學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 智慧資本與經營績效關聯性之探討--以我國資訊產業為實證對象
作者 曾栗萱
貢獻者 王文英
曾栗萱
關鍵詞 智慧資本
經營績效
產業環境
資訊硬體業
資訊軟體與服務業
日期 2002
上傳時間 11-九月-2009 17:18:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著知識經濟時代的來臨,企業必須整合組識中所有人的知識,運用資訊技術來保存、加速流通,讓員工之間互相激盪以創造更多不同以往的想法,如此一來無論是提供有形產品還是無形服務,都能夠快速地回應瞬息萬變的市場與消費者需求,而有助於企業之永續經營。這些企業內部無形的資產,如員工的專業技術、著重創新的組織氣氛、有效率的流程和穩定且良好的顧客關係,即一般所稱之「智慧資本」。
      雖然智慧資本的議題非常受到重視,但以往的文獻大多在探討智慧資本的定義、包含內容,或是智慧資本管理與衡量模型的建立,對於智慧資本和經營績效間之關聯性卻鮮少提及,因此本研究以我國資訊產業為樣本,探討該產業中影響經營績效之重要智慧資本為何。由於資訊產業中包括許多性質不同之子產業,雖然同屬高科技產業,但彼此之產業特性仍因產品不同而有些微差異,故本研究進一步將資訊產業以主要產品為有形或無形為依據,分為資訊硬體業和資訊軟體與服務業兩種,分析其影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目及構面。
      本研究之結果如下:
     1. 智慧資本會影響資訊產業之經營績效,因此身處此產業之公司應致力於智慧資本之累積,並利用員工附加價值、研發生產力等重要智慧資本衡量指標來評估自身努力的成果,以求不斷增強智慧資本。
     2. 對於資訊軟體與服務業而言,影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目為員工附加價值、員工平均變動率、去年研發密集度、總資本週轉率、管理費用率、組織穩定度、營收成長率及主要客戶數。而重要之智慧資本構面為人力資本和顧客資本。
     3. 資訊硬體業,其影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目為員工附加價值、研發生產力、員工平均變動率、管理費用率及產品退回比率。而重要之智慧資本構面為人力資本、創新資本及流程資本。
     4. 資訊產業中不同子產業其重要智慧資本項目和構面,會因產業特性不同而有些許差異,故企業應了解所處產業環境、競爭對象及產品特色,加強有助於經營績效提昇之智慧資本。如性質偏服務業者,應特別重視顧客資本,而偏製造業者,應重視創新及流程資本。另外,人力資本無論是在哪一種產業,其重要性都是無庸至疑的。
參考文獻 一、 中文部份
1.淺井慶三郎、清水滋,謝森展編著,服務行銷管理—服務業行銷理念及實際作法,創意力文化事業,76年3月初版。
2.吳思華,1984,產業特質與企業經營策略關係之研究,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士班論文。
3.周文賢,2001,多變量統計分析-SAS/STAT之應用,智勝文化。
4.許士軍,1987a,管理學,第七版,台北:東華書局。
5.黃雅琪,1997,台灣電子業品質認證與研究發展對經營績效之影響,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士班論文。
6.黃營杉,1994,企業政策,國立空中大學用書。
7.吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究—以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計學系研究碩士班論文。
8.謝月香,2000,無形資產,國立成功大學會計學研究所碩士班論文。
9.傅坤泰,2001,智慧資本於企業績效評估之應用---以IC設計產業為例,私立輔仁大學金融研究所碩士班論文。
10.李坤致,2001,智慧資本與價值動因對企業價值影響之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士班論文。
11.許受昌,2001,資訊電子產業研究發展支出與股東報酬關聯性之研究,私立東吳大學會計研究所碩士班論文。
12.廖芝□,2002,智慧資本與經營績效關聯之實證研究:以我國資訊電子業技術人力資本為例,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士班論文。
13.資策會,2001,我國資訊產業智慧資本現況與未來發展趨勢,財團法人資訊工業策進會專題研究報告。
14.陳育凱,2000,ISP之關鍵成功因素探討-運用AHP法,私立中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士班未出版論文。
15.朱寧馨,2001,商用套裝軟體業經營成功關鍵因素之研究,國立中山大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士未出版論文。
二、 英文部份
1.Bamberger, I. 1989. Developing competitive advantage in small and medium-size firms. Long Range Planning 22(5): 80-88.
