為了達到領域要求,從事創作時採用「慣例」造成冗贅性,增進文本的溝通效果。本研究對象最常用之「慣例」,有以下幾種:1、hook(反覆樂句)手法;2、古典音樂理論作曲法;3、慣用和弦。
     由於本研究對象為領域中最具代表性的K歌產製者,守門與個人互動方式並非傳統篩選作品模式,而是雙方採取合作方式,共同為表演者「量身訂作」文本。本研究亦發現,領域中較高地位之「大牌K歌產製者」,具有統合個人與守門角色的權限,少了守門干預的個人作為,可以破除既有格式,自由地使用創意元素於新專輯之中。此外,網路科技降低了出版門檻,衝撞傳統K歌產製系統模式。過去被排除於領域之外的獨立音樂產製者,跳脫出「K歌產製創造力系統模式」,尋求另類出路。個人風格導向之產製,加速了流行音樂領域的變遷。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In this study, the Csikszentmihalyi "creativity system” model, a triangular relationship between individuals, field influences, and domain impacts, is used to understand qualitatively the Taiwanese Karaoke song production popularity and success in the years between 2000 to 2008. The composers, lyricists and producers interviewed produced the most top five karaoke songs during this time. The purpose of this study is first; to use the frame analysis qualitative research method to understand the framework and production elements of Taiwanese Karaoke and Music. Secondly; to provide a model or framework for future production and to offer information that could advise future productions.
     
     This study concluded that lyricists and composer’s core abilities were highly dependant upon what previously successful models were imitated. At first, it was often a matter of imitating successful models that preceded them. Later, as they developed they would transform or elaborate upon this imitation. Individual personalities building upon these imitation inspired works defined the domain. Transformation of the imitation into something new was based upon the habitus of each individual. The frame of the model and personal thought combine to become a personal style
     
     The frame affects the personal content in two ways. First, Karaoke is an already widely accepted format that is familiar to composers. Therefore this structure or frame is already an accepted format to create songs within. Secondly, lyricists choose content based upon the audiences experiences. The most commonly shared experience is often expressed in sad love songs. The lyricist and composer are not purist creators, as audience expectation and interaction forms a collective and collaborative relationship. In order to reach the domain requirements, composers will use rules to form redundancy in the music to improve the contents communicative efficiency to the audience. The three most popular rules used by the composers interviewed were:
     1) The hook. 2) Classical music techniques. 3) The top seven most commonly used chords.
     
