1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. 商學院
  4. 學位論文
  5. Item

學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 廠商在策略群組間移動之研究--以台灣地區人壽保險業為例
作者 張馥芳
Fu-Fang Chang
貢獻者 司徒達賢<br>于卓民
<br>
張馥芳
Fu-Fang Chang
關鍵詞 策略群組
組織壓力
資源
組織慣性
日期 2003
上傳時間 11-九月-2009 16:40:09 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究運用組織調適理論與資源基礎的觀點，探討影響臺灣地區人壽保險公司在策略群組間移動的因素，期望對於策略群組的理論有所貢獻。
     策略群組歸屬的變化與穩定分析為本研究理論上最重要之特色，為建構本研究所主張之群組歸屬之變化與穩定程度並提出相關假設，除透過文獻研究外，且經由實務個案之觀察與訪談，將二者之推論加以綜合以形成研究假設。
     為驗證假說與推論，本研究選取人壽保險公司在過去四十年間的策略變化作為策略群組歸屬與穩定程度的實證對象，共收集到90份樣本，作為進行相關統計分析推論之依據。由於此產業在台灣的歷史悠久，且在此期間有分階段的市場開放，可以完整切割產業期間，適合本研究之進行。根據實證結果發現，本研究所提出的三個主假設中，資源與組織壓力獲得支持，組織慣性未獲支持。
     由於本研究對影響策略群組穩定程度的分析涵蓋資源基礎組織調適理論與組織慣性理論，因此欲瞭解不同理論構念對於策略群組的穩定程度的解釋能力如何，本研究進一步彙整比較不同模型的McFadden R2。
     研究結果顯示，整體而言，除了組織慣性之外，其餘不論是由資源基礎或組織調適理論之觀點對策略群組穩定程度之解釋力皆具有相當之水準，表示此兩種理論於探討影響策略群組的穩定程度之因素有同等之重要性。這項結果亦說明傳統上由資源基礎的觀點解釋群組的穩定，學者傾向於觀察公司所具有的「資源」，其實應與「組織壓力」相互呼應。
     
     關鍵字：人壽保險業、資源基礎觀點、組織調適、組織壓力、組織慣性、策略群組之歸屬、策略群組之穩定程度
參考文獻 壹、中文部份
王文靜(民82)，南山人壽蛻變之路，台北：商周文化事業。
司徒達賢(民84)，策略管理，台北：遠流出版社。
司徒達賢(民90)，策略管理新論，台北：智勝出版社。
江幸鴻(民88)，「動態策略群組結構、競爭重定位與經營績效之研究之研究」，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
吳思華(民85)，策略九說：策略思考的本質，台北：麥田出版社。
李仁芳(民83)，「企業如何掌握競爭優勢」，世界經理文摘，第89期，頁18-63。
李家泉(民84)，「壽險業務經營特質與自由化，國際化之影響分析」，保險專刊，第42輯，頁1-18。
林建煌(民78)，「策略群組、組織作為與績效關係之研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
林晉寬(民84)，「從資源基礎理論探討資源特性與成長策略之關係」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
林清山(民81)，心理與教育統計學，台北市：東華書局。
Venkatraman, N. (1989), “The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.14, pp.423-444.
Vicente-Lorente, J. D. (2001), “Specificity and Opacity as Resource-Based Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence for Spanish Manufacturing Firms,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.22, pp.157-177.
Weick, K.E. (1979), The Social Psychology of Organiaing, Resding, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Wernferfelt, B. (1984),“A Resource-Based View of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, pp.171-180.
Williamson, O. E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies, New York : Free Press.
Zajac, E.J. and Kraatz, M.S. (1993), “A Diametric Forces Model of Strategic Change: Assessing the Antecedents and Consequences of Restruring in the Higher Education Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.83-102.
Zucker, L. (1987), “Institutional Theories of Organization,” Annual Review of sociology, Vol.13, pp.443-464.
劉宗其、李勝祥(民87)，「組織文化與組織氣候對市場資訊處理及績效之影響」，企業管理學報，第43期。
鄭仁偉(民84)，「組織自主改變、組織慣性與改變績效的關係」，臺灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
邱皓正(民91)，量化研究與統計分析，台北：五南圖書公司。
Huff, A.S.Huff J.O.and Thomas H.(1994), “The Dynamics of Strategic Change,” In H. Daems and H. Thomas(Eds), Strategic Groups, Strategic Moves and Performance (pp.31-62), Oxford:Pergamon Press.
司徒達賢、彭金隆(民89)，「我國人壽保險產業經營策略分析─策略矩陣分析法之運用」，第六屆服務管理研討會，頁247-273。
貳、英文部份
Aaker, D. A. (1984), Strategic Market Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.
Aaker, D.A. (1989), “Managing Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” California Management Review, Vol.24, pp.97-106.
Aaker, D.A.(1995), Strategic Market Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.
Aldrich,H.(1979), Organizations and Environments, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Allison, P.D.(1984), Event History Analysis-Regression for Longitudinal Event Data ,New York:McGraw-Hill.
Amburgey, T.L., and Miner, A.S. (1992),“Strategic Momentum: The effects of Repetitive, Positional and Contextual Momentum on Merger Activity,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.335-348.
Amit, R. & P. J. H. Shoemaker (1993), “Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.33-46.
Andrews, K. (1980), The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Resding, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Huff, J. O., and Stuart A.(1995), “Stress, Inertia, Opportunity and Competitive Position: A SIOP Model of Strategic Change in the Pharmaceuticals Industry,” Academy of Management Journal, Best Papers Proceedings, pp.22-29.
Ansoff, H.I.(1965), Corporate Strategy, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Ansoff, H.I., and McDonnell, E.J. (1990), Implanting Strategic Management (2 n d ed.). London: Prentice Hall international Ltd.
Astley, W. G. (1984), “Toward an Appreciation of Collective Strategy,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.9, No.3, pp.526-535.
Astley, W. G., and Van De Ven, A.H. (1983), “Central Perspectives and Debates in Organization Theory,” Administrative Science Quartly, Vol.28, pp.245-276.
Bain, E. (1959), Industrial Organization, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.
Baird, I. and Sudharshan, D (1983), “Strategic Groups: A Three-Mode Factor Analysis of Some Measures of Financial Risk,” Working paper 931,Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, Champaign.
Barlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. (1994), “Global Strategy Management: Impact on the New Forntiers of Strategy Research,” Strategic Management Journal,Vol.15,pp.179-218.
Barney, J. B. (1986), “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy,” Management Science, Vol.42, pp.1231-1241.
Barney, J. B. (1991), “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17, pp.99-120.
Barney, J. B. and R.E. Hoskisson (1990),“Strategic Groups: Untested Assertions and Research Proposals,” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.11, pp. 187-198.
Hunt, M. (1972), “Competition in the Major Home Appliance Industry 1960-1970,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Boston.
Barney, J. B., (2001), “Is the Resource-Based View a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research? Yes,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.26, No.1, pp.41-56.
Baum, J. A. C., and Oliver, C. (1991), “Institutional Linkages and Organizational Morality,” Adminstrative Science Quarterly, Vol.36, pp.187-218.
Baum, J.A.C.(1990), “Inertial and Adaption Patterns in the Dynamics of Organizational Change,” Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, pp.165-169.
Black, J. A. and Boal, K. B(1994), “Strategic Resources: Traits, Configurations and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, pp.131-148.
Bogner, W. C. and H. Thomas (1993),“The Role of Competitive Groups in Strategy Formulation: A Dynamic Integration of Two Competing Models,” Journal of Management Studies,Vol.30:1,pp.51-67.
