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題名 開放新銀行對我國金融業效率之影響
作者 邱偉琳
Chiu, Wei-Lin
貢獻者 林良楓
邱偉琳
Chiu, Wei-Lin
關鍵詞 銀行業
效率分析
資料包絡分析法
解除管制
Bank industry
Efficiency analysis
Data envelopment analysis
Deregulation
日期 2003
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 17:34:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 為了加入世界貿易組織,台灣早已自80年代逐步進行金融自由化的工作:早在1983年政府就擴大存放款利差,1984年允許銀行根據其個別情況制定基本放款利率並放寬本國銀行設立分行的家數與條件。然而金融自由化最重大的里程碑則是在1989年7月財政部修訂銀行法,開放新銀行設立並解除利率管制,自此之後台灣才真正成為金融自由化的國家。
      本研究針對1986年到2002年的本國銀行,採用資料包絡分析法計算效率值,旨在探討台灣銀行業在開放新銀行設立前後的效率與生產力變動情形。不同於其他研究僅以年度為基礎來計算相對效率值,本研究使用「大邊界」的觀念建構出單一效率邊界,更能顯示出在一致的比較基礎上效率變動的趨勢。本研究的主要結果如下:
      1.銀行業全體與開放前既存之舊銀行,在開放前的效率值均顯著大於開放後。至於開放後新舊銀行效率的比較,新銀行的整體技術效率與規模效率較高,舊銀行則在純技術效率上領先新銀行,但檢定結果僅有規模效率一項為顯著。
      2.金控子銀行的效率值較非金控子銀行為高,顯示金控公司會挑選表現好的銀行作為合作夥伴。
      3.在生產力分析部分,舊銀行開放後的總生產力仍小於開放前,儘管舊銀行在開放後的各項經營效率變動較開放前高,但因技術的大幅衰退以致整體生產力仍呈現衰退現象。顯示舊銀行雖然在效率上有所改善,但對於營運上的創新仍太過保守。
      4.在Tobit迴歸分析的部分,股東權益報酬率、資產規模、流動準備率和效率值的關係為正向;分行家數、可控制費用、催收款比率和效率值的關係則為負向。
     
     關鍵詞:銀行業、效率分析、資料包絡分析法、解除管制
In order to join World Trade Organization, Taiwan has been gradually liberating its banking industry since 1980s. In 1983 Taiwan augmented the interest difference between loans and savings in banking industry. In 1984 Taiwan allowed a bank to set its own basic interest rate of loans base on business difference and reduced the restriction of setting up the new branches. The biggest leap was in 1989, Taiwan passed the new banking law which deregulated the banking industry. The new law opened the market for the new entrants and abandoned the interest regulation.
      The purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency and productivity changes before and after deregulation of Taiwan’s banking industry. This research applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure efficiency scores. The data include most of the domestic banks in Taiwan from 1986 to 2002. Unlike other research use yearly basis to measure relative efficiency difference, this research constructs a single efficiency frontier, grand frontier, to measure the trends of efficiency changes. The major findings of this research as follows.
      1. The statistical results of the full sample exhibit that the efficiency measures before deregulation are statistically significant greater than that of after deregulation. Although the new entrants exhibit higher efficiency scores in total technical efficiency and scale efficiency than incumbents after deregulation, however, only scale efficiency indicates statistically significant level. Incumbents exhibit a higher pure technical efficiency than the new entrants after deregulation.
      2. Banks that joined the financial holding company exhibit higher efficient scores than those of do not join the financial holding company.
      3. The total factor productivity denotes a regress after deregulation. The major factor of productivity regress is due to technology decrease. However, the efficiency change of incumbent banks exhibits a significant increase after deregulation. The finding suggests that although the incumbent banks have significant improvements in efficiency, they are still too conservative in innovations.
      4. The Tobit regression suggests that return on equity (ROE), total assets, and current-reserve ratio have a positive effect on efficiency measures; however, the number of branches, controllable expenses, and bad debt ratio have a negative effect on efficiency measures.
