學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 政治態度對電子口碑擴散影響之研究
Study of the Influence of Political Attitudes upon the Spreading of Electronic Word-of-mouth
作者 羅彥鐘
貢獻者 賴士葆<br>林宏遠
羅彥鐘
關鍵詞 電子口碑
政治態度
電子口碑行為
日期 2006
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 17:01:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 口碑傳播向來扮演資訊傳遞與擴散等重要的角色,隨著網路使用的普及,電子口碑成為新形態的口碑傳播方式。本研究以政治議題作為主題,探討電子口碑的前因與後果。電子口碑由兩個構面組成,會受到個體本身具有的政治態度所影響;此外,電子口碑行為是電子口碑的實際體現,不同的電子口碑構面是否會採用不同的方式進行電子口碑的擴散行為?本研究欲探討電子口碑所包含的構面,接著欲證實政治態度、電子口碑與電子口碑行為三構念之間的影響關係。研究對象為關心時事與政治的網路族群,採用網路問卷,共計獲得181份有效問卷,以迴歸分析討論三構念之間的關係。
     研究結果顯示,電子口碑的構面可分為線上意見領袖與線上意見尋求;政治態度的構面則包含了外部政治效能感、內部政治效能感與政治信任。兩構念之間具有如下關係:
     1.外部政治效能感能正向影響線上意見領袖
     2.內部政治效能感能正向影響線上意見領袖
     3.政治信任能正向影響線上意見尋求
     此外,電子口碑也經證實能夠影響電子口碑行為:
     1.線上意見領袖能正向影響線上轉寄與線上交談
     2.線上意見尋求能正向影響線上轉寄與線上交談
     藉由電子口碑模式的確立,能瞭解政治議題的網路擴散效應,並提供另一個資訊傳遞與交流的新型態管道。
參考文獻 中文部分
呂傑華(民95)。新媒介使用、競選政見認知與政治信任之行動研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫編號(計畫編號:95C04022),未出版。
吳重禮、許文賓(民92)。誰是政黨認同者與獨立選民?--以二○○一年台灣地區選民政黨認同的決定因素為例。政治科學論叢,18,101-140。
吳筱玫(民92)。網路傳播概論。台北:智勝文化。
邱映慈(民88)。整合行銷傳播在選舉行銷上之運用:以1998年台北市長選舉為例。輔仁大學大眾傳播學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
周文賢(民91)。多變異統計分析SAS/STAT使用方法。台北:智勝文化。
陳文俊(民73)。台灣地區中學生的政治態度極其形成因素—青少年的政治社會化。臺北市:財團法人資訊教育推廣中心基金會。
陳憶寧(民90)。候選人負面新聞與新聞框架對政治憤世嫉俗與政治責任歸屬的影響。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(報告編號:NSC 89-2412-H-128-015)。臺北市:世新大學公共傳播系。
黃毓茹(民95)。2005年縣長與縣市議員選舉候選人網站與部落格分析。國立政治大學廣告學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。
英文部分
Abramson, P. (1983), Political attitudes in America. San Francisco: Freeman.
King, C. W., and J. O. Summers (1970), “Overlap of opinion leadership across consumer product categories,” Journal of Marketing Research, 7, 43-50.
Larsen, E., and L. Rainie (2002). “The rise of the e-citizen: How people use government agencies’ web sites.” <http://www.pewInternet.org/reports>.
Lazarsfeld, P. F., B. R. Berelson, and H. Gaudet (1944). The People’s Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.
Lin, Y., and S. Lim (2002), “Relationship of media use to political cynicism and efficacy: A preliminary study of young South Korean voters,” Asian Journal of Communication, 12, 25-39.
Mansfield, E. F. (1961), “Technical change and the rate of imitation,” Econometrica, 29, 741-766.
Melillo, W. (2000), “Digital democracy,” Brandweek, 8(21), 54-58.
Mided, J. (2002). “The Internet and the public sphere: What kind of space is cyberspace?” In Culture and technology in the new Europe, eds. Lengel L. Stamford CT: Ablex.
Midgley, D. F., and G. R. Dowling (1993), “A longitudinal study of product form innovation: the interaction between predispositions and social messages,” Journal of Consumer Reserch, 19, 611-625.
Morrell, M. E. (2003), “Survey and experimental evidence for a reliable and valid measure of internal political efficacy,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 589-602.
Morris, D. (1999). Vote.com. Los Angeles: Renaissance Books.
Rodgers, S., and Q. Chen (2005), “Internet community group participation: Psychosocial benefits for women with breast cancer,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10 (4), Article 5. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/rodgers.html.