Bogner, W. C., H. Thomas and J. McGee (1996),“A Longitudinal Study of the Competitive Positions and Entry Paths of European Firms in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Market,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, pp.85-107.
Bogner, W.C., Mahoney, J. T. and Thomas, H. (1993), “Patterns and Similarity Strategic Group and Resource-based Research in Strategic Management,” Working Paper, Univerity of Illinois.
Bourgeois,Ⅲ. L.J.(1981), “On The Measurement of Organization Slack,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.6, pp.29-39.
Boyle, R.D., Desai V., and Harsha B.(1991), “Turnaround Strategies for Small Firms,” Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.29, pp.33-42.
Carroll, G. R. (1984), “Dynamics of Publisher Succession in Newspaper Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.29, pp.93-113.
Itami, H. (1987), Mobilizing Invisible Assets, Cambrige, MA: Harvard University Press.
Caves, R. E. and M. E. Porter.(1977).“From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.91, pp.241-261.
Caves, R. E. and Pankaj Ghemat (1992), “Identifying Mobility Barriers,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.1-12.
Chakravarthy, B. S. (1982). “Adaptation: A Promising Metaphor for Strategic Management,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.7, pp.35-44.
Chandler, A.D (1990), Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chandler, A.D. (1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Chatterjee, S. & B. Wernerfelt (1991), “The Link Between Resources and Type of Diversification: Theory and Evidence,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.33-48.
Child, J. (1972). “Organization Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice,” Sociology, Vol.6, pp.1-22.
Chrisman, J. J., Bauerschmidt, A. and Hofer, C. W. (Fall, 1998). “The Determinants of New Venture Performance: An Extended Model,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, pp.5-29.
Churchill, G.A.(1979), “A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.14, pp.64-73.
Collis, D. J. & C. A. Montgomery (1995), “Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.73, pp.118-128.
Kast, F.E. and Rosenzweig, J.E. (1974), Organization and management: A system approach (2 n d ed), New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Collis, D.J.& J.B.Barney (1991), “A Resource-based Analysis of Global Competition: The Case of the Bearings Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.49-68.
Conner, K. R., (1991), “A Historical Comparison of Resource-based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm?” Journal of Management, Vol.17, Iss.1, pp.121-154.
Cool, K (1985), “Strategic Group Formulation and Strategic Group Shift: A Longitudinal Analysis of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, 1967- 1982,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.
Cool, K. and I. Dierickx (1993), “Rivalry, Strategic Groups and Firm Profitability,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.47-59.
Cool, K. O. and D. Schendel (1987),“Strategic Group Formation and Performance: The Case of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, 1963-1982,” Management Science, Vol.33, No.9, pp.1102-1124.
Cox, D.R. and D. Oakes(1984), Analysis of Survival Data, London: Chapman and Hall.
Coyne, K. P., (Jan/Feb., 1986), “Sustained Competitive Advantage: What it is and What it isn’t,” Business Horizons,Vol,25, pp.54-61.
Cyert, R. M., and March, J.G. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Dess, G. & D. Beard (1984), “Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.29, pp.52-73.
Dess, G. G.and P.S. Davis(1984),“Porter’s (1980) Generic Strategies as Determinants of Strategic Group Membership and Organizational Performance”, Academy of Management Journal,Vol.27,No.3,pp.467-488.
Kay, J.(1993), “The Structure of Strategy,” Business Strategy Review, Vol.4, pp.17-37.
Dierickx, I. & Cool K. (1989), “Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage,” Management Science, Vol.35, pp.1504-1511.
DiMaggio, P., and Powell, W. (1983), “The Iron Cage Revisited: Stitutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” American Sociological Review, Vol.48, pp.147-160.
Duncan, R. B (1972), “Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environment Uncertainty,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.17, pp.313-327.
Dutton, J. and Duncan, R.B.(1987), “The Creation of Momentum for Change through the Process of Strategic Issue Diagnosis,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.8,pp.279-295.
Dutton, J. and Jackson, S. (1987), “Categorizing Strategic Issues: Links to Organizational Action,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.12, pp.76-90.
Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000),“Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21, pp.1105-1121.
Fiegenbaum, A. (1987),“Dynamic Aspects of Strategic Groups and Competitive Strategy: Concepts and Empirical Examination in the Insurance Industry,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign.
Fiegenbaum, A. and H. Thomas (1990),“Strategic Groups and Performance: The U.S. Insurance Industry, 1970-84,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, pp.197-215.
Fiol,C.M.(1991), “Management Culture as a Competitive Resource: An Identity- Based View of Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17,pp.191-211.
Fombrun, C. J. and E. J. Zajac (1987),“Structural and Perceptual Influences on Intraindustry Stratification,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.30, No.1, pp.33-50.
Keats, B.W., and Hitt, M.A. (1988), “A Causal Model of Linkages among Environmental Dimensions, Macro Organizational Characteristics, and Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.31, No.3, pp.570-598.
Fombrun, C.J., and Ginsberg, A. (1990), “Shifting Gears: Enabling Change in Corporate Aggressiveness,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, pp.297-308.
Ginsberg, A., and Buchholtz, A. (1990), “Converting to For-Profit Status: Corporate Responsiveness to Radical Change,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.33, No.3, pp.445-477.
Grant, R. M. (1991), “The Resource Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation,” California Management Review, Vol.33, pp.114-135.
Greenbaum, T.L.(1993), The Handbook for Focus Group Research, N.Y.: Lexington Books.
Gresov, C., Haveman, A.H. and Oliva, A.T. (1993), “Organization Design, Inertia and the Dynamics of Competitive Response,” Organization Science,Vol.4, No.2, pp.181-208.
Hall, R. (1992), “The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resource,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.135-144.
Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994), “Competing For the Future,”Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1977), “The Population Ecology of Organizations,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol.8, pp.929-964.
Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1984), “Structural Inertia and Organizational Change,” American Sociololgical Review, Vol.49, pp.149-164.
Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1989), “Organizational Ecology, ” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kelly, D., and Amburgey, T.L. (1991), “Organizational Inertia and Momentum: A Dynamic Model of Strategic Change,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.34, pp.591-612.
Harrigan, K. R.(1985),“An Application of Clustering for Strategic Group Analysis,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.6, pp.55-73.
Hatten, K. and Schendel, D. (1977), “Heterogeneity within an Industry: Firm Conduct in the U.S Brewing Industry,” Journal of industrial Economics, Vol.26. pp. 97-113.
Hatten, K. J. and M. L. Hatten (1987),“Strategic Groups, Asymmetrical Mobility Barriers and Contestability,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.8, pp. 329- 342.
Hatten, K. J.(1974), Strategic Models in the Brewing Industry,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette.
Hatten, K. J., D. E. Schendel, and A. C. Cooper (1978),“A strategic Model of the U.S. Brewing Industry: 1952-1971,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.21, No.4, pp.592-610.
Haveman, H.A. (1993), “Organizational Size and Change: Diversification in the Saving and Loan Industry after Deregulation,” Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol.34, pp.20-50.
Hedberg, B.L.T., Nystrom, P.C., and Starbuck, W.H. (1976),“Camping on Seesaws: Prescriptions for a Self-Designing Organization,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, pp.41-65.
Hergert, Michael (1987), “Causes and Consequences of Strategic Grouping in U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol.18,pp.187-221.
Klein, J.A., Edge, G.M., and Kass, T. (1991), “Skill-Base Competition,” Journal of General Management, Vol.16, pp.1-15.
