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題名 台灣集團企業董事會規模與獨立性決定因素之分析
作者 許書珮
貢獻者 屠美亞
許書珮
關鍵詞 董事會
集團企業
日期 2008
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 16:52:19 (UTC+8)
摘要 董事會是公司治理的重要機制,過去對於董事會的研究多著重在董事會對公司價值的影響,較少有研究解釋何種因素影響董事會結構。本研究以Linck, Netter, and Yang(2008)的研究為基礎,假設董事會的規模與獨立性是考量董事會成效的利益與運作成本間之抵換關係,為了有效回應企業所處的環境及公司特色。本研究分析集團企業內核心公司與分子公司的董事會決定因素,並以非集團企業加以對照。
      在探討集團影響前,本研究先進行所有資料董事會決定因素的時間序列混合橫斷面實證分析。實證結果顯示公司營運複雜度愈高、成長性愈低、經理人獲取私人利益的可能性愈高時,董事會的規模愈大。當家族持股比率愈高董事會規模愈小;當機構投資人持股比率愈高董事會規模愈大。董事會獨立性方面,公司總資產愈多,董事會獨立性愈低。但由於法令影響使企業年齡愈長,獨立性愈低。董事會獨立性並未反應利益與運作成本間抵換關係的影響,反而成長性愈高的企業,獨立性愈高。
      進一步研究集團影響力,本研究將所有樣本分為核心公司、子公司與非集團企業。在控制所有變數後發現非集團企業的董事會規模最大。核心公司家族持股比率愈高董事會獨立性愈低,即愈可能出現代理問題。且非集團企業的董事會獨立性最高,核心公司次之,子公司獨立性最低,顯示子公司董事會獨立性容易受到集團內核心公司或其他成員的影響,較可能出現公司治理上大股東侵害小股東權益的問題。
Corporate board is an important mechanism in corporate governance, yet there is relatively little research discussing about the determinants of board size and board independence. Our research premises that considering the benefits and costs of board functions, board size and independence are efficient response to corporate characteristics and operating environment. We use 13-year Taiwanese company data to analyze the determinants of board size and independence among core enterprises and subsidiary companies in business groups.
      The result shows that firms with more complex operations, lower growth opportunities, and greater chances to extract private benefits, tend to have larger board size. But firms with larger size have less independent directors. As the effects of the law, the older firms, the less independent directors. Besides, board independence doesn’t reflect a tradeoff between board benefits and costs. Instead, firms with higher growth opportunities have more independent boards.
      We also find that if family members have more shareholdings in core enterprises, they tend to hire less independent boards, which means core enterprises may have worse board monitoring. Besides, the proportion of independent directors is the lowest among subsidiary companies, which shows that the board in subsidiary companies is easier to be influenced or controlled by core enterprises or other members in business groups.
參考文獻 中文部分
王玉珍,(2001),「股權結構、董事會組成、資本結構與企業績效關係之研究」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
中華徵信所,(2007),「台灣地區集團企業研究」,中華徵信所企業股份有限公司, 台北市。
司徒達賢, 1980, 「台灣區關係企業經營現況與立法管理之探討」, 國立政治大學企業管理研究所。
吳建頤,(1998),「董事會規模對公司價值的影響」,國立中正大學財務金融研究所碩士論文。
吳昆皇,(1995),「上市公司董事會組成與特性對企業經營績效之關聯性研究」,台灣大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
孫秀蘭,(1996),「董事會制度與經營績效之研究」,國立台灣大學財務金融研究所碩士論文。
陳宏姿,(2001),「董監事結構與企業經營績效關聯之研究」,政治大學會計研究所碩士論文。
陳景育,(2006),「董事會獨立性之研究」,國立台北大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
許崇源、李怡宗、林宛瑩、鄭桂蕙,(2003),控制權與盈餘分配權偏離之衡量(上),貨幣觀測與信用評等。
黃鈺光,(1994),「我國上市公司董事會特性與經營績效之研究」,國立台灣大學會計研究所未出版碩士論文。
廖秀梅,(2004),「董事會結構特性與公司績效關係之研究-探討台灣家族控制企業因素的影響」,國立臺北大學會計學研究所博士論文。
廖珮婷,(2008),「何種因素造成董事會獨立性?」,國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
英文部分
Adams, R., Ferreira, D. (2007). "A Theory of Friendly Boards." The Journal of Finance, 62(1), 217
Anderson, R., Reeb, D. (2004). "Board Composition: Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms. " Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 209-237
Bacon, J. (1973) "Corporate Directorship Practices: Membership and Committees of the Board." New York: The Conference Board and American Society of Corporate Secretaries.