Muhlberger, P. (2002, October). Political values and attitudes in internal political discussion: Political transformation or politics as usual? Paper presented at Euricom Colloquium: Electronic Networks and Democracy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Retrieved December 8, 2004, from <http://oase.uci.kun.nl/~jankow/Euricom/papers/Muhlberger.pdf>
Murray, K. B. (1991), “A test of services marketing theory: Consumer information acquisition activities,” Journal of Marketing, 55(1), 10-25.
Niemi, R. G., S. C. Craig, and F. Mattei (1991), “Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study,” American Political Science Review, 85, 1407-1413.
Nye, J., P. Zelikow, and D. King (1997). Why people don’t trust government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Ohanian, R. (1990), “Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers` perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness,” Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.
Parasuraman, A., L. L. Berry, and V. A. Zeithaml (1991), “Understanding customer expectations of service,” Sloan Management Review, 32(3), 39-48.
Pew Research Center (2000). “Youth vote influenced by online information: Internet election news audience seeks convenience, familiar names.” <http://www.people-press.org>. Pressman, A. (2000). “Analysis: Internet lessons for campaign 2004.” Nov. 15. <http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH>.
Phelps, J. E., R. Lewis, L. Mobilio, D. Perry, and N. Raman (2004), “Viral marketing or electronic word-of-mouth advertising: Examining consumer responses and motivations to pass along email,” Journal of Advertising Research, 45(4), 333-348.
Pinkleton, B. E., W. Austin, and K. K. Fortman (1998), “Relationships of media use and political disaffection to political efficacy and voting behavior,” Journal of Broadcasting and Eletronic Media, 42, 34-49.
Pinkleton, B., and E. Austin (2001), “Individual motivations, perceived media importance, and political disaffection,” Political Communication, 18, 321-334.
Roed, J. (2003), “Language learner behavior in a virtual environment,” Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(2-3), 155-172.
Punj, G. N., and R. Staelin (1983), “A model of consumer information search for new automobiles,” Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 366-380.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Reynolds, F. D., and W. R. Darden (1971), “Mutually adaptive effects of interpersonal communication,” Journal of Marketing Research, 6, 441-50.
Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Rice, R. E. (1987), “Computer-mediated communication and organizational innovation,” Journal of Communication, 37(4), 65-86.
Ridings, C. M., and D. Gefen (2004), “Virtual community attraction: Why people hang out online,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10 (1). http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue1/ridings_gefen.html.
Roch, C. H. (2005), ”The dual roots of opinion leadership,” The Journal of Politics, 67(1), 110
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. (2002), “Diffusion of preventive innovations,” Addictive Behaviors, 27, 989-993.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Rogers, E. M., and D. G. Cartano (1962), ”Methods of measuring opinion leadership,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 26(3), 435-441.
Rosenstone, S. J., and J. M. Hansen (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
Scheufele, D. A. (2002), “Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory behavior,” Communication Research, 29(1), 46-65.
Scheufele, D. A., and M. C. Nisbet (2002), “Being a citizen online: New opportunities and dead ends,” Harvard International Journal of Press-Politics, 7(3), 55-75.
Selnow, G. W. (1998). Electronic whistle-stops: The impact of the Internet on American politics. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Abramson, P. R., and J. H. Aldrich (1982), “The decline of electoral participation in america,” American Political Science Review, 76(3), 502-21.
Shaffer, S. (1981), “A multivariate explanation of decreasing turnout in presidential elections, 1960-1976,” American Journal of Political Science, 25(1), 68-96.
Shah, D. V., N. Kwak, and R. L. Holbert (2001), “Connecting and disconnecting with civic life: patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital,” Political Communication, 18, 141-62.
Sheth, J. N. (1971), “Word-of-mouth in low-risk innovations,” Journal of Advertising Research, 11(3), 15-18.
Sietman, R. B. (2005). Framing the 2004 presidential election: The role of media, political discussion, and opinion leaders. The Ohio State University, 214 pages; AAT 3176908.
Silverstone, R. (1999). Why study the media?. London: Sage.
Slaton, C. D., and T. L. Becker (1998). “Increasing the quality and quantity of citizen participation: New technologies and new techniques.” In engaging the public: How government and the media can reinvigorate American democracy, eds. Johnson, T. J., Hays, C. E., and Hays, S. P. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Steinfield, C. W. (1986). “Computer-mediated communication in an organizational setting: Explaining task-related and socioemotional uses.” .In Communication yearbook, Eds. Mclaughlin, M. L. Beverly Hill, CA: Sage.
Sun, T., S. Youn, G. Wu, and M. Kuntaraporn (2006), “Online word-of-mouth (or mouse): An exploration of its antecedents and consequences,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(4), http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue4/sun.html.
Tanimoto, J., and H. Fujii (2003), “A study on diffusional characteristics of information on a human network analyzed by a Multi-Agent simulator,” Social Science Journal, 40(3), 479-485.