Kotler, P. (2000), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
徐子婷(民89)，膽大包天─安泰百變CEO潘燊昌傳奇，台北：天下文化。
Kumar, K. R., H. Thomas and A. Fiegenbaum (1990),“Strategic Groupings as Competitive Benchmarks for Formulating Future Competitive Strategy: A Modelling Approach” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.11, pp. 99- 109.
Lawless, M.W., D.D. Bergh, and W.D.Wilsted (1989), “Performance Variations Among Strategic Group Members: An Examination Of Individual Firm Capability,” Journal of Management,Vol.18, pp.649-661.
Lawless, Michael W. & Linda K. Finch (1989), “Choice and Determinism: A Test Of Hrebiniak and Joyce’s Framework On Strategy-Environment Fit,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, pp.351-365.
Lippman, S. A. and Rumelt, P. R. (1982), “Uncertain Imitability: Analysis of Interfirm Differences if Efficiency Under Competition,” Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.13, pp.418-438.
Maijoor, S. and Witteloostuijn, A. V.(1996), “An Empirical Test of the Resource- Based Theory: Strategic Regulation in the Dutch Audit Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.19, pp.549-569.
Makadok, R. (2001), “Towards a Synthesis of the Resource-Based and Dynamic- Capability Views of Rent Creation,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.22, pp.378-401.
Mascarenhas, B. and D. A. Aaker (1989),“Mobility Barriers and Strategic Groups,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, pp.475-785.
McEvily, S. K., Das, S. and McCabe, K. (2000), “Avoiding Competence Substitution Through Knowledge Sharing,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.25, No.2, pp.294-311.
McGee, J. (1985),“Strategic Group Analysis and Strategic Management: Patterns and Trends in Existing Studies,” In Thomas H. and Gardner D. (Eds.), Strategic Management and Marketing. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
McGee, J. and H. Thomas (1986),“Strategic Groups: Theory, Research and Taxonomy”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.7, pp.141-160.
高淑芬，(民82)，「資源特性與合作策略關連之研究- 以資源基礎觀點」，中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
Merton, R.K. (1957), Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, IL: Free press.
Meyer, J.W., and Rowan, B. (1977), “Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol.83, pp.340-363.
Miles, R. E. & C. C. Snow (1978), Organization Strategy, Structure And Process, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Miller, D. & P. H. Friesen (1982), “Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms: Two Models of Strategic Momentum,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.3, pp.1-25.
Miller, D., and Friesen, P.H. (1980), “Momentum and Revolution in Organizational Adaptation,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.23, No.4, pp.591-614.
Montgomery, C.A. and Hariharan, S.(1991), “Diversified Expansion by Large Established,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.15, pp.71-89.
Montgomery, C.A. and Wernerfelt, B.(1988), “Diversification, Recardian Rents, and Tobin’s q,” RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.19, pp.623-632.
N.Venkatraman and Vasudevan Ramanujam (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.11, No.4,pp.158-184.
Nachmias, C. and D. Nachmias(1996), Research Methods in the Social Science, 5th ed. London: Cooper.
Nelson, R.R., and Winter, S.G. (1982), “An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change,” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
彭金隆(民91)，「組織網絡連結關係之選擇與改變」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。
Newman, H. H. (1973),“Strategic Groups and the Structure- Performance Relationship,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge.
Newman, H. H. (1978),“Strategic Groups and the Structure-Performance Relationship,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.60, pp.417-427.
Oliver, C. (1988), “The Collective Strategy Framework: An Application to Competing Predictions of Isomorphism,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.33, pp.543-561.
Oster, S.(1982),“Intraindustry Structure and the Ease of Strategic Change,” Review of Economics and statistics,Vol.64,pp.376-383.
Patton, G. (1976), “A Simultaneous Equation Model of Corporate Strategy: the Case of the U.S Brewing Industry,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette.
Penrose, E. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, New York: Wiley and Sons.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993), “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource Based View,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.179-191.
Pfeffer, J., and Salancik, G.R. (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, New York: Harper and Row.
Porac, J. and Thomas, H. (1987), “Strategic Groups and Competitive Taxonomies,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Porac, J. and Thomas, H. (1990), “Taxonomic Mental Models in Competitor Definition, ” Academy of Management Review, Vol.15, pp.224-40.
彭蕙仙(民82)，億兆傳奇，台北：商周文化事業。
Porac, J., Thomas, H. and Baden-Fuller, C. (1989), “Competitive Groups as Cognitive Communities: the Case of Scottish Knitwear Manufactures,” Journal of Management Studies, Vol.26,pp. 397-416.
Porac, J., Thomas, H. and Emme, B. (1987), “Knowing the Competition: Mental Models of Retailing Strategies,” In Johnson, G. (Ed.), Business Strategy and Retailing, New York: Wiley, pp.59-79.
Porter, M. (1979), “The Structure within Industries and Companies’ Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistice,Vol.61, pp.214-27.
Porter, M. (1985), Competitive Advantage, New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategies, New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. E. (1991), “Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.95-117.
Porter, M.(1973), “Retailer Power, Manufacturing Strategy and Performance in Consumer Goods Industries,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Boston.
Prahalad, C. K. & G. Hamel (1990), “The Core Competence of the Corporation,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.68, pp.79-81.
Priem, R. L. and Butler, J.E., (2001),“Is the Resource-Based View a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?” Academy of Management Review, Vol.26, No.1, pp.22-40.
Priemeaux, Walter J.Jr.,(1985), “A Method for Determining Strategic and Life Cycle Stages of an Industry,” In H.Thomas and D.M. Gardner(eds), Strategic Marketing and Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.
彭蕙仙(民87)，真誠、創新、卓越─異軍突起的安泰人壽，台北：安泰心文化。
Rajagopalan E. and KellyJ. (1997), “Toward a Theory of Strategic Change: A Multi-lens Perspective and Integrative Framework,” The Academy of Management Review, Vol.22,pp.48-79.
Reed, R. & R. J. Defillippi (1990), “Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review , Vol.15, pp.88-102.
Reger, R. (1988), “Competitive Positioning in the Chicago Banking Market: Mapping the Mind of the Strategist, ” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign.
Reger, R.K. and A.S. Huff (1993),“Strategic Groups: A Cognitive Perspective,” Strategic Management Journal,Vol.14,pp.103-124.
Romanelli, E. and Tushman, M.L. (1986), “Inertia, Environments, and Strategic Choice: A Quasi-experimental Design for Comparative-Longitudinal Research,” Management Science, Vol.32, pp.608-621.
Rouse, M. J. and Daellenbach, U. S.(1999),“Rethinking Research Methods for the Resource-Based Perspective: Isolating Sources of Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.20, pp.487-494.
Rumelt, R. (1984), “Towards a strategic theory of the firm,” In R. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive Strategic Management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall, pp.556-570.
Ryans, A. and Wittink, D. (1986), “Security Returns as a Basis for Estimating and the Competitive Structure in an Industry,” In Thomas, H. and Gardner, D. (Eds.), Strategic Marketing and Management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Schendel, D. and Patton, G. (1978), “A Simultaneous Equation Model of Corporate Strategy,” Management Science, Vol.24, pp.1611-21.
Schendel, D.E. and Hofer, C.W. (1979), Strategic Management: A New View of Business Policy and Planning, Boston,MA: Little, Brown and Company.
黃正宗(民87)，「南山人壽保險股份有限公司」，國立政治大學商學院服務管理個案集。
Schoemaker,P.H.(1992), “How to Link Strategic Vision to Core Capabilities,” Sloan Management Review,Vol.22, pp.61-87.
Scott, W. R. (1987b), “The Adolescence of Institutional theory,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.32, pp.493-511.
Scott, W.R. (1987a), Organations Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hill, Inc.