     
     Keywords: Bank industry, Efficiency analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Deregulation
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沈中華,2000,我國金融自由化對總體經濟與產業發展的影響,行政院經濟建設委員會專題研究報告。
林棹仲,2000,銀行業因應直接金融快速成長之對策,合作金庫銀行八十八年下半年及八十九年度研究發展成果報告。
林基煌,1998,我國證券商經營績效之研究,證券金融,第58期:1-24。
林蒼祥,2004,台灣金融改革-金融制度篇,財經產業,國家展望文教基金會出版。
吳姵萱,2002,台灣銀行業之效率與風險研究,銘傳大學金融研究所碩士論文。
卓瑞祥,1997,台灣地區銀行技術效率之實證研究,銘傳大學金融研究所碩士論文。
陳昆仁,2001,台灣地區本國銀行與外商銀行經營效率之評估,東吳大學經濟學系碩士論文。
許嘉玲,1999,我國銀行業生產移轉與規模效率之研究,國立交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
莊渝萍,2002,台灣地區銀行業經營效率之研究—DEA與馬奎斯特生產力指數,長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。
黃台心、王美惠、歐陽良裕,2000,台灣銀行業投入產出技術效率與規模效率分析-資料包絡分析法之應用,東吳經濟商管學報,第31期:1-27。
廖雅亭,2003,金融控股公司成立前後台灣金融業之效率分析,國立台北大學經濟學系碩士論文。
蔡淑惠,2002,從兩岸金融現況展望台灣銀行業經營策略,合作金庫銀行九十一年度研究發展成果報告。
歐陽遠芬,1999,銀行的購併與經營績效-規模經濟、範疇經濟與效率之分析,東吳大學經濟學系碩士論文。
鍾怡如,1999,開放新銀行設立對舊銀行經營效率的影響,國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。
謝靜雯,1997,人壽保險業之競爭策略,逢甲大學保險學系碩士論文。
顏雅珊,2002,台灣地區商業銀行之經營績效評估,國立台北大學合作經濟學系碩士論文。
Aly, H. Y., R. Grabowski, C. Pasurka, and N. Rangan. 1990. Technical, scale, and allocative efficiencies in U.S. banking: An Empirical Investigation. Review of Economics and Statistics 72:211-218.
Banker, R. D., A. Charnes, and W. W. Cooper. 1984. Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science 30: 1078-1092.
Berg, A. Sigbjorn, Finn R. Forsund, and Eilev S. Jansen. 1992. Malmquist Indices of Productivity Growth During the Deregulation of Norwegian Banking 1980-89. Scandinavian Journal of Economics Supplement 94: 211-228.
Berger, Allen N., and David B. Humphrey. 1991. The dominance of inefficiency over scale and product mix economics. Journal of Monetary Economics 28: 117-148.
Berger, Allen N., and David B. Humphrey. 1997. Efficiency of Financial Institution: International Survey and Directions for Future Research. European Journal of Operational Research 98: 175-212.
Berger, Allen N., Hunter, W. C., and Timme S.G. 1993. The Efficiency of Financial Institutions: A Review and Preview of Research Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Banking and Finance 17: 221-249.
Bhattacharyya, Arunava, C.A.K Lovell, and Pankaj Sahay. 1997. The Impact of Liberalization on the Productive Efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks. European Journal of Operational Research 98: 332-345.
Charnes, A., W. W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes. 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research 2:429-444.
Cummins, J. David, Sharon Tennyson, and Mary A. Weiss. 1999. Consolidation and efficiency in the US life insurance industry. Journal of Banking and Finance 23: 352-357.
Elyasiani, E., and S. Mehdian. 1992. Productive Efficiency Performance of Minority and Nonminority-owned Banks: A Nonparametric Approach. Journal of Banking and Finance16: 933-948.
Elyasiani, E., and S. Mehdian. 1995. The comprative efficiency performance of small and large US commercial banking in the pre- and post-deregulation eras. Applied Economics 27: 1069-1079.
Farrell, M. J. 1957. The measurement of productivity efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 120: 251-283.
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Gilbert, R. A., and P. W. Wilson. 1998. Effects if deregulation on the productivity of Korean banks. Journal of Economics and Business 50: 133-155.
