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題名 論「與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定」對藥品測試資料之保護
作者 李嘉偉
貢獻者 楊光華
李嘉偉
關鍵詞 藥品測試資料保護
Data Exclusivity
TRIPS 39.3
日期 2004
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 17:04:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 藥品因為事涉公眾健康以及人類生命之延續,因此世界各國衛生主管機關皆以上市審查制度加以嚴格管制。為了通過審查,得到衛生主管機關之上市許可,藥廠必須提供藥品相關之臨床前與臨床試驗等測試資料,讓主管機關相信該藥品確實具有其所宣稱之安全性及有效性。「與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定」第39.3條乃規定會員國政府應對藥品測試資料提供保護,防止其洩漏以及被不公平商業使用。惟各會員國政府依賴第一家專利藥廠所提供之測試資料,以作為核准後續學名藥上市許可之依據,是否構成該條所謂的「不公平商業使用」?本文以為從該條之沿革、立法目的觀之,應擴張解釋第39.3條之適用範圍,使上述情形包括在內。基於此,台灣衛生署在七七公告以及雙十二公告中僅要求後續學名藥廠繳交較小規模之「國內臨床試驗報告」以及「銜接性試驗報告」,而免除其須繳交與專利藥廠相同之大規模測試資料之行為乃構成不公平商業使用,違反第39.3條之規定。
參考文獻 中文部分
1.羅昌發,國際貿易法,元照,二□□□年九月。
2.財團法人生物技術開發中心,醫藥產業年鑑2003,二□□四年。
3.財團法人生物技術開發中心,生物產業與製藥產業,九州,一九九九年一月。
4.周先樂,藥理學(上冊),藝軒,二□□二年十月一版。
5.周先樂,藥理學(下冊),藝軒,二□□二年十月一版。
6.藥品非臨床試驗安全性規範,行政院衛生署編印,二□□□年六月。
7.藥品非臨床試驗優良操作規範,行政院衛生署編印,二□□□年六月。
8.藥品臨床試驗申請須知,行政院衛生署編印,二□□二年六月。
9.銜接性試驗基準---接受國外臨床資料之族群因素考量,行政院衛生署編印,二□□二年五月。
10.黃慧嫻,淺談歐盟學名藥規範之新進發展,科技法律透析,二□□四年四月。
11.朱世霓,美國學名藥上市長路漫漫,科技法律透析,二□□三年三月。
12.鄧曉芳,日本學名藥發展現況及相關法律爭議簡介,科技法律透析,二□□三年十月。
英文部分
1.Richard F. Kingham, Grant H. Castle, Data and Marketing Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals in the European Community, Vol.55 FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL.
2.PhRMA, The Hatch- Waxman Act in Perspective, Pharmaceutical Industry Context for the FTC’s Generic Drug Study(2002).
3.Carlos Maria Correa, Protection of Data Submitted for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals: Implementing Standards of the TRIPS Agreement, SOUTH CENTRE PUBLICATION (2002).
4.Priapantja, Trade Secret: How does this Apply to Drug Registration data?, ASEAN WORKSHOP ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND IT’S IMPACT ON PHARMACEUTICALS, Department of Health an World Health Organization(2000).
5.Anita Nador, Melanie Szweras, Comparing Canadian Notice of Compliance(NOC) Regulations for Patented Medicines with Corresponding United States and European Union Provisions, BERESKIN & PARR CO.(2002)
6.Gerald J. Mossinghoff, OVERVIEW OF THE HATCH-WAXMAN ACT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, VOL.54 FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL.
7.Carlos Maria Correa, Unfair Competition Under the TRIPS Agreement: Protection of Data Submitted for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals, Vol.3, No.1, CHICAGO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
8.Jayasharee Watal, Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries, KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL.(2001)
9.S. Shulman, J. DiMasi & K. Kaitin, Patent Term Restoration: The Impact of the Hatch-Waxman Act on New Drugs and Biologics Approval 1984-1995, Vol.2 JOURNAL OF BIOLAW AND BUSINESS.(1999)
10.European Commission, The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union, NOTICE TO APPLICANTS---MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE, PROCEDURE FOR MARKETING AUTHORIZATION, Vol.2A.(Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 1998)
11.Richard F. Kingham, Peter Bogaert & Pamela Eddy, The New European Medicines Agency, Vol.49 FOOD DRUG COSMETICS LAW JOURNAL.
12.Ollila E. and Hamminki E., Secrecy in Drug Regulation, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE, No.9.