2.Bean, S. 1995. Why some R&D organizations are more productive than others. Research Technology Management 38: 25-29.
3.Bernhard, F. 1997. The paradox of growth. America`s Network 101(21): 44-45.
4.Bukh, P.N., H.T. Larsen, and J. Mouritsen. 2001. Constructing intellecrual capital statements. Scandinavian Journal of Management 17: 87-108.
5.Buren, M. E. V. 1999. A yardstick for knowledge management. Training & Development Alexandria 53 (May): 71-78.
6.Brooking, A., P. Board, and S. Jones. 1998. The predictive potential of intellectual capital. International Journal of Technology Management 16: 115-125.
7.Byars, L. L. 1987. Organizational philosophy and mission statements. Planning Review 15 (4): 32-35
8.Chauvin, K. W. and M. Hirschey. 1993. Advertising, R&D expenditures and the market value of the firm. Financial Management 22 (Winter): 128-140.
9.Cockburn, I. and Z. Griliches. 1988. Industry effects and appropriability measures in the stock market’s valuation of R&D and patents. American Economic Review 78 (2): 419-423.
10.Craig, J. C. and R. M. Grant. 1993. Strategic Management. Kogan Page Ltd.
11.Dzinknowski , R. 1998. The measurement and management of intellectual capital. Society of Management of Canada: 32-36.
12.Deeds, D. L. 2001. The role of RandD intensity, technical development and absorptive capacity in creating entrepreneurial wealth in high technology start-ups. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 18(1): 29-47.
13.Edvinsson, L. and M. S. Malone. 1997. Intellectual capital – realizing your company’s true value by finding its hidden brainpower. New York:Harverd Business.(林大容譯,1999,智慧資本:如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值,台北市:麥田出版,城邦文化發行。)
14.Ferguson, C. R. and R. Dickinson . 1982. Critical success factor for director in the eighties. Business Horizions (May/June): 14-18.
15.Financial Management Accounting Committee. 1998. The Measurement and Management of Intellectual Capital: An Introduction.
16.Glenn, B. 1997. Architecting the ‘new’ ISP. America’s Network 101 (11): 34-39.
17.Gronroos, C. 1990. Service management and marketing: managing the moments of truth in service competition. Mass: Lexington.
18.Grossman, R. J. 2000. Measuring up: appropriate metrics help HR prove its worth. HR Magazine 45 (1): 28-35.
19.Hall, B. H. 1993. The stock market’s valuation of R&D investment during the 1980’s. The American Economic Review 83 (May): 259-264.
20.Hill, C. W. L. and G. R. Jones. 1989. Strategic Management Theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
21.Hill C.W. L. and G. R. Jones. 1992. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
22.Hirchey, Ml and J. Weygandt. 1985. Amortization policy for advertiseing and research and development expenditures. Journal of Accounting Research 23: 326-335.
23.Jauch, L. R. and W. F. Glueck. 1989. Strategy Management and Business Policy. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company.
24.Johnson, W. H. A. 1999. An integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital: measuring the stock and flow of intellectual components in the firm. Technology Management 18: 562-575.
25.Kogut, B. and Zander, R. 1996. What firms do? Coordination, identity and learning. Organization Science 7: 549-570.
26.Kolter, P. 1982. Marketing for Nonprofit Organization. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
27.Kolter, P. 1986. Principles of Marketing. 3rd ed., New York: Prentice-Hall.
28.Lee, K. and A. V. Witteloostuijn .1998. Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution. Academy of Management Journal 41(4): 425-440.
29.Leidecker, J. K. and A. V. Bruno. 1984. Identifying and using critical success factors. Long Range Planning 17 (1): 23-33.