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Liang-Feng Lin. 2002. Deregulation and Efficiency in the Taiwan Life Insurance Industry. Ph. D. dissertation, Temple University.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
91353025
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0913530251
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林良楓zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱偉琳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Wei-Linen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邱偉琳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Wei-Linen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 17:34:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 17:34:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 17:34:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0913530251en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30276-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91353025zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 為了加入世界貿易組織,台灣早已自80年代逐步進行金融自由化的工作:早在1983年政府就擴大存放款利差,1984年允許銀行根據其個別情況制定基本放款利率並放寬本國銀行設立分行的家數與條件。然而金融自由化最重大的里程碑則是在1989年7月財政部修訂銀行法,開放新銀行設立並解除利率管制,自此之後台灣才真正成為金融自由化的國家。
      本研究針對1986年到2002年的本國銀行,採用資料包絡分析法計算效率值,旨在探討台灣銀行業在開放新銀行設立前後的效率與生產力變動情形。不同於其他研究僅以年度為基礎來計算相對效率值,本研究使用「大邊界」的觀念建構出單一效率邊界,更能顯示出在一致的比較基礎上效率變動的趨勢。本研究的主要結果如下:
      1.銀行業全體與開放前既存之舊銀行,在開放前的效率值均顯著大於開放後。至於開放後新舊銀行效率的比較,新銀行的整體技術效率與規模效率較高,舊銀行則在純技術效率上領先新銀行,但檢定結果僅有規模效率一項為顯著。
      2.金控子銀行的效率值較非金控子銀行為高,顯示金控公司會挑選表現好的銀行作為合作夥伴。
      3.在生產力分析部分,舊銀行開放後的總生產力仍小於開放前,儘管舊銀行在開放後的各項經營效率變動較開放前高,但因技術的大幅衰退以致整體生產力仍呈現衰退現象。顯示舊銀行雖然在效率上有所改善,但對於營運上的創新仍太過保守。
      4.在Tobit迴歸分析的部分,股東權益報酬率、資產規模、流動準備率和效率值的關係為正向;分行家數、可控制費用、催收款比率和效率值的關係則為負向。
     
     關鍵詞:銀行業、效率分析、資料包絡分析法、解除管制
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In order to join World Trade Organization, Taiwan has been gradually liberating its banking industry since 1980s. In 1983 Taiwan augmented the interest difference between loans and savings in banking industry. In 1984 Taiwan allowed a bank to set its own basic interest rate of loans base on business difference and reduced the restriction of setting up the new branches. The biggest leap was in 1989, Taiwan passed the new banking law which deregulated the banking industry. The new law opened the market for the new entrants and abandoned the interest regulation.
      The purpose of this research is to examine the efficiency and productivity changes before and after deregulation of Taiwan’s banking industry. This research applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to measure efficiency scores. The data include most of the domestic banks in Taiwan from 1986 to 2002. Unlike other research use yearly basis to measure relative efficiency difference, this research constructs a single efficiency frontier, grand frontier, to measure the trends of efficiency changes. The major findings of this research as follows.
      1. The statistical results of the full sample exhibit that the efficiency measures before deregulation are statistically significant greater than that of after deregulation. Although the new entrants exhibit higher efficiency scores in total technical efficiency and scale efficiency than incumbents after deregulation, however, only scale efficiency indicates statistically significant level. Incumbents exhibit a higher pure technical efficiency than the new entrants after deregulation.
      2. Banks that joined the financial holding company exhibit higher efficient scores than those of do not join the financial holding company.
      3. The total factor productivity denotes a regress after deregulation. The major factor of productivity regress is due to technology decrease. However, the efficiency change of incumbent banks exhibits a significant increase after deregulation. The finding suggests that although the incumbent banks have significant improvements in efficiency, they are still too conservative in innovations.
      4. The Tobit regression suggests that return on equity (ROE), total assets, and current-reserve ratio have a positive effect on efficiency measures; however, the number of branches, controllable expenses, and bad debt ratio have a negative effect on efficiency measures.