Thurlow, C., L. Lengel, and A. Tomic (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social interaction and the Internet. London: Sage.
Agger, R. E., M. N. Goldstein, and S. A. Pearl (1961), “Political cynicism: Measuring and meaning,” Journal of Politics, 23, 447-506.
Walsh, J. P., S. Kiesler, L. S. Sproull, and B. W. Hesse (1992), “Self-selected and randomly selected respondents in a computer network survey,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 241-244.
Weimann, G. (1994). The influentials. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Wellman, B., A. Q. Haase, J. Witte, and K. Hampton (2001). “Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? social networks, participation, and community involvement.” American Behavioral Scientist, 45:436–55.
Whillock, R. K. (1997a), “Cyber-politics,” The American Behavioral Scientist, 40(8), 1208.
Whillock, R. K. (1997b), “Cyber-Politics: The online strategies of ’96,” American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 208-225.
Wilheim, A. G. (2000). Democracy in the digital age: Challenges to political life in cyberspace. New York: Routledge.
Witte, J. C., L. M. Amoroso, and P. E. N. Howard (2000), “Research methodology: Method and representation in Internet-based survey tools-mobility, community, and cultural identity in Survey2000,” Social Science Computer Review, 18(2), 179-195.
Almond, G. A., and S. Verba (1963), The civic culture. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Arndt, J. (1967), “Role of product-related conversations in diffusion of a new product ,” Journal of Marketing Research, 4(3), 291-295.
Assael, H. (1987), Consumer behavior and marketing action. (4th ed.). Boston, MA: PWS-Kent.
Balch, G. I. (1974), “Multiple Indicators in survey research: The concept of sense of political efficacy,” Political Methodology, 1(1), 1-43.
Ball-Rokeach, S. J., and M. L. DeFleur (1976), “A dependency model of mass media effects,” Communication Research, 3(3), 21.
Barthlow, D. A. (1993), Communication channels of American political elites. University of Georgia, 154 pages; AAT 9416230.
Bass, F. M. (1969), “A new product growth for model-consumer durables,” Management Science, 15, 215-227.
Bennett, W. L. (2000), “Introduction: Communication and civic engagement in comparative perspective,” Political Communication, 17(4), 307-312.
Bennett, W. L., and R. M. Entman (2001), Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bickart, B., and R. M. Schindler (2001), “Internet forum as influential sources of consumer information,” Journal of Interactive Marketing, 1(3), 31-40.
Bimber, B. (1997), “The Internet and political communication in the 1996 election season: A research note.” <http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~survey1>.
Bimber, B. (2000), “The study of information technology and civic engagement,” Political Communication, 27, 329-333.
Bockman, S., and W. Gayk (1977), “Political orientation and political ideologies,” Pacific Sociological Review, 20, 536-552.
Bristor, J. M. (1990), “Enhanced explanations of word of mouth communications: The power of relationships,” Research in Consumer Behavior, 4, 51-83.
Brown, J. J., and P. H. Reingen (1987), “Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 350-362.
Bucy, E. P., and K. S. Gregson (2001), “Media participation: a legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy,” New Media and Society, 3, 359-382.
Bucy, E. P., P. D’Angelo, and J. E. Newhagen (1999). “The engaged electorate: New media use as political participation.” In the electronic election: Perspectives on 1996 campaign communication, eds. Kaid, L. L., and Bystrom, D. G. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Burson-Marsteller, (2001). “Influential internet users rely on company web sites as they spread word on brands, products and services.” <http://www.efluentials.com/documents/PressRelease.pdf>
Campbell, A., G. Gurin, and W. E. Miller (1954). The voter decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson
Cappella, J. N., and K. H. Jamieson (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. London: Oxford University.
Chaney, I. M. (2001), “Opinion leaders as a segment for marketing communications,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 19(5), 302-308.
Claxton, J. D., J. N. Fry, and B. Portis (1974), “Taxonomy of prepurchase information gathering patterns,” Journal of Consumer Research, 1(3), 35-42.
Converse, P. E. (1972). “Change in the American electorate.” In the human meaning of social change, eds. Campbell, A., and Converse P. E. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Couper, M. P. (2000), “Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494.
Craig, S. (1979), “Efficacy, trust and political behavior: An attempt to resolve a lingering conceptual dilemma,” American Politics Quarterly, 7(2), 225-239.
Craig, S. C., R. G. Niemi, and G. E. Silver (1990), “Political efficacy and trust: A report on the nes pilot study items,” Political Behavior, 12(3), 289-314.
Craig, S., and M. Maggiotto (1982), “Measuring political efficacy,” Political Methodology, 8(3), 85-110.
Dahlberg, L. (2001), “Democracy via cyberspace: Mapping the rhetorics and practices of three Prominent camps,” New media and society, 3(2), 157-177.