30.Lev, B. and T. Sougiannis. 1996. The capitalization, amortization and value relevance of R&D innovation and commercialization stages. Academy of Management Journal 38: 770-786.
31.Pescatore, J. 1996. Providing internet service for fun and profit: Avoiding the inevitable shakeout. America`s Network 100 (11): 40-43.
32.Pfeffer, J. 1994. Competitive advantage through people. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
33.Rockart, J. F. 1979. Chief executives define their own data needs. Harward Business Review(March/April): 81.
34.Roos, J., G. Roos, L. Edvinsson, and N.C. Dragonetti. 1997. Intellecrual capital—navigating in the new business landscape. Publisher:New York University Press, Washington Squard.
35.Rushton A. and D. J. Carson. 1989. The marketing of services: managing the intangibles. European Journal of Marketing 23 (8): 23-44.
36.Sougiannis, T. 1994. The accounting based valuation of corporate R&D. The Accounting Review 69: 44-68.
37.Stewart, T. A. 1997. Intellectual capital:The New Wealth of Organizations. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. (宋偉航譯,1998,智慧資本:資訊時代的企業利基,台北市:智庫。)
38.Sveiby, K. E. 1997. The new organizational wealth-managing and measuring knowledge-based. Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Pub U. S. A. (莫菲譯,1999,無形資產致勝策略—微軟、網景、昇陽等成功企業的新財富,台北:圓智文化。)
39.Uzzi, B. 1996. The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect. American Sociological Review 61: 674-698.
40.Zeithaml V., A. Parasuraman, and L. Berry. 1985. Problems and strategies in Services Marketing. Journal of Marketing 49 (spring): 33-46.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
90353002
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090353002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 王文英zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 曾栗萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 曾栗萱zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-九月-2009 17:18:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-九月-2009 17:18:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-九月-2009 17:18:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0090353002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30125-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90353002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著知識經濟時代的來臨,企業必須整合組識中所有人的知識,運用資訊技術來保存、加速流通,讓員工之間互相激盪以創造更多不同以往的想法,如此一來無論是提供有形產品還是無形服務,都能夠快速地回應瞬息萬變的市場與消費者需求,而有助於企業之永續經營。這些企業內部無形的資產,如員工的專業技術、著重創新的組織氣氛、有效率的流程和穩定且良好的顧客關係,即一般所稱之「智慧資本」。
      雖然智慧資本的議題非常受到重視,但以往的文獻大多在探討智慧資本的定義、包含內容,或是智慧資本管理與衡量模型的建立,對於智慧資本和經營績效間之關聯性卻鮮少提及,因此本研究以我國資訊產業為樣本,探討該產業中影響經營績效之重要智慧資本為何。由於資訊產業中包括許多性質不同之子產業,雖然同屬高科技產業,但彼此之產業特性仍因產品不同而有些微差異,故本研究進一步將資訊產業以主要產品為有形或無形為依據,分為資訊硬體業和資訊軟體與服務業兩種,分析其影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目及構面。
      本研究之結果如下:
     1. 智慧資本會影響資訊產業之經營績效,因此身處此產業之公司應致力於智慧資本之累積,並利用員工附加價值、研發生產力等重要智慧資本衡量指標來評估自身努力的成果,以求不斷增強智慧資本。
     2. 對於資訊軟體與服務業而言,影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目為員工附加價值、員工平均變動率、去年研發密集度、總資本週轉率、管理費用率、組織穩定度、營收成長率及主要客戶數。而重要之智慧資本構面為人力資本和顧客資本。
     3. 資訊硬體業,其影響經營績效之重要智慧資本項目為員工附加價值、研發生產力、員工平均變動率、管理費用率及產品退回比率。而重要之智慧資本構面為人力資本、創新資本及流程資本。
     4. 資訊產業中不同子產業其重要智慧資本項目和構面,會因產業特性不同而有些許差異,故企業應了解所處產業環境、競爭對象及產品特色,加強有助於經營績效提昇之智慧資本。如性質偏服務業者,應特別重視顧客資本,而偏製造業者,應重視創新及流程資本。另外,人力資本無論是在哪一種產業,其重要性都是無庸至疑的。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目 錄 I
     圖 次 II
     表 次 III
     第一章 緒 論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究問題 2
     第三節 預期貢獻 3
     第四節 論文架構與研究流程 4
     第二章 文獻探討 6
     第一節 與智慧資本分類有關的文獻 6
     第二節 與智慧資本衡量指標有關的文獻 11
     第三節 與影響經營績效因素有關的文獻 20
     第四節 與產業環境及智慧資本有關的文獻 34
     第五節 研究延伸 38
     第三章 研究設計 41
     第一節 觀念性架構 41
     第二節 研究方法 43
     第三節 研究範圍與對象 43
     第四節 變數之定義與衡量 45
     第五節 資料蒐集與分析方法 47
     第六節 研究假說 48
     第四章 實證結果分析 56
     第一節 敘述性統計 56
     第二節 迴歸分析結果 57
     第三節 主成份分析結果 65
     第四節 實證結果彙整 73
     第五章 研究結論與建議 78
     第一節 研究結論 78
     第二節 研究建議 80
     第三節 研究限制 81
     參考文獻 82