Bhagat, S., B. Black, (1999). "The Uncertain Relationship Between Board Composition and Firm Performance. " The Business Lawyer, 54(3), 921-963
Boone, A. L., L. Casares Field, et al. (2007). "The Determinants of Corporate Board Size and Composition: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Financial Economics 85(1): 66-101.
Coles, J. L., N. D. Daniel, et al. (2008). "Boards: Does One Size Fit All." Journal of Financial Economics 87(2): 329-356.
Dalton, D., M. Daily., A, Ellstrand, J. Johnson. (1998). "Meta-analytic Reviews of Board Composition, Leadership Structure, and Financial Performance. " Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269-290.
Easterbrook, F., D. Fiscal (1982) "Corporate Control tTransactions. " Yale Law Journal, 91, 698-737
Eisenberg, T., S. Sundgren, T. W. Wells (1998) "Larger Board Size and Decreasing Firm Value in Small Firms" Journal of Financial Economics, 48, pp35–54.
Fama, E. F. (1980). "Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. " The Journal of Political Economy, 88(2), 288.
Fama, E. F. and M. C. Jensen (1983). "Separation of Ownership and Control." Journal of Law and Economics 26(2): 301-325.
Gani, L., J. Jermias (2006). "Investigating the Effect of Board Independence on Performance Across Different Strategies*." The International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), 295.
Hermalin, B., M. Weisbach (1991). "The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance. " Financial Management, 20(4), 101.
Hermalin, B., M. Weisbach (2003). "Boards of directors as an endogenously determined institution: A survey of the economic literature. " Economic Policy Review 9(1), 7-26.
Hossain, M., S. Cahan, S., M. Adams (2000) "The Investment Opportunity Set and the Voluntary Use of Outside Directors: New Zealand Evidence. " Accounting and Business Research, 30(4), 263-273
Jaskiewicz, P. and S. Klein (2007). "The Impact of Goal Alignment on Board Composition and Board Size in Family Businesses." Journal of Business Research 60(10): 1080-1089.
Jensen, M. C. (1986). "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers." The American Economic Review 76(2): 323-329.
Jensen, M. C. (1993). "The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems." The Journal of Finance 48(3): 831-880.
Kesner, I. F. (1987). "Director`s Stock Ownership and Organizational Performance: An Investigation of Fortune 500 Companies." Journal of Management, Sage Publications, Ltd. 13: 499.
Khanna, T., J. Rivkin (1999) "Ties That Business Groups: Evidence From Chile. "Working Paper, Havard Business School, Boston, MA
Lehn, K., Patro, S., Zhao, M., (2004). "Determinants of the Size and Structure of Corporate Boards: 1935-2000. " SSRN Working Paper Series
Linck, J. S., J. M. Netter, et al. (2008). "The determinants of board structure." Journal of Financial Economics 87(2): 308-328.
Lipton, Martin, Lorsch, Jay W. (1992). "A Modest Proposal for Improved Corporate Governance. " The Business Lawyer, 48(1), 59.
Raheja, C. (2005). "Determinants of Board Size and Composition: A Theory of Corporate Boards." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(2), 283-306.
Rosenstein, S., J. Wyatt (1990) "Outside Directors, Board Independence, and Shareholder Wealth." Journal of Financial Economics 26: pp.175-191.
Schellenger, M., D. Wood, A. Tashakori (1989). "Board Of Director Composition, Shareholder Wealth, And Dividend Policy" Journal of Management, 15(3), 457.
Singh, Harbir, Harianto, Farid. (1989). "Management-board relationships, takeover risk and the adoption of golden parachutes. " Academy of Management Journal, 32(1), 7.
Strachan, H. (1976) "Family and Other Business Groups in Economic Development: The Case of Nicaragua. "New York: Praeger.