Dennis, J., and C. Webster (1975), “Children’s images of the president and of government in 1962 and 1974,” American Political Quarterly, 3, 386-405.
Dickerson, M. D., and J. W. Gentry (1983), “Characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of home computers,” Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 225-235.
DiMaggio, P., E. Hargittai, W. R. Neuman, and J. P. Robinson (2001), “Social implications of the Internet,” Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 307-336.
Easton, D. (1965). A system analysis of political life. NY: John Wiley.
Engel, J. F., R. D. Blackwell, and P. W. Miniard (1990). Consumer behavior. (6th ed.). Chicago: Dryden.
Eveland, W. P., and S. Dunwoody (2000), “Examining information processing on the world wide web using think aloud protocols,” Media Psychology, 2(3), 219-44.
Eveland, W. P., and D. Scheufele (2000), “Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation,” Political Communication, 17, 215-37.
Feenberg, A., and M. Bakardjieva (2004), “Virtual community: No killer implication,” New Media and Society, 6(1), 37-43.
Feick, L. F., and L. L. Price (1987), “The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information,” Journal of Marketing, 51 (1), 83-97.
Finkel, S. E. (1985), “Reciprocal effects of participation and political efficacy: A panel analysis,” American Journal of Political Science, 29(4), 891-913.
Fisk, G. (1959), “Media influence reconsidered,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 23(1), 82-91.
Flynn, L. R., R. E. Goldsmith, and J. K. Eastman (1996), “Opinion leaders and opinion seekers: Two new measurement scales,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24 (2), 137-147.
Gimmler, A. (2001), “Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the Internet,” Philosophy and Social Criticism, 27(4), 21-39.
Godes, D., and D. Mayzlin (2004), “Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication,” Marketing Science, 23(4), 545-560.
Griffin, E. (2003). A first look at communication theory. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.
Grossman, L. K. (1999). “The electronic republic.” In Impact of Mass Media: Current Issues, ed. Hiebert R. E., New York: Longman.
Gumpert, G., and R. Cathcart (1986). Inter/Media: Interpersonal communication in a media world. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hall, M. (1997), “One-to-one politics in cyberspace,” Media Studies Journal, 11, 97-103.
Hardy, B. W., and D. A. Scheufele (2005), “Examining differential gains from Internet use: Comparing the moderating role of talk and online interactions,” Journal of Communication, 55(1), 71-84.
Henderson, S., and M. Gilding (2004), “I`ve never clicked this much with anyone in my life: trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships,” New Media and Society, 6(4), 487-506.
Hewson, C., P. Yule, D. Laurent, and C. Vogel (2003). Internet research methods: A practical guide for the social and behavioral sciences. London: Sage.
Hill, K. A., and J. E. Hughes (1998). Cyberpolitics: Citizen activism in the age of the Internet. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Jennings, M. K., and V. Zeitner (2003), “Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(3), 311-334.
Johnson, T. J., and B. K. Kaye (1998). “A vehicle for engagement or haven for the disaffected? Internet use, political alienation, and voter participation.” In engaging the public: How government and the media can reinvigorate American democracy, eds. Johnson, T. J., Hays, C. E., and Hays, S. P. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Johnson, T. J., and B. K. Kaye (2003), “A boost or bust for democracy? How the web influenced political attitudes and behaviors in the 2000 presidential elections,” The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(9).
Katz, E., and P. F. Lazarsfeld (1955). Personal influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
Katz, J. E., R. E. Rice, and P. Aspden (2001), “The Internet, 1995-2000: Access, civic involvement, and social interaction,” American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 405-419.
Kaye, B. K., and T. J. Johnson (1999), “Research methodology: Taming the cyber frontier - Techniques for improving online surveys,” Social Science Computer Review, 17(3), 323-337.
Keller, E. B., and J. L. Berry (2003). The influentials: One American in ten tells the other nine how to vote, where to eat, and what to buy. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Kellner, D. (1998). “Intellectuals, the new public spheres, and techno-politics.” In The politics of cyberspace, eds. Toulouse, C. and Luke, T. W. New York and London: Routledge.
Kenski, K., and N. J. Stroud (2006), ”Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50(2), 173-192.