Selznick,P. (1957), Leadership in Administration, New York: Row, Peterson and Company.
Singh, J. V., House, R. J., and Tucker, D.J. (1986), “Organizational Change and Organizational Mortality,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31, pp.587-611.
Singh, J.V. and Lumsden, C. J. (1990), “Theory and Research in Organizational Ecology,” Annual Review Sociology, Vol.16, pp.161-195.
Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J., and House, R.J. (1986), “Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31, pp.171-193.
Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J., and Meingard, A. (1988), “Are Voluntary Organizations Structurally Inert? Exploring an Assumption in Organizational Ecology,” Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
Snow, C. C. & R. E. Miles (1983), “The Role of Strategy in the Development of a General Theory if Organizations,” In R. Lamb (Ed.), Advances in Strategic Management, Vol.2, pp.231-259.
Stalk, G., Evans, P., and Shulman, L. E. (1992),“Competing on Capabilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 70(2), pp.57-69.
黃俊英(民80)，行銷研究─管理與技術，台北：華泰書局。
Strauss,A. and Corbin,J.(1990), Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, CA : Sage Publications,Inc.
Tampoe, M. (1994), “Exploiting the Core Competence of your Organization,” Long Range Planing , Vol.27, pp.66-77.
Tang, M. and H. Thomas(1992),“The Concept of Strategic Groups: Theoretical Construct or Analytical Convenience,” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.13,pp.323-329.
Thomas, H. and N. Venkatraman (1988),“Research on Strategic Groups: Progress and Prognosis,” Journal of Management Studies, 25:6,pp.537-555.
Thompson, J.D. (1967). Organizations in Action, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tichy, N.M.(1993), “Revolutionize Your Company,” Fortune, Vol.128, pp.114-128.
Tidd,J. and Trewhella, M. J.(1997), “Organizational and Technological Antecedents for Knowledge Acquisition and Learning,” R&D Management, Vol.27, pp. 359-375.
Towner, S. J., (1994), “Four Ways to Accelerate New Product Development,” Long Range Planing, Vol.27, pp.57-65.
Tushman, M.L. and Romanelli E.(1985), “Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation,” Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol.7, pp.171-222.
Ulrich, D. & D. Lake (1991), “Organizational Capability: Creating Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Executive, Vol.5, pp.77-92.
楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢和李亦園(民79)，社會及行為科學研究方法，第三版，台北：東華書局。
Van de Ven, A.H., and Astley, W.G. (1981),“Mapping the Field to Create a Dynamic Perspective on Organization Design and Behavior,” in Van De Ven, A.H. and Joyce, W.F, Perspectives on Organization Desigh and Behavior, New York: Wiley Interscience, pp.427-468.
描述 博士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
86355506
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0086355506
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 司徒達賢<br>于卓民zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor <br>en_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 張馥芳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Fu-Fang Changen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張馥芳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Fu-Fang Changen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-九月-2009 16:40:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-九月-2009 16:40:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-九月-2009 16:40:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0086355506en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29816-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 86355506zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究運用組織調適理論與資源基礎的觀點，探討影響臺灣地區人壽保險公司在策略群組間移動的因素，期望對於策略群組的理論有所貢獻。
     策略群組歸屬的變化與穩定分析為本研究理論上最重要之特色，為建構本研究所主張之群組歸屬之變化與穩定程度並提出相關假設，除透過文獻研究外，且經由實務個案之觀察與訪談，將二者之推論加以綜合以形成研究假設。
     為驗證假說與推論，本研究選取人壽保險公司在過去四十年間的策略變化作為策略群組歸屬與穩定程度的實證對象，共收集到90份樣本，作為進行相關統計分析推論之依據。由於此產業在台灣的歷史悠久，且在此期間有分階段的市場開放，可以完整切割產業期間，適合本研究之進行。根據實證結果發現，本研究所提出的三個主假設中，資源與組織壓力獲得支持，組織慣性未獲支持。
     由於本研究對影響策略群組穩定程度的分析涵蓋資源基礎組織調適理論與組織慣性理論，因此欲瞭解不同理論構念對於策略群組的穩定程度的解釋能力如何，本研究進一步彙整比較不同模型的McFadden R2。
     研究結果顯示，整體而言，除了組織慣性之外，其餘不論是由資源基礎或組織調適理論之觀點對策略群組穩定程度之解釋力皆具有相當之水準，表示此兩種理論於探討影響策略群組的穩定程度之因素有同等之重要性。這項結果亦說明傳統上由資源基礎的觀點解釋群組的穩定，學者傾向於觀察公司所具有的「資源」，其實應與「組織壓力」相互呼應。
     
     關鍵字：人壽保險業、資源基礎觀點、組織調適、組織壓力、組織慣性、策略群組之歸屬、策略群組之穩定程度		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………....1
     第一節 研究背景與研究動機 4
     第二節 研究問題與研究目的 8
     第三節 研究對象與研究限制………………………………………10
     第四節 本論文的結構與研究程序………………………………....13
     第二章 文獻探討與理論架構的建立 16
     第一節 策略群組的定義與相關研究 17
     第二節 資源基礎理論的定義與相關研究 35
     第三節 組織壓力與組織慣性 47
     第四節 績效 57
     第五節 文獻綜合分析與本研究理論性架構之建立 59
     第三章 產業特性與個案分析 63
     第一節 人壽保險產業特性 63
     第二節 個案研究方法 71
     第三節 個案說明 .74
     第四節 個案綜合分析 .98
     
     第四章 研究架構與研究方法 102
     第一節 研究架構的建立 .102
     第二節 研究假說 108
     第三節 研究變項定義與問卷設計 115
     第四節 抽樣設計與資料蒐集 120
     第五節 質性分析方法 121
     第六節 資料分析方法 129
     第五章 分析結果 .133
     第一節 問卷描述 .133
     第二節 問卷之信度與效度分析 140
     第三節 不同策略群組所採行策略的基本分析 145
     第四節 影響策略群組歸屬的實證分析 157
     第五節 影響策略群組穩定程度的實證分析 182
     第六章 研究結論與建議 203
     第一節 研究結論 203
     第二節 理論與管理涵義 206
     第三節 後續研究建議 212
     
     參考文獻 …………………………………………………………….. 215
     附錄 問卷……………………………………………………… …… 227
     
     
     
     
     表目錄
     
     表2-1-1： 各學者對策略群組之定義……………..………………………… 19
     表2-1-2： 移動障礙之相關論點………………………………...................... 21
     表2-1-3： 策略群組動態之實證文獻……………………………………….. 32
     表2-2-1： 資源的相似名詞及其定義……………………………………….. 41
     表2-2-2： 資源基礎理論之相關研究彙整………………………………….. 43
     表3-3-1： D公司股權沿革表…………….…………………......................... 87
     表3-4-1： 個案比較分析彙總……………………………………………….. 99
     表3-4-2： 民國91年個案公司績效比較…………………………………… 100
     表3-4-3： 策略改變力量之解析…………………………………………….. 101
     表4-1-1： 本研究架構之主要引用文獻…………………………………….. 105
     表4-1-2： 本研究與主要文獻之比較……………………………………….. 107
     表4-3-1： 各研究變數之衡量方式………………………………………….. 119
     表4-5-1： 質性分析：穩定策略期間的劃分…….………………………… 124
     表4-5-2： 策略群組變化的分群構面……………………………………….. 126
     表4-5-3： 分群變數之衡量方式…………………………………………….. 128
     表4-6-1： 研究變數之預期方向…………….………………………………. 130
     附表4-1： 壽險公司一覽表………………………………………………….. 132
     表5-1-1： 問卷發放與回收統計表………………………………………….. 134
     表5-1-2： 壽險公司型態…………………………………………………….. 135
     表5-1-3： 樣本公司之成立時間分析……………………………………….. 135
     表5-1-4： 壽險公司資產規模統計表……………………………………….. 136
     表5-1-5： 壽險公司(民國90年)初年度保費收入統計表………………….. 137
     表5-1-5： 壽險公司保費收入及市場佔有率統計表(90年)………………... 138
     表5-1-6： 壽險公司新契約保費收入市場佔有率之滿意程度…………….. 139
     表5-1-7： 壽險公司保單繼續率之滿意程度……………………………….. 139
     表5-2-1： 研究變項之信度分析彙總表…………………………………….. 141
     表5-2-2： 衡量構面之因素結構與因素負荷量…………………………….. 143
     表5-3-1： 分群構面之相關矩陣…………………………………………….. 146
     表5-3-2： 分群策略構面之KMO和Bartlett’s Test………………………… 148
     表5-3-3： 策略構面整體解釋的變異……………………………………….. 148
     表5-3-4： 策略分群構面的因素結構及因素負荷量……………………….. 149
     表5-3-5： 分群結果………………………………………………………….. 150
     表5-3-6： 以因素分數分群的變異數分析………………………………….. 151
     表5-3-7： 以因素分數分群的多變量變異數分析………………………….. 151
     表5-3-8： 歸屬到不同期間的分群結果…………………………………….. 151
     表5-3-9： 將廠商歸屬到不同期間的分群結果…………………………….. 154
     表5-3-10： 換群與否之廠商在績效各因素敘述統計分析………………….. 154
     表5-3-11： 換群與否之廠商在績效各因素的統計推論分析……………….. 155
     表5-3-12： 不同群績效的變異數分析……………………………………….. 155
     表5-3-13： 換群與否之廠商在績效各因素的統計推論分析……………….. 156
     表5-4-1： 換群與否之廠商在資源各因素敘述統計分析………………….. 158
     表5-4-2： 換群與否之廠商在資源各因素的統計推論分析……………….. 159
     表5-4-3： 換群與否之廠商在外部組織壓力敘述統計分析……………….. 160
     表5-4-4： 換群與否之廠商在外部組織壓力各因素的統計推論分析…….. 161
     表5-4-5： 換群與否之廠商在內部組織壓力各因素敘述統計分析……….. 162
     表5-4-6： 換群與否之廠商在內部組織壓力各因素的統計推論分析…….. 162
     表5-4-7： 換群與否之廠商在結構慣性敘述統計分析…………………….. 163
     表5-4-8： 換群與否之廠商在結構慣性的統計推論分析………………….. 163
     表5-4-9： 換群與否之廠商在規模慣性各因素敘述統計分析…………….. 164
     表5-4-10： 換群與否之廠商在規模慣性各因素的統計推論分析………….. 165
     表5-4-11： 換群與否之廠商在專屬慣性各因素敘述統計分析…………….. 165
     表5-4-12： 換群與否之廠商在專屬慣性各因素的統計推論分析………….. 166
     表5-4-13： 換群與否之廠商在文化慣性敘述統計分析…………………….. 167
     表5-4-14： 換群與否之廠商在文化慣性的統計推論分析………………….. 167
     表5-4-15： 自變數之相關係數矩陣………………………………………….. 169
     表5-4-16： 預測廠商換群與否之羅吉斯模型Binay xtreme Value分析……. 172
     表5-4-17： 改變群組歸屬的樣本描述……………………………………….. 174
     表5-4-18： 資源高低之廠商在所有研究變數之敘述統計量……………….. 176
     表5-4-19： 資源高低之廠商在所有研究變數之推論統計量……………….. 177
     表5-4-20： 依變群與資源豐富程度將58個樣本分類……………………… 179
     表5-4-21： A與B在績效的敘述統計量…………………………………….. 179
     表5-4-22： A與B在績效的推論統計量…………………………………….. 180
     表5-4-23： C與D在績效的敘述統計量…………………………………….. 180
     表5-4-24： C與D在績效的推論統計量…………………………………….. 181
     表5-5-1： 穩定與否之廠商在資源各因素敘述統計分析………………...... 183
     表5-5-2： 穩定與否之廠商在資源各因素的統計推論分析……………….. 184
     表5-5-3： 穩定與否之廠商在外部組織壓力敘述統計分析……………….. 185
     表5-5-4： 穩定與否之廠商在外部組織壓力的統計推論分析…………….. 186
     表5-5-5： 穩定與否之廠商在內部組織壓力各因素敘述統計…………….. 187
     表5-5-6： 穩定與否之廠商在內部組織壓力的統計推論分析…………….. 187
     表5-5-7： 穩定與否之廠商在結構慣性敘述統計分析…………………….. 188
     表5-5-8： 穩定與否之廠商在結構慣性的統計推論分析………………….. 188
     表5-5-9： 穩定與否之廠商在規模慣性各因素敘述統計分析…………….. 189