Yermack, D. (1996). "Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors." Journal of Financial Economics 40(2): 185-211.
Zahra, Shaker A., Pearce, John A., II. (1989). " Boards of Directors and Corporate Financial Performance: A Review and Integrative Model" Journal of Management, 15(2), 291.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
96355021
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096355021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 屠美亞zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許書珮zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 許書珮zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 16:52:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 16:52:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 16:52:19 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096355021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29923-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96355021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 董事會是公司治理的重要機制,過去對於董事會的研究多著重在董事會對公司價值的影響,較少有研究解釋何種因素影響董事會結構。本研究以Linck, Netter, and Yang(2008)的研究為基礎,假設董事會的規模與獨立性是考量董事會成效的利益與運作成本間之抵換關係,為了有效回應企業所處的環境及公司特色。本研究分析集團企業內核心公司與分子公司的董事會決定因素,並以非集團企業加以對照。
      在探討集團影響前,本研究先進行所有資料董事會決定因素的時間序列混合橫斷面實證分析。實證結果顯示公司營運複雜度愈高、成長性愈低、經理人獲取私人利益的可能性愈高時,董事會的規模愈大。當家族持股比率愈高董事會規模愈小;當機構投資人持股比率愈高董事會規模愈大。董事會獨立性方面,公司總資產愈多,董事會獨立性愈低。但由於法令影響使企業年齡愈長,獨立性愈低。董事會獨立性並未反應利益與運作成本間抵換關係的影響,反而成長性愈高的企業,獨立性愈高。
      進一步研究集團影響力,本研究將所有樣本分為核心公司、子公司與非集團企業。在控制所有變數後發現非集團企業的董事會規模最大。核心公司家族持股比率愈高董事會獨立性愈低,即愈可能出現代理問題。且非集團企業的董事會獨立性最高,核心公司次之,子公司獨立性最低,顯示子公司董事會獨立性容易受到集團內核心公司或其他成員的影響,較可能出現公司治理上大股東侵害小股東權益的問題。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Corporate board is an important mechanism in corporate governance, yet there is relatively little research discussing about the determinants of board size and board independence. Our research premises that considering the benefits and costs of board functions, board size and independence are efficient response to corporate characteristics and operating environment. We use 13-year Taiwanese company data to analyze the determinants of board size and independence among core enterprises and subsidiary companies in business groups.
      The result shows that firms with more complex operations, lower growth opportunities, and greater chances to extract private benefits, tend to have larger board size. But firms with larger size have less independent directors. As the effects of the law, the older firms, the less independent directors. Besides, board independence doesn’t reflect a tradeoff between board benefits and costs. Instead, firms with higher growth opportunities have more independent boards.
      We also find that if family members have more shareholdings in core enterprises, they tend to hire less independent boards, which means core enterprises may have worse board monitoring. Besides, the proportion of independent directors is the lowest among subsidiary companies, which shows that the board in subsidiary companies is easier to be influenced or controlled by core enterprises or other members in business groups.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究目的 3
     第三節 研究架構 4
     第貳章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 董事會規模 6
     第二節 董事會獨立性 8
     第三節 集團企業 11
     第参章 研究設計 14
     第一節 研究假說 14
     第二節 變數定義 18
     第三節 資料來源與樣本選取 22
     第四節 研究方法 23
     第肆章 實證結果與分析 27
     第一節 敘述性統計分析 27
     第二節 迴歸結果分析 34
     第伍章 結論與建議 45
     第一節 研究結論 45
     第二節 研究限制與後續研究建議47
     參考文獻 48
     中文部分 48
     英文部分 49
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096355021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 董事會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 集團企業zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 台灣集團企業董事會規模與獨立性決定因素之分析zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王玉珍,(2001),「股權結構、董事會組成、資本結構與企業績效關係之研究」,國立中央大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中華徵信所,(2007),「台灣地區集團企業研究」,中華徵信所企業股份有限公司, 台北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 司徒達賢, 1980, 「台灣區關係企業經營現況與立法管理之探討」, 國立政治大學企業管理研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳建頤,(1998),「董事會規模對公司價值的影響」,國立中正大學財務金融研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳昆皇,(1995),「上市公司董事會組成與特性對企業經營績效之關聯性研究」,台灣大學會計學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫秀蘭,(1996),「董事會制度與經營績效之研究」,國立台灣大學財務金融研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳宏姿,(2001),「董監事結構與企業經營績效關聯之研究」,政治大學會計研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳景育,(2006),「董事會獨立性之研究」,國立台北大學企業管理學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許崇源、李怡宗、林宛瑩、鄭桂蕙,(2003),控制權與盈餘分配權偏離之衡量(上),貨幣觀測與信用評等。