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090353002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經營績效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業環境zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊硬體業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊軟體與服務業zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 智慧資本與經營績效關聯性之探討--以我國資訊產業為實證對象zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.淺井慶三郎、清水滋,謝森展編著,服務行銷管理—服務業行銷理念及實際作法,創意力文化事業,76年3月初版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.吳思華,1984,產業特質與企業經營策略關係之研究,國立政治大學企業管理研究所博士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.周文賢,2001,多變量統計分析-SAS/STAT之應用,智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.許士軍,1987a,管理學,第七版,台北:東華書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.黃雅琪,1997,台灣電子業品質認證與研究發展對經營績效之影響,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.黃營杉,1994,企業政策,國立空中大學用書。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究—以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計學系研究碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.謝月香,2000,無形資產,國立成功大學會計學研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.傅坤泰,2001,智慧資本於企業績效評估之應用---以IC設計產業為例,私立輔仁大學金融研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.李坤致,2001,智慧資本與價值動因對企業價值影響之研究,國立中正大學企業管理研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.許受昌,2001,資訊電子產業研究發展支出與股東報酬關聯性之研究,私立東吳大學會計研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.廖芝□,2002,智慧資本與經營績效關聯之實證研究:以我國資訊電子業技術人力資本為例,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士班論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.資策會,2001,我國資訊產業智慧資本現況與未來發展趨勢,財團法人資訊工業策進會專題研究報告。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.陳育凱,2000,ISP之關鍵成功因素探討-運用AHP法,私立中國文化大學國際企業管理研究所碩士班未出版論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.朱寧馨,2001,商用套裝軟體業經營成功關鍵因素之研究,國立中山大學資訊管理學系研究所碩士未出版論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 英文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.Bamberger, I. 1989. Developing competitive advantage in small and medium-size firms. Long Range Planning 22(5): 80-88.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Bean, S. 1995. Why some R&D organizations are more productive than others. Research Technology Management 38: 25-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.Bernhard, F. 1997. The paradox of growth. America`s Network 101(21): 44-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Bukh, P.N., H.T. Larsen, and J. Mouritsen. 2001. Constructing intellecrual capital statements. Scandinavian Journal of Management 17: 87-108.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Buren, M. E. V. 1999. A yardstick for knowledge management. Training & Development Alexandria 53 (May): 71-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Brooking, A., P. Board, and S. Jones. 1998. The predictive potential of intellectual capital. International Journal of Technology Management 16: 115-125.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Byars, L. L. 1987. Organizational philosophy and mission statements. Planning Review 15 (4): 32-35zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Chauvin, K. W. and M. Hirschey. 1993. Advertising, R&D expenditures and the market value of the firm. Financial Management 22 (Winter): 128-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Cockburn, I. and Z. Griliches. 1988. Industry effects and appropriability measures in the stock market’s valuation of R&D and patents. American Economic Review 78 (2): 419-423.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Craig, J. C. and R. M. Grant. 1993. Strategic Management. Kogan Page Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Dzinknowski , R. 1998. The measurement and management of intellectual capital. Society of Management of Canada: 32-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Deeds, D. L. 2001. The role of RandD intensity, technical development and absorptive capacity in creating entrepreneurial wealth in high technology start-ups. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 18(1): 29-47.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Edvinsson, L. and M. S. Malone. 1997. Intellectual capital – realizing your company’s true value by finding its hidden brainpower. New York:Harverd Business.(林大容譯,1999,智慧資本:如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值,台北市:麥田出版,城邦文化發行。)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Ferguson, C. R. and R. Dickinson . 1982. Critical success factor for director in the eighties. Business Horizions (May/June): 14-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Financial Management Accounting Committee. 1998. The Measurement and Management of Intellectual Capital: An Introduction.