Kim, Y. M. (2001, August). Better informed, no say: Internet use and political efficacy. Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D.C.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
94355057
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0943550571
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴士葆<br>林宏遠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 羅彥鐘zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 羅彥鐘zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 17:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 17:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 17:01:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0943550571en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/29997-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94355057zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 口碑傳播向來扮演資訊傳遞與擴散等重要的角色,隨著網路使用的普及,電子口碑成為新形態的口碑傳播方式。本研究以政治議題作為主題,探討電子口碑的前因與後果。電子口碑由兩個構面組成,會受到個體本身具有的政治態度所影響;此外,電子口碑行為是電子口碑的實際體現,不同的電子口碑構面是否會採用不同的方式進行電子口碑的擴散行為?本研究欲探討電子口碑所包含的構面,接著欲證實政治態度、電子口碑與電子口碑行為三構念之間的影響關係。研究對象為關心時事與政治的網路族群,採用網路問卷,共計獲得181份有效問卷,以迴歸分析討論三構念之間的關係。
     研究結果顯示,電子口碑的構面可分為線上意見領袖與線上意見尋求;政治態度的構面則包含了外部政治效能感、內部政治效能感與政治信任。兩構念之間具有如下關係:
     1.外部政治效能感能正向影響線上意見領袖
     2.內部政治效能感能正向影響線上意見領袖
     3.政治信任能正向影響線上意見尋求
     此外,電子口碑也經證實能夠影響電子口碑行為:
     1.線上意見領袖能正向影響線上轉寄與線上交談
     2.線上意見尋求能正向影響線上轉寄與線上交談
     藉由電子口碑模式的確立,能瞭解政治議題的網路擴散效應,並提供另一個資訊傳遞與交流的新型態管道。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論……………………………………………….……………….…...…1
     第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………….1
     第二節 研究問題與目的………………………………………………….…3
     第三節 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………….…4
     第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………5
     第一節 網路政治…………………………………………………………5
     第二節 政治態度…………………………………………………………...14
     第三節 電子口碑…………………………………………………………21
     第四節 線上意見領袖……………………………………………………26
     第五節 線上轉寄與線上交談……………………………………………34
     第六節 各學者與其研究之整理…………………………………………34
     第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………………36
     第一節 研究架構…………………………………………………………36
     第二節 研究假說…………………………………………………………38
     第三節 變數衡量與問卷設計……………………………………………41
     第四節 資料收集…………………………………………………………54
     第四章 資料分析結果…………………………………………………………58
     第一節 樣本結構…………………………………………………………58
     第二節 信度與效度檢定…………………………………………………64
     第三節 政治態度對電子口碑影響之分析………………………………66
     第四節 電子口碑對電子口碑行為影響之分析…………………………74
     第五節 殘差分析與共線性分析…………………………………………81
     第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………83
     第一節 研究結論…………………………………………………………83
     第二節 理論與實務的內涵………………………………………………88
     第三節 後續研究建議……………………………………………………90
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0943550571en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子口碑zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治態度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電子口碑行為zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 政治態度對電子口碑擴散影響之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Study of the Influence of Political Attitudes upon the Spreading of Electronic Word-of-mouthen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 呂傑華(民95)。新媒介使用、競選政見認知與政治信任之行動研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫編號(計畫編號:95C04022),未出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳重禮、許文賓(民92)。誰是政黨認同者與獨立選民?--以二○○一年台灣地區選民政黨認同的決定因素為例。政治科學論叢,18,101-140。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳筱玫(民92)。網路傳播概論。台北:智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱映慈(民88)。整合行銷傳播在選舉行銷上之運用:以1998年台北市長選舉為例。輔仁大學大眾傳播學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周文賢(民91)。多變異統計分析SAS/STAT使用方法。台北:智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳文俊(民73)。台灣地區中學生的政治態度極其形成因素—青少年的政治社會化。臺北市:財團法人資訊教育推廣中心基金會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳憶寧(民90)。候選人負面新聞與新聞框架對政治憤世嫉俗與政治責任歸屬的影響。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告(報告編號:NSC 89-2412-H-128-015)。臺北市:世新大學公共傳播系。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃毓茹(民95)。2005年縣長與縣市議員選舉候選人網站與部落格分析。國立政治大學廣告學系碩士論文,未出版,臺北市。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abramson, P. (1983), Political attitudes in America. San Francisco: Freeman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) King, C. W., and J. O. Summers (1970), “Overlap of opinion leadership across consumer product categories,” Journal of Marketing Research, 7, 43-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Larsen, E., and L. Rainie (2002). “The rise of the e-citizen: How people use government agencies’ web sites.” <http://www.pewInternet.org/reports>.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lazarsfeld, P. F., B. R. Berelson, and H. Gaudet (1944). The People’s Choice. New York: Columbia University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin, Y., and S. Lim (2002), “Relationship of media use to political cynicism and efficacy: A preliminary study of young South Korean voters,” Asian Journal of Communication, 12, 25-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mansfield, E. F. (1961), “Technical change and the rate of imitation,” Econometrica, 29, 741-766.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Melillo, W. (2000), “Digital democracy,” Brandweek, 8(21), 54-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mided, J. (2002). “The Internet and the public sphere: What kind of space is cyberspace?” In Culture and technology in the new Europe, eds. Lengel L. Stamford CT: Ablex.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Midgley, D. F., and G. R. Dowling (1993), “A longitudinal study of product form innovation: the interaction between predispositions and social messages,” Journal of Consumer Reserch, 19, 611-625.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morrell, M. E. (2003), “Survey and experimental evidence for a reliable and valid measure of internal political efficacy,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 589-602.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morris, D. (1999). Vote.com. Los Angeles: Renaissance Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rodgers, S., and Q. Chen (2005), “Internet community group participation: Psychosocial benefits for women with breast cancer,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10 (4), Article 5. http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue4/rodgers.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Muhlberger, P. (2002, October). Political values and attitudes in internal political discussion: Political transformation or politics as usual? Paper presented at Euricom Colloquium: Electronic Networks and Democracy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Retrieved December 8, 2004, from <http://oase.uci.kun.nl/~jankow/Euricom/papers/Muhlberger.