| dc.contributor.advisor | 楊光華 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 黃渝清 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | 黃渝清 | zh_TW |
| dc.date (日期) | 2004 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 11-Sep-2009 17:12:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 11-Sep-2009 17:12:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 11-Sep-2009 17:12:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0923510411 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30089 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國際經營與貿易研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 92351041 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 93 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 安地瓜於2003年3月13日以美國採取全面禁止網路賭博服務之措施為由提起訴訟，小組報告於2004年11月10日出爐，美國與安地瓜均不服小組裁決分別提起上訴，上訴機構於2005年4月7日做出裁決。 上訴機構報告認定美國已對網路賭博服務做出承諾，且因美國並未於其特定承諾表中填寫市場開放及國民待遇之限制，因而美國所採全面禁止網路賭博服務之措施違反GATS第十六條第一項規定。美國接著援引GATS第十四條規定作為抗辯，後雖因其國內州際賽馬法（Interstate Horseracing Act）規定允許國內服務提供者提供網路賭博服務，而被上訴機構認定系爭措施違反第十四條前言之要求，然上訴機構最後肯認美國得採行全面禁止網路賭博之措施乃係本案最終關鍵。 為了談判結果之確定性、穩定性，及未來服務貿易談判之持續進行，是否允許會員在做出市場開放之承諾後，再援引第十四條規定改變其承諾範圍，因而影響其他會員對其開放市場之期待，並使援引第十四條規定之會員躲避其原依GATS第二十一條規定所應負之責任？而在得出會員無法援引第十四條規定改變其承諾範圍之結論後，美國在本案中是否得援引其他規定作為正當化其措施之主張？及第十四條與第六條、第十六條、第十七條間之關聯性？係本文主要探討之問題。 此案為第一個會員援引GATS第十四條作為抗辯之例子，可以預見此例對後續案件之影響，而上訴機構於本案中所得出結論是否妥適，則值得深思。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Antigua and Barbuda sued the United States for its total prohibition of the cross-border supply of gambling and betting services on March 13, 2003. The WTO panel report was issued on November 10, 2004. Both Antigua and the United States appealed and the ruling of the Appellate Body came out on April 7, 2005. The Appellate Body held that the United States has made full market access and national treatment commitments for gambling and betting services, so the measures to prohibit the cross-border supply of gambling and betting services violated Article XVI:1 of the GATS. As a result, the United States cited Article XIV of the GATS to contradict. The Appellate Body ruled that the alleged measures violated the preamble of Article XIV because the Interstate Horseracing Act of the United States permits domestic service suppliers to provide Internet gambling and betting services. However, the Appellate Body’s recognition of the United States’ total prohibition of cross-border supply of gambling and betting services is a critical issue of this case. In order to make sure the certainty and the stability of negotiation outcomes, and keep negotiations on trade in services moving, would the WTO members be allowed to cite Article XIV to change the coverage of their commitments after having made market access commitments and to escape the obligation under Article XXI? After concluding that the members could not cite Article XIV to change the coverage of the commitments, could the United States cite other articles to justify the alleged measures? Furthermore, how are the connection between Article XIV, Article VI, Article XVI and Article XVII? All above are the main questions this thesis focuses on. This case is the first one that members cite Article XIV to contradict, and the influence on subsequent cases is foreseeable. Would such a conclusion of this case be appropriate? We might need to contemplate further. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章□緒論 3 第一節□研究動機 3 第二節□研究架構 4 第二章□美國禁止網路賭博案之背景及主要爭點 6 第一節□案例背景 6 第二節□主要爭點 8 第一項□美國是否已對網路賭博服務做出承諾？ 8 第二項□本案所涉措施是否構成GATS第十六條第二項a款及c款之市場開放限制？ 9 第三項□美國是否得主張系爭措施符合第十四條a款及c款之一般例外規定？ 9 第三章□小組及上訴機構之裁決 11 第一節□美國是否已對網路賭博服務做出承諾？ 11 第一項□小組對美國特定承諾表之解讀 13 第二項□上訴機構對美國特定承諾表之解讀 16 第三項□小結 23 第二節□赫蚸玼A措施是否構成GATS第十六條第二項a款及c款之市場開放限制 25 第一項□小組之裁決 26 第二項□上訴機構之裁決 27 第三項□小結 29 第三節□□磟O否得主張系爭措施符合第十四條a款及c款之一般例外規定？ 30 第一項□小組之裁決 33 第二項□上訴機構之裁決 39 第三項□小結 42 第四節□小結 43 第四章□岸滀ATS第十四條規定對客觀解讀會員特定承諾表之影響 44 第一節□GATS談判之現實及客觀解讀特定承諾表之要求 44 第二節□允許會員援引第十四條之例外規定對客觀解讀特定承諾表要求之影響 48 第三節□小結 52 第五章□□窵岸滀ATS第六條之可能性及第六條與第十四條規定間關聯性之探討 53 第一節□GATS中關於國內規章之規定及透明化之要求 53 第一項□GATS第六條規定 53 第二項□國內規章透明化之要求 56 第二節□國內規章與會員特定承諾之關係 59 第一項□第六條之適用範圍 59 第二項□國內規章與第十六條、第十七條之關係 61 第三節□本案美國以第六條規定來正當化其措施之可能性 65 第四節□臚Q四條與國內規章、第十六條及第十七條間之關聯 67 第一項□第十四條與國內規章之關係 67 第二項□第十四條與第十六條、第十七條之關係 68 第三項□第十四條規定無用論？ 69 第五節□小結 71 第六章□結論 73 | zh_TW |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923510411 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 服務貿易 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 特定承諾 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | GATS第十四條 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 一般例外規定 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Trade in Services | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Specific Commitments | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | GATS Article XIV | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | General Exceptions | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 評安地瓜控告美國禁止網路賭博案---以服務貿易特定承諾與一般例外規定之關係為中心 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中文部分 | zh_TW |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 英文部分 | zh_TW |
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| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 11. WTO Doc. WT/DS285/1-5 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 12. First Written Submission of Antiqua and Barbuda, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Oct. 1, 2003 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 13. First Written Submission of the United States, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Nov. 7, 2003 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 14. Second Written Submission of Antiqua and Barbuda, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 9, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15. Second Written Submission of the United States, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 9, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 16. Responses of Antiqua and Barbuda to the Panel’s First Questions to the Parties, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 9, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 17. Answers of the United States to the Panel’s Questions in Connection with the First Substantive Meeting, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 9, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18. Responses of Antiqua and Barbuda to the Panel’s Second Questions to the Parties, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 2, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 19. Answers of the United States to the Panel’s Questions in Connection with the Second Substantive Meeting, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 2, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 20. Comments by Antiqua and Barbuda on the United States’ Responses to the Second Questions of the Panel, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 11, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 21. Comments of the United States on Antiqua and Barbuda’s Responses to the Panel’s Questions in Connection with the Second Substantive Meeting, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 11, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 22. WTO Panel Report, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, WT/DS285/R, dated Nov. 10, 2004 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 23. Appellant Submission of the United States, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 14, 2005 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 24. Other Appellant Submission of Antiqua and Barbuda, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Jan. 24, 2005 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 25. Appellee Submission of the United States, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 1, 2005 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 26. Appellee Submission of Antiqua and Barbuda, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, dated Feb. 1, 2005 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 27. Appellate Body Report, United States- Measures Affecting the Cross-border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, WT/DS285/AB/R, dated Apr. 7, 2005 | zh_TW |