     表5-5-10： 穩定與否之廠商在規模慣性各因素的統計推論分析………….. 190
     表5-5-11： 穩定與否之廠商在專屬慣性各因素敘述統計分析…………….. 190
     表5-5-12： 穩定與否之廠商在專屬慣性各因素的統計推論分析………….. 191
     表5-5-13： 穩定與否之廠商在文化慣性敘述統計分析…………………….. 191
     表5-5-14： 穩定與否之廠商在文化慣性的統計推論分析………………….. 192
     表5-5-15： 自變數之相關係數矩陣………………………………………….. 194
     表5-5-16： 預測廠商穩定與否之羅吉斯模型Binay xtreme Value分析…… 197
     表5-5-17： 研究假設檢定結果彙總表……………………………………….. 202
     
     
     圖目錄
     圖1-4-1： 本研究流程圖…………………………………………………….. 14
     圖2-5-1： 本研究之理論架構(一)…………………………………………… 62
     圖2-5-2： 本研究之理論架構(二)…………………………………………… 62
     圖3-1-1： 壽險業產業價值鏈(歸類式)……………………………………… 67
     圖3-1-2： 壽險業產業價值鏈(細分式)……………………………………… 67
     圖4-1-1： 本研究之研究架構(一)…………………………………………… 104
     圖4-1-2： 本研究之研究架構(二)…………………………………………… 104
     圖4-2-1： 假說一推論圖…………………………………………………….. 109
     圖4-2-2： 假說二推論圖…………………………………………………….. 111
     圖4-2-3： 假說三推論圖…………………………………………………….. 114
     圖4-5-1： 策略群組的分群方式概念圖…………………………………….. 125
     圖4-6-1： 統計分析方法…………………………………………………….. 131
     圖5-3-1： 群組移動圖……………………………………………………….. 153		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0086355506en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 策略群組zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織壓力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織慣性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 廠商在策略群組間移動之研究--以台灣地區人壽保險業為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王文靜(民82)，南山人壽蛻變之路，台北：商周文化事業。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 司徒達賢(民84)，策略管理，台北：遠流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 司徒達賢(民90)，策略管理新論，台北：智勝出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江幸鴻(民88)，「動態策略群組結構、競爭重定位與經營績效之研究之研究」，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳思華(民85)，策略九說：策略思考的本質，台北：麥田出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李仁芳(民83)，「企業如何掌握競爭優勢」，世界經理文摘，第89期，頁18-63。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李家泉(民84)，「壽險業務經營特質與自由化，國際化之影響分析」，保險專刊，第42輯，頁1-18。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林建煌(民78)，「策略群組、組織作為與績效關係之研究」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林晉寬(民84)，「從資源基礎理論探討資源特性與成長策略之關係」，政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林清山(民81)，心理與教育統計學，台北市：東華書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Venkatraman, N. (1989), “The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.14, pp.423-444.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vicente-Lorente, J. D. (2001), “Specificity and Opacity as Resource-Based Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence for Spanish Manufacturing Firms,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.22, pp.157-177.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weick, K.E. (1979), The Social Psychology of Organiaing, Resding, MA: Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wernferfelt, B. (1984),“A Resource-Based View of the Firm,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, pp.171-180.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williamson, O. E. (1975), Markets and Hierarchies, New York : Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zajac, E.J. and Kraatz, M.S. (1993), “A Diametric Forces Model of Strategic Change: Assessing the Antecedents and Consequences of Restruring in the Higher Education Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.83-102.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zucker, L. (1987), “Institutional Theories of Organization,” Annual Review of sociology, Vol.13, pp.443-464.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉宗其、李勝祥(民87)，「組織文化與組織氣候對市場資訊處理及績效之影響」，企業管理學報，第43期。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭仁偉(民84)，「組織自主改變、組織慣性與改變績效的關係」，臺灣大學商學研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱皓正(民91)，量化研究與統計分析，台北：五南圖書公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huff, A.S.Huff J.O.and Thomas H.(1994), “The Dynamics of Strategic Change,” In H. Daems and H. Thomas(Eds), Strategic Groups, Strategic Moves and Performance (pp.31-62), Oxford:Pergamon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 司徒達賢、彭金隆(民89)，「我國人壽保險產業經營策略分析─策略矩陣分析法之運用」，第六屆服務管理研討會，頁247-273。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 貳、英文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aaker, D. A. (1984), Strategic Market Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aaker, D.A. (1989), “Managing Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” California Management Review, Vol.24, pp.97-106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aaker, D.A.(1995), Strategic Market Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aldrich,H.(1979), Organizations and Environments, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allison, P.D.(1984), Event History Analysis-Regression for Longitudinal Event Data ,New York:McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amburgey, T.L., and Miner, A.S. (1992),“Strategic Momentum: The effects of Repetitive, Positional and Contextual Momentum on Merger Activity,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.335-348.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amit, R. & P. J. H. Shoemaker (1993), “Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.33-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrews, K. (1980), The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Resding, MA: Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huff, J. O., and Stuart A.(1995), “Stress, Inertia, Opportunity and Competitive Position: A SIOP Model of Strategic Change in the Pharmaceuticals Industry,” Academy of Management Journal, Best Papers Proceedings, pp.22-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ansoff, H.I.(1965), Corporate Strategy, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ansoff, H.I., and McDonnell, E.J. (1990), Implanting Strategic Management (2 n d ed.). London: Prentice Hall international Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Astley, W. G. (1984), “Toward an Appreciation of Collective Strategy,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.9, No.3, pp.526-535.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Astley, W. G., and Van De Ven, A.H. (1983), “Central Perspectives and Debates in Organization Theory,” Administrative Science Quartly, Vol.28, pp.245-276.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bain, E. (1959), Industrial Organization, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baird, I. and Sudharshan, D (1983), “Strategic Groups: A Three-Mode Factor Analysis of Some Measures of Financial Risk,” Working paper 931,Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Illinois, Champaign.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barlett, C.A. and Ghoshal, S. (1994), “Global Strategy Management: Impact on the New Forntiers of Strategy Research,” Strategic Management Journal,Vol.15,pp.179-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barney, J. B. (1986), “Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy,” Management Science, Vol.42, pp.1231-1241.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barney, J. B. (1991), “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17, pp.99-120.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barney, J. B. and R.E. Hoskisson (1990),“Strategic Groups: Untested Assertions and Research Proposals,” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.11, pp. 187-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hunt, M. (1972), “Competition in the Major Home Appliance Industry 1960-1970,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Boston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barney, J. B., (2001), “Is the Resource-Based View a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research? Yes,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.26, No.1, pp.41-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baum, J. A. C., and Oliver, C. (1991), “Institutional Linkages and Organizational Morality,” Adminstrative Science Quarterly, Vol.36, pp.187-218.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baum, J.A.C.(1990), “Inertial and Adaption Patterns in the Dynamics of Organizational Change,” Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, pp.165-169.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Black, J. A. and Boal, K. B(1994), “Strategic Resources: Traits, Configurations and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, pp.131-148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bogner, W. C. and H. Thomas (1993),“The Role of Competitive Groups in Strategy Formulation: A Dynamic Integration of Two Competing Models,” Journal of Management Studies,Vol.30:1,pp.51-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bogner, W. C., H. Thomas and J. McGee (1996),“A Longitudinal Study of the Competitive Positions and Entry Paths of European Firms in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Market,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, pp.85-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bogner, W.C., Mahoney, J. T. and Thomas, H. (1993), “Patterns and Similarity Strategic Group and Resource-based Research in Strategic Management,” Working Paper, Univerity of Illinois.