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murray, K. B. (1991), “A test of services marketing theory: Consumer information acquisition activities,” Journal of Marketing, 55(1), 10-25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Niemi, R. G., S. C. Craig, and F. Mattei (1991), “Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study,” American Political Science Review, 85, 1407-1413.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nye, J., P. Zelikow, and D. King (1997). Why people don’t trust government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ohanian, R. (1990), “Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers` perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness,” Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Parasuraman, A., L. L. Berry, and V. A. Zeithaml (1991), “Understanding customer expectations of service,” Sloan Management Review, 32(3), 39-48.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pew Research Center (2000). “Youth vote influenced by online information: Internet election news audience seeks convenience, familiar names.” <http://www.people-press.org>. Pressman, A. (2000). “Analysis: Internet lessons for campaign 2004.” Nov. 15. <http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH>.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Phelps, J. E., R. Lewis, L. Mobilio, D. Perry, and N. Raman (2004), “Viral marketing or electronic word-of-mouth advertising: Examining consumer responses and motivations to pass along email,” Journal of Advertising Research, 45(4), 333-348.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pinkleton, B. E., W. Austin, and K. K. Fortman (1998), “Relationships of media use and political disaffection to political efficacy and voting behavior,” Journal of Broadcasting and Eletronic Media, 42, 34-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pinkleton, B., and E. Austin (2001), “Individual motivations, perceived media importance, and political disaffection,” Political Communication, 18, 321-334.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roed, J. (2003), “Language learner behavior in a virtual environment,” Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(2-3), 155-172.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Punj, G. N., and R. Staelin (1983), “A model of consumer information search for new automobiles,” Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 366-380.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon and Schuster.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reynolds, F. D., and W. R. Darden (1971), “Mutually adaptive effects of interpersonal communication,” Journal of Marketing Research, 6, 441-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rice, R. E. (1987), “Computer-mediated communication and organizational innovation,” Journal of Communication, 37(4), 65-86.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ridings, C. M., and D. Gefen (2004), “Virtual community attraction: Why people hang out online,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10 (1). http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol10/issue1/ridings_gefen.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roch, C. H. (2005), ”The dual roots of opinion leadership,” The Journal of Politics, 67(1), 110zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, E. M. (2002), “Diffusion of preventive innovations,” Addictive Behaviors, 27, 989-993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, E. M., and D. G. Cartano (1962), ”Methods of measuring opinion leadership,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 26(3), 435-441.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenstone, S. J., and J. M. Hansen (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scheufele, D. A. (2002), “Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory behavior,” Communication Research, 29(1), 46-65.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scheufele, D. A., and M. C. Nisbet (2002), “Being a citizen online: New opportunities and dead ends,” Harvard International Journal of Press-Politics, 7(3), 55-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Selnow, G. W. (1998). Electronic whistle-stops: The impact of the Internet on American politics. Westport, CT: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abramson, P. R., and J. H. Aldrich (1982), “The decline of electoral participation in america,” American Political Science Review, 76(3), 502-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shaffer, S. (1981), “A multivariate explanation of decreasing turnout in presidential elections, 1960-1976,” American Journal of Political Science, 25(1), 68-96.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shah, D. V., N. Kwak, and R. L. Holbert (2001), “Connecting and disconnecting with civic life: patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital,” Political Communication, 18, 141-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sheth, J. N. (1971), “Word-of-mouth in low-risk innovations,” Journal of Advertising Research, 11(3), 15-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sietman, R. B. (2005). Framing the 2004 presidential election: The role of media, political discussion, and opinion leaders. The Ohio State University, 214 pages; AAT 3176908.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Silverstone, R. (1999). Why study the media?. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Slaton, C. D., and T. L. Becker (1998). “Increasing the quality and quantity of citizen participation: New technologies and new techniques.” In engaging the public: How government and the media can reinvigorate American democracy, eds. Johnson, T. J., Hays, C. E., and Hays, S. P. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Steinfield, C. W. (1986). “Computer-mediated communication in an organizational setting: Explaining task-related and socioemotional uses.” .In Communication yearbook, Eds. Mclaughlin, M. L. Beverly Hill, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sun, T., S. Youn, G. Wu, and M. Kuntaraporn (2006), “Online word-of-mouth (or mouse): An exploration of its antecedents and consequences,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(4), http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol11/issue4/sun.