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題名 報紙政治新聞小報化傾向初探─《蘋果日報》在台發行前後之比較
Tabloidization of Political News in Newspapers - Before and After the Publication of Apple Daily in Taiwan
作者 尹俊傑
Yi,Chun Jeh
貢獻者 蘇蘅
Su,Herng
尹俊傑
Yi,Chun Jeh
關鍵詞 政治新聞
小報
小報化
客觀報導
political news
tabloid
tabloidization
objective reporting
日期 2007
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:19:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 國內報業在開放報禁後逐漸邁入競爭激烈的市場型態，各報先後朝以讀者需求與利潤為依歸的市場導向模式發展，而《蘋果日報》於2003年在台灣發行之後，再度對台灣報業市場產生一次極大衝擊。本研究聚焦在報紙政治新聞，觀察以往以硬性資訊為主的政治新聞在此脈絡下是否也受其影響開始出現或加劇原有的「小報化」傾向。
     
      本研究以《自由時報》、《中國時報》、《聯合報》三大報的前三版政治新聞做為「非小報」的政治新聞樣本，並以《蘋果日報》在台發行當年、以及前後三年（2000年、2003年與2006年）做為分析期間，採用量化內容分析法，比較這三階段政治新聞的報導形式、內容與風格等面向。
     
      在形式面，國內報紙政治新聞的報導內文篇幅並沒有顯著的減少跡象，其標題與搭配的照片面積也沒有明顯增大，改變最大之處在於報紙政治新聞搭配刊登照片的新聞比例逐漸提高，使得整體版面呈現出更加視覺圖像導向的「小報化」形式特色。
     
      在內容面，本研究發現在報導主題的轉變上，關乎政府政策與國會等較具公共性質的新聞量明顯減少、針對政治醜聞的報導明顯增加；然而，聚焦單一政治人物的個人化報導，多年來卻維持一定比例沒有明顯增加，這部分並不吻合「小報化」的新聞主題發展。
     
      在風格面，政治人物的個人報導朝軟性化發展，含納更多私領域動態或是人情趣味元素；而記者在撰寫特稿與評論時，更容易以明顯字句對特定政治人物或黨派進行負面批評；聚焦政治衝突的新聞量雖然沒有顯著增加，但衝突事件的主角卻也逐漸轉移到政治人物彼此的個人恩怨上。
     
      最後，本研究以四個客觀性報導處理手法做為觀察指標，檢視國內政治新聞報導是否受「小報化」負面影響而在新聞專業與報導素質上做出讓步。在純淨新聞裡不摻記者個人意見、和明確提供消息來源等基本處理方式上，《蘋果日報》登台前後的政治新聞差異並不大；然而，國內報紙政治新聞的解釋與評論性質報導卻帶有了更多的黨派色彩，且平衡陳述對立意見的報導比例也逐漸減少。
Apple Daily has made an impact on the strongly competitive newspaper market in Taiwan since its publication in 2003, spilling over tabloid news values into other media outlets. This study focuses solely on traditionally serious and hard political news and sets out to examine whether it has been influenced, or tabloidized, over time.
     
      Quantitative content analysis on political news items from three largest non-tabloid newspapers - Liberty Times, United Daily and China Times - was carried out and measured at three different levels: form, main topic and style. News samples were randomly selected in 2000, 2003 and 2006.
     
      In terms of form, more and more political news incorporated visual elements, such as photographs, as means for presenting information, while the page space devoted to text remained relatively stable. As for main topic, the overall decrease of coverage on government, parliament and policies was evident, and the focus has been shifted toward political scandal. With regard to style, the personalized coverage on political figures was done with a more softer approach by focusing more on human interest stories. And personal conflicts of politicians were highlighted in coverage on political conflict.
     