     Due to the nature of the group represented, the traditional gate keeper method of selecting individuals for work was most often set aside in favor of cooperative collaboration between the individuals, and the producers in selecting new content for the talent. This study also found that if the domain status is high the most popular composers and lyricists have the power to combine the rights of the gate keeper and the individual. Without the field or gatekeeper the individual can break-out of format models and freely use creative elements in their new productions. Moreover, internet technology opened the door for increased production and lowered the material requirements necessary to produce music. The caused a collision with traditional karaoke music production. Those independent music producers previously excluded from the domain now jump out of the Karaoke Production Creation System. They find alternate means to produce music and expose the audience to their work. Whoever’s personality or strong style stands out clearly will change the domain rapidly.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………………3
      第一節 研究動機………………………………………………………3
      第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………5
      第三節 研究問題 ……………………………………………………5
     第二章 文獻探討 …………………………………………………………… 9
      第一節 大眾文化論述與流行音樂研究 ………………………………9
      第二節 框架理論簡介 …………………………………………………23
      第三節 K歌產製與框架理論……………………………………………28
     第三章 研究方法 ……………………………………………………………33
      第一節 研究設計 ……………………………………………………33
      第二節 研究對象 ……………………………………………………35
      第三節 研究架構 ……………………………………………………39
     第四章 資料分析 ……………………………………………………………41
      第一節 個人框架的形成………………………………………………41
      第二節 個人之領域框架………………………………………………68
      第三節 個人守門的互動………………………………………………89
      第四節 K歌領域之變遷………………………………………………97
     第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………101
      第一節 研究發現…………………………………………………………101
      第二節 研究限制與建議…………………………………………………103
     參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………105
     附錄………………………………………………………………………………108
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095941007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 流行音樂zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創造力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) K歌zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pop Musicen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Popular Musicen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Frame Theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Creativityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Karaoke Songsen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣K歌產製框架研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Frame Analysis of Taiwan Karaoke Pop Musicen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江明珊(2001),《聽MP3,何罪之有?─台灣數位音樂科技、法律與流行音樂工業之角力的開戰》,國立成功大學藝術研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 宋長熾(2004),《兩岸報紙對「2003年美伊戰爭」議題報導之研究─以《中國時報》、《聯合報》、《自由時報》、《人民日報》為例》,政治作戰學校新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美華等譯(2004),《社會科學研究方法》,台北:時英。(原書Babbie,E.[1992]. The Practice of Social Research. Belmon, Calif. : Wadsworth Pub.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李逸歆(2001),《台灣流行音樂行銷策略之研究》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 沈宜蓉(2004),《台灣流行音樂市場之整合行銷傳播策略研究》,世新大學傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 杜明城譯(2007),《創造力》,台北:時報文化。(原書Csikszentmihalyi,M. [1997]. Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林芳玫(1994),《解讀瓊瑤愛情王國》。台北:時報文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林富美(2006),(當新聞記者成為名嘴: 名聲、專業與勞動商品化的探討),《新聞學研究》,88:43─81。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳正國譯(1993),《瞭解庶民文化》,台北:萬象。(原書Fiske, John[1989]. Understanding Popular Culture.Boston:Unwin Hyman)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 高怡欣(2003),《新聞媒體報導政黨電視競選廣告之研究─以2001年立法委員暨縣市長公職選舉為例》,國立政治大學廣播電視研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張茹茗(2004),《以探討認知框架對於學習型組織導入成效之實證研究》,屏東科技大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張敏華(2004),《新台灣之子的媒體形象:外籍配偶子女之新聞框架研究》,國立中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張錦華等譯(2007),《傳播符號學理論》,台北:遠流。(原書Fiske,J.[1982].Introduction to Communication Studies. London : Methuen)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張馨濤譯(2003),《陰性終止─音樂學的女性主義批判》,台北:商周。(原書McClary,S. [2003]. Feminine Endings: Music, Gender, and Sexuality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盛治仁(2004),(媒體, 民調和議題─談競選過程中民意的變動性和穩定性),《選舉研究》,11(1):73─98。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭炎祺(2004),《「心智組態」與「框架效應」對衝突協商之影響─實驗設計取向》,國立東華大學企業管理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾湘雲(2003),《檢視台灣流行音樂市場結構與產品多樣性之關聯性:從歌曲內容及音樂產製面談起》,國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃聖哲(2002),(美的物質性─論阿多諾的藝術作品理論),《師大學報》, 47(1):1─10。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葛大為(2007),《台灣國語流行音樂發展研究─從核心產銷角度探討》,國立政治大學廣播電視學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊宜桂、梁朝雲(2007),(台灣非流行音樂產業行銷管理之創新策略),《廣告學研究》,28:1─28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁、鍾蔚文、黃懿慧(1997),(新聞媒體與公共關係(消息來源)的互動:新聞框架理論的再省),《大眾傳播與市場經濟》,頁141─184。香港:鑪峰學會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉念夏(2002),(民意調查與民意產製:一個框架理論的觀點),《新聞學研究》,72:173─205。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭君仲(2001),《我迷,故我在─流行音樂樂迷和流行音樂文本互動關係之探索》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭瑞麟(2006),《不用數字的研究─鍛鍊深度思考力的質性研究》,台北: 培生。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭蘋、蘇振昇(1999a),(揭開風花雪月的迷霧:解讀台灣流行音樂中的愛情價值(1989─1998)),《新聞學研究》,70:167─195。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭蘋、蘇振昇(1999b),(流行音樂與社會文化的價值:五種理論觀點的詮釋),「中華傳播學會1999年年會暨論文研討會」,新竹關西。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鐘蔚文、臧國仁、陳韻如、張文強、朱玉芬(1995),(新聞的框架效果),《中文傳播論述研究》,頁243─256,台北:三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳憶寧、柏松齡、王敏昭(1996),(框架理論再探─以台大女研社A片事件為例),《政大新聞教育六十年慶論文集》,頁181─223,台北:國立政治大學新聞系。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 韓享良(2001),《國內報紙內容對失業議題之報導框架研究─以聯合報、中國時報、自由時報為例》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 簡妙如(2002),《流行文化,美學,現代性:以八、九0年代台灣流行音樂的歷史重構為例》,國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文部分:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, B., Hesbacher, P., Etzkorn, K. P., & Denisoff, R. S. (1980). Hit Record Trends, 1940─1977. Journal of Communication, 30(2), 31─43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brackett, D. (2000). Interpreting Popular Music CamBridge [England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Covach, J. (2005). Form in Rock Music: A Primer. In Stein, D (Ed). Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis (p.71). New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DeNora, T. (2000). Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge, England ; New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gopal R. D., Bhattacharjee. S., Sanders G. L. (2006). Do Artists Benefit from Online Music Sharing? The Journal of Business, 79(3), 1503─1533.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goffman, E.(1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, Mass:Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grenier, L., Kassabian, A., Brackett, D., & Straw, W. (1999). Roundtable: The Future of Popular Music Studies. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 11─12(1), 151─166.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Griswold, W.(1981). American Character and the American Novel: An Expansion of Reflection Theory in the Sociology of Literature. American Journal of Sociology, 86(4), 740.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kensinger, E. (2007). Negative Emotion Enhances Memory Accuracy: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4): 213─218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keightley, K. (2001). You Keep Coming Back Like A Song: Adult Audiences, Taste Panics, and the Idea of the Standard. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 13(1), 7─40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Negus, K.(1992). Producing Pop:Culture and Conflict in the Popular Music Industry. New York : Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sekaran, U. (1992). Research Methods for Business: A Skill─Building Approach. New York:Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stefani, G. (1987). Melody: A Popular Perspective. Popular Music, 6(1), 21─35.zh_TW