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tanimoto, J., and H. Fujii (2003), “A study on diffusional characteristics of information on a human network analyzed by a Multi-Agent simulator,” Social Science Journal, 40(3), 479-485.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thurlow, C., L. Lengel, and A. Tomic (2004). Computer mediated communication: Social interaction and the Internet. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agger, R. E., M. N. Goldstein, and S. A. Pearl (1961), “Political cynicism: Measuring and meaning,” Journal of Politics, 23, 447-506.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walsh, J. P., S. Kiesler, L. S. Sproull, and B. W. Hesse (1992), “Self-selected and randomly selected respondents in a computer network survey,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 241-244.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weimann, G. (1994). The influentials. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wellman, B., A. Q. Haase, J. Witte, and K. Hampton (2001). “Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? social networks, participation, and community involvement.” American Behavioral Scientist, 45:436–55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whillock, R. K. (1997a), “Cyber-politics,” The American Behavioral Scientist, 40(8), 1208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whillock, R. K. (1997b), “Cyber-Politics: The online strategies of ’96,” American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 208-225.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilheim, A. G. (2000). Democracy in the digital age: Challenges to political life in cyberspace. New York: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Witte, J. C., L. M. Amoroso, and P. E. N. Howard (2000), “Research methodology: Method and representation in Internet-based survey tools-mobility, community, and cultural identity in Survey2000,” Social Science Computer Review, 18(2), 179-195.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Almond, G. A., and S. Verba (1963), The civic culture. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arndt, J. (1967), “Role of product-related conversations in diffusion of a new product ,” Journal of Marketing Research, 4(3), 291-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Assael, H. (1987), Consumer behavior and marketing action. (4th ed.). Boston, MA: PWS-Kent.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Balch, G. I. (1974), “Multiple Indicators in survey research: The concept of sense of political efficacy,” Political Methodology, 1(1), 1-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ball-Rokeach, S. J., and M. L. DeFleur (1976), “A dependency model of mass media effects,” Communication Research, 3(3), 21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barthlow, D. A. (1993), Communication channels of American political elites. University of Georgia, 154 pages; AAT 9416230.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bass, F. M. (1969), “A new product growth for model-consumer durables,” Management Science, 15, 215-227.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, W. L. (2000), “Introduction: Communication and civic engagement in comparative perspective,” Political Communication, 17(4), 307-312.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, W. L., and R. M. Entman (2001), Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bickart, B., and R. M. Schindler (2001), “Internet forum as influential sources of consumer information,” Journal of Interactive Marketing, 1(3), 31-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bimber, B. (1997), “The Internet and political communication in the 1996 election season: A research note.” <http://www.sscf.ucsb.edu/~survey1>.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bimber, B. (2000), “The study of information technology and civic engagement,” Political Communication, 27, 329-333.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bockman, S., and W. Gayk (1977), “Political orientation and political ideologies,” Pacific Sociological Review, 20, 536-552.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bristor, J. M. (1990), “Enhanced explanations of word of mouth communications: The power of relationships,” Research in Consumer Behavior, 4, 51-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, J. J., and P. H. Reingen (1987), “Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 350-362.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bucy, E. P., and K. S. Gregson (2001), “Media participation: a legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy,” New Media and Society, 3, 359-382.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bucy, E. P., P. D’Angelo, and J. E. Newhagen (1999). “The engaged electorate: New media use as political participation.” In the electronic election: Perspectives on 1996 campaign communication, eds. Kaid, L. L., and Bystrom, D. G. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burson-Marsteller, (2001). “Influential internet users rely on company web sites as they spread word on brands, products and services.” <http://www.efluentials.com/documents/PressRelease.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Campbell, A., G. Gurin, and W. E. Miller (1954). The voter decides. Evanston, IL: Row, Petersonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cappella, J. N., and K. H. Jamieson (1997). Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good. London: Oxford University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chaney, I. M. (2001), “Opinion leaders as a segment for marketing communications,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 19(5), 302-308.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Claxton, J. D., J. N. Fry, and B. Portis (1974), “Taxonomy of prepurchase information gathering patterns,” Journal of Consumer Research, 1(3), 35-42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Converse, P. E. (1972). “Change in the American electorate.” In the human meaning of social change, eds. Campbell, A., and Converse P. E. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Couper, M. P. (2000), “Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, S. (1979), “Efficacy, trust and political behavior: An attempt to resolve a lingering conceptual dilemma,” American Politics Quarterly, 7(2), 225-239.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, S. C., R. G. Niemi, and G. E. Silver (1990), “Political efficacy and trust: A report on the nes pilot study items,” Political Behavior, 12(3), 289-314.