13.Dukes, M.N. Graham, Drug Regulation and the Tradition of Secrecy, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE, No.9.
14.Beier, Friedrich-Karl and Schricker, Gerhard, GATT OR WIPO---NEW WAYS IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, VCH, Winheim. (1989)
15.European Union, Questions on TRIPS and Data Exclusivity: An EU contribution.(2001).
16.Lucas R. Arrivillaga, An International Standard of Protection for Test Data Submitted to Authorities to obtain Marketing Authorization for Drugs, THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Vol.6, No.1.
17.IFPMA, A REVIEW ON EXISTING DATA EXCLUSIVITY LEGISLATION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES.(2002)
18.GATT (1987), Office of the United States Trade Representative in Geneva, United States Proposal for Negotiating in Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/14.
19.GATT (1987), Switzerland, Suggestion by Switzerland for Achieving the Negotiating Objective, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/15.
20.GATT (1990), European Community, Draft Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/68.
21.GATT(1990), United States, Draft Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/70.
22.GATT(1990), Switzerland, Draft Agreement to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for the Protection of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/73.
23.GATT(1990)Chairman’s Report to the GNG, Status of Work in the Negotiating Group: Chairman’s Report to the GNG, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/76.
24.WTO(2002), Argentina – patent protection for pharmaceuticals and test data protection for agricultural chemicals, WTO Doc. WT/DS/171/3.
25.WTO(1998), India-Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS50/AB/R.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
91351005
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091351005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊光華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李嘉偉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 李嘉偉zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 17:04:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 17:04:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 17:04:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0091351005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30019-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91351005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 藥品因為事涉公眾健康以及人類生命之延續,因此世界各國衛生主管機關皆以上市審查制度加以嚴格管制。為了通過審查,得到衛生主管機關之上市許可,藥廠必須提供藥品相關之臨床前與臨床試驗等測試資料,讓主管機關相信該藥品確實具有其所宣稱之安全性及有效性。「與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定」第39.3條乃規定會員國政府應對藥品測試資料提供保護,防止其洩漏以及被不公平商業使用。惟各會員國政府依賴第一家專利藥廠所提供之測試資料,以作為核准後續學名藥上市許可之依據,是否構成該條所謂的「不公平商業使用」?本文以為從該條之沿革、立法目的觀之,應擴張解釋第39.3條之適用範圍,使上述情形包括在內。基於此,台灣衛生署在七七公告以及雙十二公告中僅要求後續學名藥廠繳交較小規模之「國內臨床試驗報告」以及「銜接性試驗報告」,而免除其須繳交與專利藥廠相同之大規模測試資料之行為乃構成不公平商業使用,違反第39.3條之規定。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機
     第二章 製藥產業概況
     第一節 市場概況
     第一項 全球藥品市場現況與趨勢
     第二項 台灣藥品市場現況與趨勢
     第二節 製藥產業之特性
     第一項 研發時間長
     第二項 資金需求大
     第三項 對測試資料提供保護之原因
     第四項 各國藥品上市審查程序
     第三章 測試資料之保護
     第一節 TRIPS協定第39.3條之規定
     第一項 沿革
     第二項 性質及適用範圍
     第三項 構成要件分析
     第四項 TRIPS第39.3條之違法態樣:洩漏、不公平商業使用
     第二節 各國之具體實踐
     第一項 對測試資料之保護方式
     第二項 對測試資料的保護期間
     第三項 具體實踐
     第四章 測試資料之保護於具體實踐上的爭議
     第一節 曾經發生過之爭議
     第一項 美國v. 阿根廷
     第二項 美國v. 澳洲
     第三項 Bayer Inc. v. The Attorney General of Canada and the Minister of Health
     第二節 台灣衛生署是否構成「不公平商業使用」?
     第一項 銜接性試驗
     第二項 爭議所在
     第三節 美國要求台灣提供資料專屬權保護是否合理?
     第一項 資料專屬權真的是最好之解決方案?
     第二項 以區域協定或雙邊貿易協定來規範資料保護已是趨勢
     第三項 是否只顧及到「節省醫療資源」,而忽略掉「促進新藥研發」之立法目的?