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bourgeois,Ⅲ. L.J.(1981), “On The Measurement of Organization Slack,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.6, pp.29-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boyle, R.D., Desai V., and Harsha B.(1991), “Turnaround Strategies for Small Firms,” Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.29, pp.33-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carroll, G. R. (1984), “Dynamics of Publisher Succession in Newspaper Organizations,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.29, pp.93-113.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Itami, H. (1987), Mobilizing Invisible Assets, Cambrige, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Caves, R. E. and M. E. Porter.(1977).“From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.91, pp.241-261.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Caves, R. E. and Pankaj Ghemat (1992), “Identifying Mobility Barriers,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.1-12.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chakravarthy, B. S. (1982). “Adaptation: A Promising Metaphor for Strategic Management,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.7, pp.35-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chandler, A.D (1990), Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chandler, A.D. (1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chatterjee, S. & B. Wernerfelt (1991), “The Link Between Resources and Type of Diversification: Theory and Evidence,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.33-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Child, J. (1972). “Organization Structure, Environment and Performance: The Role of Strategic Choice,” Sociology, Vol.6, pp.1-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chrisman, J. J., Bauerschmidt, A. and Hofer, C. W. (Fall, 1998). “The Determinants of New Venture Performance: An Extended Model,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, pp.5-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Churchill, G.A.(1979), “A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs,” Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.14, pp.64-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collis, D. J. & C. A. Montgomery (1995), “Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.73, pp.118-128.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kast, F.E. and Rosenzweig, J.E. (1974), Organization and management: A system approach (2 n d ed), New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collis, D.J.& J.B.Barney (1991), “A Resource-based Analysis of Global Competition: The Case of the Bearings Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.49-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conner, K. R., (1991), “A Historical Comparison of Resource-based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm?” Journal of Management, Vol.17, Iss.1, pp.121-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cool, K (1985), “Strategic Group Formulation and Strategic Group Shift: A Longitudinal Analysis of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, 1967- 1982,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cool, K. and I. Dierickx (1993), “Rivalry, Strategic Groups and Firm Profitability,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.47-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cool, K. O. and D. Schendel (1987),“Strategic Group Formation and Performance: The Case of the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, 1963-1982,” Management Science, Vol.33, No.9, pp.1102-1124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cox, D.R. and D. Oakes(1984), Analysis of Survival Data, London: Chapman and Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coyne, K. P., (Jan/Feb., 1986), “Sustained Competitive Advantage: What it is and What it isn’t,” Business Horizons,Vol,25, pp.54-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cyert, R. M., and March, J.G. (1963), A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dess, G. & D. Beard (1984), “Dimensions of Organizational Task Environments,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.29, pp.52-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dess, G. G.and P.S. Davis(1984),“Porter’s (1980) Generic Strategies as Determinants of Strategic Group Membership and Organizational Performance”, Academy of Management Journal,Vol.27,No.3,pp.467-488.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kay, J.(1993), “The Structure of Strategy,” Business Strategy Review, Vol.4, pp.17-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dierickx, I. & Cool K. (1989), “Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage,” Management Science, Vol.35, pp.1504-1511.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DiMaggio, P., and Powell, W. (1983), “The Iron Cage Revisited: Stitutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” American Sociological Review, Vol.48, pp.147-160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duncan, R. B (1972), “Characteristics of Organizational Environments and Perceived Environment Uncertainty,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.17, pp.313-327.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dutton, J. and Duncan, R.B.(1987), “The Creation of Momentum for Change through the Process of Strategic Issue Diagnosis,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.8,pp.279-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dutton, J. and Jackson, S. (1987), “Categorizing Strategic Issues: Links to Organizational Action,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.12, pp.76-90.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenhardt, K. M. and Martin, J. A. (2000),“Dynamic Capabilities: What Are They?” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21, pp.1105-1121.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fiegenbaum, A. (1987),“Dynamic Aspects of Strategic Groups and Competitive Strategy: Concepts and Empirical Examination in the Insurance Industry,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fiegenbaum, A. and H. Thomas (1990),“Strategic Groups and Performance: The U.S. Insurance Industry, 1970-84,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, pp.197-215.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fiol,C.M.(1991), “Management Culture as a Competitive Resource: An Identity- Based View of Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, Vol.17,pp.191-211.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fombrun, C. J. and E. J. Zajac (1987),“Structural and Perceptual Influences on Intraindustry Stratification,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.30, No.1, pp.33-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keats, B.W., and Hitt, M.A. (1988), “A Causal Model of Linkages among Environmental Dimensions, Macro Organizational Characteristics, and Performance,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.31, No.3, pp.570-598.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fombrun, C.J., and Ginsberg, A. (1990), “Shifting Gears: Enabling Change in Corporate Aggressiveness,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, pp.297-308.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ginsberg, A., and Buchholtz, A. (1990), “Converting to For-Profit Status: Corporate Responsiveness to Radical Change,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.33, No.3, pp.445-477.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grant, R. M. (1991), “The Resource Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implication for Strategy Formulation,” California Management Review, Vol.33, pp.114-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenbaum, T.L.(1993), The Handbook for Focus Group Research, N.Y.: Lexington Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gresov, C., Haveman, A.H. and Oliva, A.T. (1993), “Organization Design, Inertia and the Dynamics of Competitive Response,” Organization Science,Vol.4, No.2, pp.181-208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hall, R. (1992), “The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resource,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.13, pp.135-144.