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, S., and M. Maggiotto (1982), “Measuring political efficacy,” Political Methodology, 8(3), 85-110.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dahlberg, L. (2001), “Democracy via cyberspace: Mapping the rhetorics and practices of three Prominent camps,” New media and society, 3(2), 157-177.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dennis, J., and C. Webster (1975), “Children’s images of the president and of government in 1962 and 1974,” American Political Quarterly, 3, 386-405.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dickerson, M. D., and J. W. Gentry (1983), “Characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of home computers,” Journal of Consumer Research, 10(2), 225-235.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DiMaggio, P., E. Hargittai, W. R. Neuman, and J. P. Robinson (2001), “Social implications of the Internet,” Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 307-336.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Easton, D. (1965). A system analysis of political life. NY: John Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Engel, J. F., R. D. Blackwell, and P. W. Miniard (1990). Consumer behavior. (6th ed.). Chicago: Dryden.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eveland, W. P., and S. Dunwoody (2000), “Examining information processing on the world wide web using think aloud protocols,” Media Psychology, 2(3), 219-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eveland, W. P., and D. Scheufele (2000), “Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation,” Political Communication, 17, 215-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feenberg, A., and M. Bakardjieva (2004), “Virtual community: No killer implication,” New Media and Society, 6(1), 37-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feick, L. F., and L. L. Price (1987), “The market maven: A diffuser of marketplace information,” Journal of Marketing, 51 (1), 83-97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Finkel, S. E. (1985), “Reciprocal effects of participation and political efficacy: A panel analysis,” American Journal of Political Science, 29(4), 891-913.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fisk, G. (1959), “Media influence reconsidered,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 23(1), 82-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Flynn, L. R., R. E. Goldsmith, and J. K. Eastman (1996), “Opinion leaders and opinion seekers: Two new measurement scales,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24 (2), 137-147.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gimmler, A. (2001), “Deliberative democracy, the public sphere and the Internet,” Philosophy and Social Criticism, 27(4), 21-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Godes, D., and D. Mayzlin (2004), “Using online conversations to study word-of-mouth communication,” Marketing Science, 23(4), 545-560.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Griffin, E. (2003). A first look at communication theory. Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grossman, L. K. (1999). “The electronic republic.” In Impact of Mass Media: Current Issues, ed. Hiebert R. E., New York: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gumpert, G., and R. Cathcart (1986). Inter/Media: Interpersonal communication in a media world. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hall, M. (1997), “One-to-one politics in cyberspace,” Media Studies Journal, 11, 97-103.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardy, B. W., and D. A. Scheufele (2005), “Examining differential gains from Internet use: Comparing the moderating role of talk and online interactions,” Journal of Communication, 55(1), 71-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henderson, S., and M. Gilding (2004), “I`ve never clicked this much with anyone in my life: trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships,” New Media and Society, 6(4), 487-506.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hewson, C., P. Yule, D. Laurent, and C. Vogel (2003). Internet research methods: A practical guide for the social and behavioral sciences. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, K. A., and J. E. Hughes (1998). Cyberpolitics: Citizen activism in the age of the Internet. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jennings, M. K., and V. Zeitner (2003), “Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis,” Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(3), 311-334.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, T. J., and B. K. Kaye (1998). “A vehicle for engagement or haven for the disaffected? Internet use, political alienation, and voter participation.” In engaging the public: How government and the media can reinvigorate American democracy, eds. Johnson, T. J., Hays, C. E., and Hays, S. P. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, T. J., and B. K. Kaye (2003), “A boost or bust for democracy? How the web influenced political attitudes and behaviors in the 2000 presidential elections,” The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(9).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Katz, E., and P. F. Lazarsfeld (1955). Personal influence. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Katz, J. E., R. E. Rice, and P. Aspden (2001), “The Internet, 1995-2000: Access, civic involvement, and social interaction,” American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 405-419.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaye, B. K., and T. J. Johnson (1999), “Research methodology: Taming the cyber frontier - Techniques for improving online surveys,” Social Science Computer Review, 17(3), 323-337.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keller, E. B., and J. L. Berry (2003). The influentials: One American in ten tells the other nine how to vote, where to eat, and what to buy. New York: Simon and Schuster.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kellner, D. (1998). “Intellectuals, the new public spheres, and techno-politics.” In The politics of cyberspace, eds. Toulouse, C. and Luke, T. W. New York and London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kenski, K., and N. J. Stroud (2006), ”Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation,” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50(2), 173-192.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, Y. M. (2001, August). Better informed, no say: Internet use and political efficacy. Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D.C.zh_TW