     
     Keywords: Bank industry, Efficiency analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Deregulation
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄…………………………………………………………………………I
     表目錄………………………………………………………………………III
     圖目錄………………………………………………………………………III
     第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………….1
      第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………….1
      第二節 研究問題…………………………………………………….2
      第三節 研究架構…………………………………………………….3
     第二章 金融產業簡介…………………………………………………….5
      第一節 金融產業之沿革…………………………………………….5
      第二節 我國金融體系……………………………………………….6
      第三節 近年來銀行業面臨的問題………………………………….11
      第四節 金融重建過程與面臨的新問題…………………………….13
     第三章 文獻回顧與實證假說…………………………………………...16
      第一節 銀行投入產出項之認定…………………………………….16
      第二節 金融業經營效率相關文獻………………………………….18
      第三節 實證假說…………………………………………………….29
     第四章 研究方法………………………………………………………….32
      第一節 資料來源與樣本…………………………………………….32
      第二節 研究方法…………………………………………………….34
      第三節 研究變數…………………………………………………….41
     第五章 實證研究結果…………………………………………………….48
      第一節 效率值之敘述統計………………………………………….48
      第二節 銀行業於開放前後之趨勢與檢定………………………….51
      第三節 舊銀行於開放前後之趨勢與檢定………………………….53
      第四節 新舊銀行於開放後的趨勢與檢定………………………...56
      第五節 金控與非金控銀行的效率趨勢與檢定…………………….62
      第六節 生產力指數分析…………………………………………….65
      第七節 Tobit迴歸分析………………………………………………67
     第六章 結論與建議……………………………………………………...71
      第一節 結論………………………………………………………….71
      第二節 建議與研究限制…………………………………………….73
     附錄一 金控子銀行與非金控子銀行一覽……………………………….75
     附錄二 新舊銀行一覽…………………………………………………….76
     附錄三 員工人數迴歸模型……………………………………………….77
     附錄四 樣本效率值……………………………………………………….78
     附錄五 採用最小平方法之迴歸估計結果……………………………….101
     附錄六 Tobit迴歸自變數之相關係數表…………………………………102
     參考文獻……………………………………………………………………103
     
     
     表目錄
     表2-1 金融機構各年度逾放比率…………………………………………12
     表4-1 樣本與資料期間……………………………………………………33
     表4-2 DEA所採用的投入產出變數……………………………………….42
     表4-3 Tobit迴歸分析所採用的變數…………………………………….47
     表5-1 大邊界下所計算之效率值之敘述統計……………………………49
     表5-2 開放前後效率值之比較……………………………………………52
     表5-3 開放前後效率值比較之檢定……………………………………..53
     表5-4 舊銀行於開放前後之效率值比較…………………………………55
     表5-5 舊銀行於開放前後效率值比較之檢定……………………………55
     表5-6 新銀行之規模報酬…………………………………………………60
     表5-7 開放新銀行設立後新舊銀行效率值比較…………………………61
     表5-8 開放新銀行設立後新舊銀行效率值比較之檢定…………………61
     表5-9 隸屬金控與非隸屬金控銀行之效率值比較………………………64
     表5-10 隸屬金控與非隸屬金控銀行之效率值檢定…………………….65
     表5-11 開放前後舊銀行之馬奎斯特指數平均值……………………….66
     表5-12 新舊銀行之馬奎斯特指數平均值(民國83年與85年比較)….67
     表5-13 Tobit迴歸結果……………………………………………………69
     
     圖目錄
     圖1-1 研究架構……………………………………………………………3
     圖2-1 現行金融體系………………………………………………………10
     圖4-1 CCR與BCC的效率邊界………………………………………………38
     圖5-1 大邊界下之效率值趨勢……………………………………………51
     圖5-2 舊銀行於開放前後之效率變動趨勢………………………………54
     圖5-3 新舊銀行於開放後之整體技術效率變動趨勢……………………57
     圖5-4 新舊銀行於開放後之純技術效率變動趨勢………………………57
     圖5-5 新舊銀行於開放後之規模效率變動趨勢…………………………59
     圖5-6 隸屬金控與非隸屬金控銀行之整體技術效率變動趨勢…………62
     圖5-7 隸屬金控與非隸屬金控銀行之純技術效率變動趨勢……………63
     圖5-8 隸屬金控與非隸屬金控銀行之規模效率變動趨勢………………63
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0913530251en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 銀行業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效率分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資料包絡分析法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 解除管制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bank industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Efficiency analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Data envelopment analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Deregulationen_US
dc.title (題名) 開放新銀行對我國金融業效率之影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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