      Finally, measurement of objective reporting was adopted to gauge whether there was an overall decrease in journalistic standards of political reporting. The results were mixed. While the basic practices of not presenting subjective opinion and anonymous news source were maintained over the period, the news comments have become more partisan and the balanced presentation of conflicting political views has decreased.
參考文獻  中文部分
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黃振家譯（2002）。《大眾媒體研究》。台北：學富。（原書Wimmer, R. D. & Dominick, J. R. (2000). Mass media research: An introduction (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.）
楊瑪利（2002）。〈弱智媒體〉，《天下雜誌知識庫》。上網日期：2002年4月1日，取自http://www.cwk.com.tw/。
楊擊譯（2006）。《大眾媒介與社會》，北京：華夏。（原書Curran J. & Gurevitch M. (eds.). [2000]. Mass media and society (3rd ed.). London: Arnold.）
潘家慶、卜正珉（1990）。〈解嚴前後報紙政治新聞報導的轉變〉，《新聞學研究》，43：85-116。
鄧麗萍（2005）。《從爭議性政治新聞探討客觀報導與事實建構》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
劉昌德（2007）。〈媒體倫理的政治經濟學：國家、資本與新聞專業規範的流變〉，《中華傳播學刊》，11：111-154。
羅世宏、魏玓、馮建三、唐士哲、林麗雲、王菲菲、王賀白譯（2005）。《問題媒體：二十一世紀美國傳播政治》。台北：巨流。（原書McChesney, R. (2004). The problem of the media: U.S. communication politics in 21st century. New York: Monthly Review Press.）
蘇蘅（2001）。《報紙新聞「小報化」的趨勢分析》。（行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告，NSC 89-2412-H-004-031）。台北：政治大學新聞系。
蘇蘅（2002）。《競爭時代的報紙：理論與實務》。台北：時英。
蘇蘅、牛隆光、黃美燕、趙曉男（2000）。〈台灣報紙轉型的問題與挑戰──提供讀者更好的選擇？〉，《新聞學研究》，64：1-32。
 英文部分
Babbie, E. (2003). The practice of social research (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Baum, M. A. (2002). Sex, lies, and war: How soft news brings foreign policy to the inattentive public. American Political Science Review, 96, 91–110.
Becker, K. (1992). Photojournalism and the tabloid press. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.), Journalism and popular culture (pp. 130-153). London: Sage.
Bek, M.G. (2004). Research note: Tabloidization of news media: An analysis of television news in Turkey. European Journal of Communication, 19(3), 371–386.
Benson, R. & Hallin D.C. (2005). How states, markets and globalization shape the news: The French and American National Press, 1965-1997. Paper presented at the 55th annual conference of the International Communication Association, New York, USA.
Bird, S. E. (1990). Storytelling on the far side: Journalism and the weekly tabloid. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 7, 377-389.
Bird, S. E. (2002). The audience in everyday life. London: Routlege.
Brants, K. & Neijens, P. (1998). The infotainment of politics. Political Communication, 15, 149-164.
Brookes, R. (2000). Tabloidization, media panics, and mad cow disease. In C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (Eds.), Tabloid tales: Global debates over media standards (pp. 195-209). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Conboy, M. (2006). Popular politics in a national context. In M. Conboy, Tabloid Britain: Constructing a community through language (pp. 152-184). New York: Routledge.
Connell, I. (1998). Mistaken identities: Tabloid and broadsheet news. The Public, 5(3), 11-31.
Corner, J. & Pels, D. (2003). Introduction: The re-styling of politics. In J. Corner & D. Pels (Eds.), Media and the restyling of politics: Consumerism, celebrity, cynicism (pp. 1-18). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Delli Carpini, M. & Williams, B. (2001). Let us entertain you: Politics in the new media environment. In L. Bennett & R. Entman (Eds.), Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy (pp. 160-191). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Entman, R.M. & Bennett, W.L. (2001). Communication in the future of democracy: A conclusion. In L. Bennett & R. Entman (Eds.), Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy (pp. 468-480). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Esser, F. (1999). `Tabloidization` of news: A comparative analysis of Anglo-American and German press journalism. European Journal of Communication, 14(3), 291–324.
Franklin, B. (1997). Newszak and new media. London: Arnold.
Graber, D., McQuail, D. & Norris, P. (1998). Introduction: Political communication in a democracy. In D. Graber, D. McQuail & P. Norris (Eds.), The politics of news (pp. 1-16). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Gripsund, J. (1992). The aesthetics and the politics of melodrama. In P. Dahlgren & C. Sparks (Eds.), Journalism and popular culture. (pp. 84-95) London: Sage.
Gripsrud, J. (2000). Tabloidization, popular journalism, and democracy. In C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (Eds.), Tabloid tales: Global debates over media standards (pp. 285-300). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hauttekeete, L., Peersman, W. & Debackere, J. (2002). `Politics in newspapers: Did you notice anything?` An analysis of the tabloidization of political news in four Flemish newspapers. Tijdschrift voor Sociologie, 23(3-4), 343-369.
Klein, U. (2000). Tabloidized political coverage in the German Bild-Zeitung. In C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (Eds.), Tabloid tales: Global debates over media standards (pp. 177-194). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
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McLachlan, S. & Golding, P. (2000). Tabloidization in the British press: A quantitative investigation into changes in British newspapers,1952-1997. In C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (Eds.), Tabloid tales: Global debates over media standards (pp. 75-89). Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
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Moy, P. & Pfau, M. (2000). With malice toward all?: The media and public confidence in democratic institutions. Westport, CT: Praeger.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
94451014
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094451014
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蘇蘅zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Su,Herngen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 尹俊傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yi,Chun Jehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 尹俊傑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yi,Chun Jehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:19:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:19:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:19:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094451014en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29796-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94451014zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 國內報業在開放報禁後逐漸邁入競爭激烈的市場型態，各報先後朝以讀者需求與利潤為依歸的市場導向模式發展，而《蘋果日報》於2003年在台灣發行之後，再度對台灣報業市場產生一次極大衝擊。本研究聚焦在報紙政治新聞，觀察以往以硬性資訊為主的政治新聞在此脈絡下是否也受其影響開始出現或加劇原有的「小報化」傾向。
     