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994), “Competing For the Future,”Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1977), “The Population Ecology of Organizations,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol.8, pp.929-964.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1984), “Structural Inertia and Organizational Change,” American Sociololgical Review, Vol.49, pp.149-164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hannan, M.T., and Freeman, J. (1989), “Organizational Ecology, ” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kelly, D., and Amburgey, T.L. (1991), “Organizational Inertia and Momentum: A Dynamic Model of Strategic Change,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.34, pp.591-612.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harrigan, K. R.(1985),“An Application of Clustering for Strategic Group Analysis,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.6, pp.55-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatten, K. and Schendel, D. (1977), “Heterogeneity within an Industry: Firm Conduct in the U.S Brewing Industry,” Journal of industrial Economics, Vol.26. pp. 97-113.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatten, K. J. and M. L. Hatten (1987),“Strategic Groups, Asymmetrical Mobility Barriers and Contestability,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.8, pp. 329- 342.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatten, K. J.(1974), Strategic Models in the Brewing Industry,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hatten, K. J., D. E. Schendel, and A. C. Cooper (1978),“A strategic Model of the U.S. Brewing Industry: 1952-1971,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.21, No.4, pp.592-610.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haveman, H.A. (1993), “Organizational Size and Change: Diversification in the Saving and Loan Industry after Deregulation,” Administrative Science Quarterly,Vol.34, pp.20-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hedberg, B.L.T., Nystrom, P.C., and Starbuck, W.H. (1976),“Camping on Seesaws: Prescriptions for a Self-Designing Organization,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.21, pp.41-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hergert, Michael (1987), “Causes and Consequences of Strategic Grouping in U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol.18,pp.187-221.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein, J.A., Edge, G.M., and Kass, T. (1991), “Skill-Base Competition,” Journal of General Management, Vol.16, pp.1-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kotler, P. (2000), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐子婷(民89)，膽大包天─安泰百變CEO潘燊昌傳奇，台北：天下文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kumar, K. R., H. Thomas and A. Fiegenbaum (1990),“Strategic Groupings as Competitive Benchmarks for Formulating Future Competitive Strategy: A Modelling Approach” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.11, pp. 99- 109.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lawless, M.W., D.D. Bergh, and W.D.Wilsted (1989), “Performance Variations Among Strategic Group Members: An Examination Of Individual Firm Capability,” Journal of Management,Vol.18, pp.649-661.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lawless, Michael W. & Linda K. Finch (1989), “Choice and Determinism: A Test Of Hrebiniak and Joyce’s Framework On Strategy-Environment Fit,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, pp.351-365.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lippman, S. A. and Rumelt, P. R. (1982), “Uncertain Imitability: Analysis of Interfirm Differences if Efficiency Under Competition,” Bell Journal of Economics, Vol.13, pp.418-438.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maijoor, S. and Witteloostuijn, A. V.(1996), “An Empirical Test of the Resource- Based Theory: Strategic Regulation in the Dutch Audit Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.19, pp.549-569.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Makadok, R. (2001), “Towards a Synthesis of the Resource-Based and Dynamic- Capability Views of Rent Creation,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.22, pp.378-401.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mascarenhas, B. and D. A. Aaker (1989),“Mobility Barriers and Strategic Groups,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, pp.475-785.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McEvily, S. K., Das, S. and McCabe, K. (2000), “Avoiding Competence Substitution Through Knowledge Sharing,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.25, No.2, pp.294-311.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGee, J. (1985),“Strategic Group Analysis and Strategic Management: Patterns and Trends in Existing Studies,” In Thomas H. and Gardner D. (Eds.), Strategic Management and Marketing. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGee, J. and H. Thomas (1986),“Strategic Groups: Theory, Research and Taxonomy”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.7, pp.141-160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 高淑芬，(民82)，「資源特性與合作策略關連之研究- 以資源基礎觀點」，中興大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Merton, R.K. (1957), Social Theory and Social Structure, Glencoe, IL: Free press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meyer, J.W., and Rowan, B. (1977), “Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,” American Journal of Sociology, Vol.83, pp.340-363.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miles, R. E. & C. C. Snow (1978), Organization Strategy, Structure And Process, NY: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miller, D. & P. H. Friesen (1982), “Innovation in Conservative and Entrepreneurial Firms: Two Models of Strategic Momentum,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.3, pp.1-25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miller, D., and Friesen, P.H. (1980), “Momentum and Revolution in Organizational Adaptation,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.23, No.4, pp.591-614.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Montgomery, C.A. and Hariharan, S.(1991), “Diversified Expansion by Large Established,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol.15, pp.71-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Montgomery, C.A. and Wernerfelt, B.(1988), “Diversification, Recardian Rents, and Tobin’s q,” RAND Journal of Economics, Vol.19, pp.623-632.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) N.Venkatraman and Vasudevan Ramanujam (1986), “Measurement of Business Performance in Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approaches,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.11, No.4,pp.158-184.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nachmias, C. and D. Nachmias(1996), Research Methods in the Social Science, 5th ed. London: Cooper.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelson, R.R., and Winter, S.G. (1982), “An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change,” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭金隆(民91)，「組織網絡連結關係之選擇與改變」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Newman, H. H. (1973),“Strategic Groups and the Structure- Performance Relationship,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Newman, H. H. (1978),“Strategic Groups and the Structure-Performance Relationship,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.60, pp.417-427.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oliver, C. (1988), “The Collective Strategy Framework: An Application to Competing Predictions of Isomorphism,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.33, pp.543-561.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oster, S.(1982),“Intraindustry Structure and the Ease of Strategic Change,” Review of Economics and statistics,Vol.64,pp.376-383.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Patton, G. (1976), “A Simultaneous Equation Model of Corporate Strategy: the Case of the U.S Brewing Industry,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Penrose, E. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, New York: Wiley and Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Peteraf, M. A. (1993), “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource Based View,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, pp.179-191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pfeffer, J., and Salancik, G.R. (1978), The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective, New York: Harper and Row.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porac, J. and Thomas, H. (1987), “Strategic Groups and Competitive Taxonomies,” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, New Orleans, Louisiana.