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃鈺光,(1994),「我國上市公司董事會特性與經營績效之研究」,國立台灣大學會計研究所未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖秀梅,(2004),「董事會結構特性與公司績效關係之研究-探討台灣家族控制企業因素的影響」,國立臺北大學會計學研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 廖珮婷,(2008),「何種因素造成董事會獨立性?」,國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adams, R., Ferreira, D. (2007). "A Theory of Friendly Boards." The Journal of Finance, 62(1), 217zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, R., Reeb, D. (2004). "Board Composition: Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms. " Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 209-237zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bacon, J. (1973) "Corporate Directorship Practices: Membership and Committees of the Board." New York: The Conference Board and American Society of Corporate Secretaries.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhagat, S., B. Black, (1999). "The Uncertain Relationship Between Board Composition and Firm Performance. " The Business Lawyer, 54(3), 921-963zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boone, A. L., L. Casares Field, et al. (2007). "The Determinants of Corporate Board Size and Composition: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Financial Economics 85(1): 66-101.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coles, J. L., N. D. Daniel, et al. (2008). "Boards: Does One Size Fit All." Journal of Financial Economics 87(2): 329-356.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dalton, D., M. Daily., A, Ellstrand, J. Johnson. (1998). "Meta-analytic Reviews of Board Composition, Leadership Structure, and Financial Performance. " Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269-290.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easterbrook, F., D. Fiscal (1982) "Corporate Control tTransactions. " Yale Law Journal, 91, 698-737zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenberg, T., S. Sundgren, T. W. Wells (1998) "Larger Board Size and Decreasing Firm Value in Small Firms" Journal of Financial Economics, 48, pp35–54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E. F. (1980). "Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm. " The Journal of Political Economy, 88(2), 288.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E. F. and M. C. Jensen (1983). "Separation of Ownership and Control." Journal of Law and Economics 26(2): 301-325.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gani, L., J. Jermias (2006). "Investigating the Effect of Board Independence on Performance Across Different Strategies*." The International Journal of Accounting, 41(3), 295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hermalin, B., M. Weisbach (1991). "The Effects of Board Composition and Direct Incentives on Firm Performance. " Financial Management, 20(4), 101.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hermalin, B., M. Weisbach (2003). "Boards of directors as an endogenously determined institution: A survey of the economic literature. " Economic Policy Review 9(1), 7-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hossain, M., S. Cahan, S., M. Adams (2000) "The Investment Opportunity Set and the Voluntary Use of Outside Directors: New Zealand Evidence. " Accounting and Business Research, 30(4), 263-273zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jaskiewicz, P. and S. Klein (2007). "The Impact of Goal Alignment on Board Composition and Board Size in Family Businesses." Journal of Business Research 60(10): 1080-1089.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C. (1986). "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers." The American Economic Review 76(2): 323-329.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C. (1993). "The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems." The Journal of Finance 48(3): 831-880.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kesner, I. F. (1987). "Director`s Stock Ownership and Organizational Performance: An Investigation of Fortune 500 Companies." Journal of Management, Sage Publications, Ltd. 13: 499.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Khanna, T., J. Rivkin (1999) "Ties That Business Groups: Evidence From Chile. "Working Paper, Havard Business School, Boston, MAzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lehn, K., Patro, S., Zhao, M., (2004). "Determinants of the Size and Structure of Corporate Boards: 1935-2000. " SSRN Working Paper Serieszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Linck, J. S., J. M. Netter, et al. (2008). "The determinants of board structure." Journal of Financial Economics 87(2): 308-328.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipton, Martin, Lorsch, Jay W. (1992). "A Modest Proposal for Improved Corporate Governance. " The Business Lawyer, 48(1), 59.zh_TW
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