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Glenn, B. 1997. Architecting the ‘new’ ISP. America’s Network 101 (11): 34-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.Gronroos, C. 1990. Service management and marketing: managing the moments of truth in service competition. Mass: Lexington.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Grossman, R. J. 2000. Measuring up: appropriate metrics help HR prove its worth. HR Magazine 45 (1): 28-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Hall, B. H. 1993. The stock market’s valuation of R&D investment during the 1980’s. The American Economic Review 83 (May): 259-264.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Hill, C. W. L. and G. R. Jones. 1989. Strategic Management Theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Hill C.W. L. and G. R. Jones. 1992. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Hirchey, Ml and J. Weygandt. 1985. Amortization policy for advertiseing and research and development expenditures. Journal of Accounting Research 23: 326-335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Jauch, L. R. and W. F. Glueck. 1989. Strategy Management and Business Policy. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24.Johnson, W. H. A. 1999. An integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital: measuring the stock and flow of intellectual components in the firm. Technology Management 18: 562-575.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25.Kogut, B. and Zander, R. 1996. What firms do? Coordination, identity and learning. Organization Science 7: 549-570.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26.Kolter, P. 1982. Marketing for Nonprofit Organization. 2nd ed., Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27.Kolter, P. 1986. Principles of Marketing. 3rd ed., New York: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28.Lee, K. and A. V. Witteloostuijn .1998. Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution. Academy of Management Journal 41(4): 425-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.Leidecker, J. K. and A. V. Bruno. 1984. Identifying and using critical success factors. Long Range Planning 17 (1): 23-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.Lev, B. and T. Sougiannis. 1996. The capitalization, amortization and value relevance of R&D innovation and commercialization stages. Academy of Management Journal 38: 770-786.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31.Pescatore, J. 1996. Providing internet service for fun and profit: Avoiding the inevitable shakeout. America`s Network 100 (11): 40-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32.Pfeffer, J. 1994. Competitive advantage through people. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33.Rockart, J. F. 1979. Chief executives define their own data needs. Harward Business Review(March/April): 81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34.Roos, J., G. Roos, L. Edvinsson, and N.C. Dragonetti. 1997. Intellecrual capital—navigating in the new business landscape. Publisher:New York University Press, Washington Squard.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35.Rushton A. and D. J. Carson. 1989. The marketing of services: managing the intangibles. European Journal of Marketing 23 (8): 23-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36.Sougiannis, T. 1994. The accounting based valuation of corporate R&D. The Accounting Review 69: 44-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37.Stewart, T. A. 1997. Intellectual capital:The New Wealth of Organizations. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. (宋偉航譯,1998,智慧資本:資訊時代的企業利基,台北市:智庫。)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38.Sveiby, K. E. 1997. The new organizational wealth-managing and measuring knowledge-based. Publisher: Berrett-Koehler Pub U. S. A. (莫菲譯,1999,無形資產致勝策略—微軟、網景、昇陽等成功企業的新財富,台北:圓智文化。)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39.Uzzi, B. 1996. The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect. American Sociological Review 61: 674-698.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40.Zeithaml V., A. Parasuraman, and L. Berry. 1985. Problems and strategies in Services Marketing. Journal of Marketing 49 (spring): 33-46.zh_TW