     第四項 測試資料保護客體之取捨
     第五章 結論
     附錄一
     附錄二
     附錄三
     附錄四
     參考文獻
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091351005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 藥品測試資料保護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data Exclusivityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) TRIPS 39.3en_US
dc.title (題名) 論「與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定」對藥品測試資料之保護zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.羅昌發,國際貿易法,元照,二□□□年九月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.財團法人生物技術開發中心,醫藥產業年鑑2003,二□□四年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.財團法人生物技術開發中心,生物產業與製藥產業,九州,一九九九年一月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.周先樂,藥理學(上冊),藝軒,二□□二年十月一版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.周先樂,藥理學(下冊),藝軒,二□□二年十月一版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.藥品非臨床試驗安全性規範,行政院衛生署編印,二□□□年六月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.藥品非臨床試驗優良操作規範,行政院衛生署編印,二□□□年六月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.藥品臨床試驗申請須知,行政院衛生署編印,二□□二年六月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.銜接性試驗基準---接受國外臨床資料之族群因素考量,行政院衛生署編印,二□□二年五月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.黃慧嫻,淺談歐盟學名藥規範之新進發展,科技法律透析,二□□四年四月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.朱世霓,美國學名藥上市長路漫漫,科技法律透析,二□□三年三月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.鄧曉芳,日本學名藥發展現況及相關法律爭議簡介,科技法律透析,二□□三年十月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Richard F. Kingham, Grant H. Castle, Data and Marketing Exclusivity for Pharmaceuticals in the European Community, Vol.55 FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.PhRMA, The Hatch- Waxman Act in Perspective, Pharmaceutical Industry Context for the FTC’s Generic Drug Study(2002).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Carlos Maria Correa, Protection of Data Submitted for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals: Implementing Standards of the TRIPS Agreement, SOUTH CENTRE PUBLICATION (2002).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Priapantja, Trade Secret: How does this Apply to Drug Registration data?, ASEAN WORKSHOP ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND IT’S IMPACT ON PHARMACEUTICALS, Department of Health an World Health Organization(2000).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Anita Nador, Melanie Szweras, Comparing Canadian Notice of Compliance(NOC) Regulations for Patented Medicines with Corresponding United States and European Union Provisions, BERESKIN & PARR CO.(2002)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Gerald J. Mossinghoff, OVERVIEW OF THE HATCH-WAXMAN ACT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, VOL.54 FOOD AND DRUG LAW JOURNAL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Carlos Maria Correa, Unfair Competition Under the TRIPS Agreement: Protection of Data Submitted for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals, Vol.3, No.1, CHICAGO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Jayasharee Watal, Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries, KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL.(2001)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.S. Shulman, J. DiMasi & K. Kaitin, Patent Term Restoration: The Impact of the Hatch-Waxman Act on New Drugs and Biologics Approval 1984-1995, Vol.2 JOURNAL OF BIOLAW AND BUSINESS.(1999)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.European Commission, The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Union, NOTICE TO APPLICANTS---MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE, PROCEDURE FOR MARKETING AUTHORIZATION, Vol.2A.(Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 1998)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Richard F. Kingham, Peter Bogaert & Pamela Eddy, The New European Medicines Agency, Vol.49 FOOD DRUG COSMETICS LAW JOURNAL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Ollila E. and Hamminki E., Secrecy in Drug Regulation, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE, No.9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Dukes, M.N. Graham, Drug Regulation and the Tradition of Secrecy, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE, No.9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Beier, Friedrich-Karl and Schricker, Gerhard, GATT OR WIPO---NEW WAYS IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, VCH, Winheim. (1989)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.European Union, Questions on TRIPS and Data Exclusivity: An EU contribution.(2001).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Lucas R. Arrivillaga, An International Standard of Protection for Test Data Submitted to Authorities to obtain Marketing Authorization for Drugs, THE JOURNAL OF WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, Vol.6, No.1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.IFPMA, A REVIEW ON EXISTING DATA EXCLUSIVITY LEGISLATION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES.(2002)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.GATT (1987), Office of the United States Trade Representative in Geneva, United States Proposal for Negotiating in Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.GATT (1987), Switzerland, Suggestion by Switzerland for Achieving the Negotiating Objective, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.GATT (1990), European Community, Draft Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.GATT(1990), United States, Draft Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.GATT(1990), Switzerland, Draft Agreement to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for the Protection of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/W/73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.GATT(1990)Chairman’s Report to the GNG, Status of Work in the Negotiating Group: Chairman’s Report to the GNG, GATT Doc. MTN.GNG/NG11/76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.WTO(2002), Argentina – patent protection for pharmaceuticals and test data protection for agricultural chemicals, WTO Doc. WT/DS/171/3.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.WTO(1998), India-Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products, WTO Doc. WT/DS50/AB/R.zh_TW