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porac, J. and Thomas, H. (1990), “Taxonomic Mental Models in Competitor Definition, ” Academy of Management Review, Vol.15, pp.224-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭蕙仙(民82)，億兆傳奇，台北：商周文化事業。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porac, J., Thomas, H. and Baden-Fuller, C. (1989), “Competitive Groups as Cognitive Communities: the Case of Scottish Knitwear Manufactures,” Journal of Management Studies, Vol.26,pp. 397-416.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porac, J., Thomas, H. and Emme, B. (1987), “Knowing the Competition: Mental Models of Retailing Strategies,” In Johnson, G. (Ed.), Business Strategy and Retailing, New York: Wiley, pp.59-79.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. (1979), “The Structure within Industries and Companies’ Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistice,Vol.61, pp.214-27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. (1985), Competitive Advantage, New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E. (1980), Competitive Strategies, New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E. (1991), “Towards a Dynamic Theory of Strategy,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.95-117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M.(1973), “Retailer Power, Manufacturing Strategy and Performance in Consumer Goods Industries,” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Boston.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prahalad, C. K. & G. Hamel (1990), “The Core Competence of the Corporation,” Harvard Business Review, Vol.68, pp.79-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Priem, R. L. and Butler, J.E., (2001),“Is the Resource-Based View a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research?” Academy of Management Review, Vol.26, No.1, pp.22-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Priemeaux, Walter J.Jr.,(1985), “A Method for Determining Strategic and Life Cycle Stages of an Industry,” In H.Thomas and D.M. Gardner(eds), Strategic Marketing and Management, New York: John Wiley and Sons Incorporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭蕙仙(民87)，真誠、創新、卓越─異軍突起的安泰人壽，台北：安泰心文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rajagopalan E. and KellyJ. (1997), “Toward a Theory of Strategic Change: A Multi-lens Perspective and Integrative Framework,” The Academy of Management Review, Vol.22,pp.48-79.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reed, R. & R. J. Defillippi (1990), “Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation and Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Review , Vol.15, pp.88-102.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reger, R. (1988), “Competitive Positioning in the Chicago Banking Market: Mapping the Mind of the Strategist, ” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reger, R.K. and A.S. Huff (1993),“Strategic Groups: A Cognitive Perspective,” Strategic Management Journal,Vol.14,pp.103-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Romanelli, E. and Tushman, M.L. (1986), “Inertia, Environments, and Strategic Choice: A Quasi-experimental Design for Comparative-Longitudinal Research,” Management Science, Vol.32, pp.608-621.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rouse, M. J. and Daellenbach, U. S.(1999),“Rethinking Research Methods for the Resource-Based Perspective: Isolating Sources of Sustainable Competitive Advantage,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol.20, pp.487-494.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rumelt, R. (1984), “Towards a strategic theory of the firm,” In R. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive Strategic Management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall, pp.556-570.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryans, A. and Wittink, D. (1986), “Security Returns as a Basis for Estimating and the Competitive Structure in an Industry,” In Thomas, H. and Gardner, D. (Eds.), Strategic Marketing and Management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schendel, D. and Patton, G. (1978), “A Simultaneous Equation Model of Corporate Strategy,” Management Science, Vol.24, pp.1611-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schendel, D.E. and Hofer, C.W. (1979), Strategic Management: A New View of Business Policy and Planning, Boston,MA: Little, Brown and Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃正宗(民87)，「南山人壽保險股份有限公司」，國立政治大學商學院服務管理個案集。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schoemaker,P.H.(1992), “How to Link Strategic Vision to Core Capabilities,” Sloan Management Review,Vol.22, pp.61-87.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scott, W. R. (1987b), “The Adolescence of Institutional theory,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.32, pp.493-511.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scott, W.R. (1987a), Organations Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hill, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Selznick,P. (1957), Leadership in Administration, New York: Row, Peterson and Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singh, J. V., House, R. J., and Tucker, D.J. (1986), “Organizational Change and Organizational Mortality,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31, pp.587-611.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singh, J.V. and Lumsden, C. J. (1990), “Theory and Research in Organizational Ecology,” Annual Review Sociology, Vol.16, pp.161-195.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J., and House, R.J. (1986), “Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.31, pp.171-193.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J., and Meingard, A. (1988), “Are Voluntary Organizations Structurally Inert? Exploring an Assumption in Organizational Ecology,” Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Snow, C. C. & R. E. Miles (1983), “The Role of Strategy in the Development of a General Theory if Organizations,” In R. Lamb (Ed.), Advances in Strategic Management, Vol.2, pp.231-259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stalk, G., Evans, P., and Shulman, L. E. (1992),“Competing on Capabilities: The New Rules of Corporate Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 70(2), pp.57-69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃俊英(民80)，行銷研究─管理與技術，台北：華泰書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Strauss,A. and Corbin,J.(1990), Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, CA : Sage Publications,Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tampoe, M. (1994), “Exploiting the Core Competence of your Organization,” Long Range Planing , Vol.27, pp.66-77.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tang, M. and H. Thomas(1992),“The Concept of Strategic Groups: Theoretical Construct or Analytical Convenience,” Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol.13,pp.323-329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thomas, H. and N. Venkatraman (1988),“Research on Strategic Groups: Progress and Prognosis,” Journal of Management Studies, 25:6,pp.537-555.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thompson, J.D. (1967). Organizations in Action, New York: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tichy, N.M.(1993), “Revolutionize Your Company,” Fortune, Vol.128, pp.114-128.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tidd,J. and Trewhella, M. J.(1997), “Organizational and Technological Antecedents for Knowledge Acquisition and Learning,” R&D Management, Vol.27, pp. 359-375.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Towner, S. J., (1994), “Four Ways to Accelerate New Product Development,” Long Range Planing, Vol.27, pp.57-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tushman, M.L. and Romanelli E.(1985), “Organizational Evolution: A Metamorphosis Model of Convergence and Reorientation,” Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol.7, pp.171-222.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ulrich, D. & D. Lake (1991), “Organizational Capability: Creating Competitive Advantage,” Academy of Management Executive, Vol.5, pp.77-92.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢和李亦園(民79)，社會及行為科學研究方法，第三版，台北：東華書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Van de Ven, A.H., and Astley, W.G. (1981),“Mapping the Field to Create a Dynamic Perspective on Organization Design and Behavior,” in Van De Ven, A.H. and Joyce, W.F, Perspectives on Organization Desigh and Behavior, New York: Wiley Interscience, pp.427-468.zh_TW