      本研究以《自由時報》、《中國時報》、《聯合報》三大報的前三版政治新聞做為「非小報」的政治新聞樣本，並以《蘋果日報》在台發行當年、以及前後三年（2000年、2003年與2006年）做為分析期間，採用量化內容分析法，比較這三階段政治新聞的報導形式、內容與風格等面向。
     
      在形式面，國內報紙政治新聞的報導內文篇幅並沒有顯著的減少跡象，其標題與搭配的照片面積也沒有明顯增大，改變最大之處在於報紙政治新聞搭配刊登照片的新聞比例逐漸提高，使得整體版面呈現出更加視覺圖像導向的「小報化」形式特色。
     
      在內容面，本研究發現在報導主題的轉變上，關乎政府政策與國會等較具公共性質的新聞量明顯減少、針對政治醜聞的報導明顯增加；然而，聚焦單一政治人物的個人化報導，多年來卻維持一定比例沒有明顯增加，這部分並不吻合「小報化」的新聞主題發展。
     
      在風格面，政治人物的個人報導朝軟性化發展，含納更多私領域動態或是人情趣味元素；而記者在撰寫特稿與評論時，更容易以明顯字句對特定政治人物或黨派進行負面批評；聚焦政治衝突的新聞量雖然沒有顯著增加，但衝突事件的主角卻也逐漸轉移到政治人物彼此的個人恩怨上。
     
      最後，本研究以四個客觀性報導處理手法做為觀察指標，檢視國內政治新聞報導是否受「小報化」負面影響而在新聞專業與報導素質上做出讓步。在純淨新聞裡不摻記者個人意見、和明確提供消息來源等基本處理方式上，《蘋果日報》登台前後的政治新聞差異並不大；然而，國內報紙政治新聞的解釋與評論性質報導卻帶有了更多的黨派色彩，且平衡陳述對立意見的報導比例也逐漸減少。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Apple Daily has made an impact on the strongly competitive newspaper market in Taiwan since its publication in 2003, spilling over tabloid news values into other media outlets. This study focuses solely on traditionally serious and hard political news and sets out to examine whether it has been influenced, or tabloidized, over time.
     
      Quantitative content analysis on political news items from three largest non-tabloid newspapers - Liberty Times, United Daily and China Times - was carried out and measured at three different levels: form, main topic and style. News samples were randomly selected in 2000, 2003 and 2006.
     
      In terms of form, more and more political news incorporated visual elements, such as photographs, as means for presenting information, while the page space devoted to text remained relatively stable. As for main topic, the overall decrease of coverage on government, parliament and policies was evident, and the focus has been shifted toward political scandal. With regard to style, the personalized coverage on political figures was done with a more softer approach by focusing more on human interest stories. And personal conflicts of politicians were highlighted in coverage on political conflict.
     
      Finally, measurement of objective reporting was adopted to gauge whether there was an overall decrease in journalistic standards of political reporting. The results were mixed. While the basic practices of not presenting subjective opinion and anonymous news source were maintained over the period, the news comments have become more partisan and the balanced presentation of conflicting political views has decreased.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝辭 ……………………………………………………………………… i
     摘要 ……………………………………………………………………… iii
     目錄 ……………………………………………………………………… vii
     第一章　緒論
      第一節　研究背景 ………………………………………………… 01
      第二節　研究目的 ………………………………………………… 08
     第二章　文獻探討
      第一節　政治新聞及其轉變 ……………………………………… 11
      第二節　小報與小報化 …………………………………………… 22
      第三節　政治新聞小報化的特色 ………………………………… 30
      第四節　國內相關研究 …………………………………………… 41
      第五節　研究問題 ………………………………………………… 45
     第三章　研究方法
      第一節　分析樣本 ………………………………………………… 47
      第二節　纇目建構 ………………………………………………… 52
      第三節　編碼與信度檢測 …………………………………………… 57
      第四節　資料處理 ………………………………………………… 59
     第四章　資料分析結果
      第一節　報紙政治新聞報導形式的轉變 …………………………… 61
      第二節　報紙政治新聞報導主題的轉變 …………………………… 70
      第三節　報紙政治新聞報導風格的轉變 …………………………… 78
      第四節　報紙政治新聞客觀處理報導的轉變 ……………………… 88
      第五節 三大報政治新聞綜合比較 ………………………………… 95
      第六節　小結 ……………………………………………………… 101
     第五章　結論與討論
      第一節　主要研究發現 …………………………………………… 105
      第二節　綜合討論 ………………………………………………… 112
      第三節　研究限制與建議 …………………………………………… 119
     參考書目 ………………………………………………………………… 123
     附錄
      附錄一 編碼表 ……………………………………………………… 131
      附錄二 編碼須知 ………………………………………………… 134		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094451014en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治新聞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 小報zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 小報化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客觀報導zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) political newsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tabloiden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) tabloidizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) objective reportingen_US
dc.title (題名) 報紙政治新聞小報化傾向初探─《蘋果日報》在台發行前後之比較zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Tabloidization of Political News in Newspapers - Before and After the Publication of Apple Daily in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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