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題名 智慧資本資金成本之初探
作者 涂展源
Tu, Chen-Yuan
貢獻者 李怡宗
Lee, Yi-Tsung
涂展源
Tu, Chen-Yuan
關鍵詞 智慧資本
資金成本
折現率
三因子模式
intellectual capital
cost of capital
discount rate
three factor model
日期 2004
上傳時間 11-Sep-2009 17:39:11 (UTC+8)
摘要 企業創造價值的來源由傳統的有形資產如土地、廠房和設備等,轉變為無形的智慧資本,然而一般公認會計原則將創造智慧資本的投入視為費用加以處理,使得企業之帳面價值與市場價值的差距日益增加,公司的管理當局及投資人在評價時面臨重大困難,因而有效的智慧資本評價方式變得十分重要。本研究目的即在探討,採用收益基礎的評價模式下,何種資金成本估計方式所估計之資金成本較能有效反應投資人在考慮企業智慧資本之特性和風險後,所要求的必要報酬率,而使得以該資金成本作為折現率,估計企業智慧資本價值,所估計之結果較能反映企業之市場價值。本研究以Fama and French之三因子模式、益本比法以及市場模式估計企業之資金成本,實證結果發現如下:\r\n(1)不同資金成本估計方式所估計之結果存有一定程度的差異,而以不同資金成本估計方式所估計之資金成本作為折現率所計算之企業智慧資本價值亦有一定程度的歧異。\r\n(2)三種估計企業資金成本的方式中,僅有Fama and French之三因子模式企業之Beta值呈正相關,而與公司規模呈負相關,為有效的資金成本估計方式。\r\n(3)複迴歸分析結果發現,以三種方式所估計之資金成本作為折現率計算之智慧資本價值均對企業價值具有價值攸關性,而以三因子模式所估計之資金成本作為折現率計算之結果價值攸關性較高。\r\n(4)若將企業依研發支出密度加以區分,在低研發支出密度公司中,以益本比法所估計之折現率計算之智慧資本價值攸關性最高;而在高研發支出密度以及零研發支出密度公司中均以三因子模式所估計之折現率計算之結果價值攸關性較高。
Intellectual capital has become the origin of value of a company. But traditional GAAP views investment that is helpful to the value of untellectual capital such as R&D and advertisement as expenses, the gap between the book value and the market value of a business has become larger. This study confer that if we value a business through income-based method, what kind of estimated method of cost of capital should we use to make the estimated value of intellectual capital reflect the value of a business more efficiently. In this study we estimated cost of capital using three estimated method: factor model of Fama and French, earning to price ratio(E/P ratio), and market model, and we find:\r\n1.If we use different kind of estimated methods, the estimated cost of capital can be different from each other. And if we use different kinds of cost of capital as discount rate, the estimated value of intellectual capital can be different from each other too.\r\n2.Only the cost of capital that estimated through three factor model can be a effective method to estimate cost of capital of a company.\r\n3.The value of intellectual capital can reflect the market value of the company when we use the cost of capital estimated through factor model, E/P ratio, and marlet model as the discount rate, and the result of Wald test suggest that using the cost of capital estimated by factor model as the discount rate to calculate the value of intellectual capital can reflect the market value more effeciently than others.\r\n4.If we divide our sample into three group using the density of their R&D expenditure, we find that the cost of capital estimated by factor model can be the most efficient if a company has a higher R&D orzero expenditure.
參考文獻 中文部分
吳安妮,2002,剖析智慧資本,會計研究月刊,第204期(11月):57-66。
吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究—以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
吳鑑芝,2003,智慧資本與企業價值之攸關性探討,私立中原大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
邱碧珠,2000,資訊揭露程度與權益資金成本間之關係:我國資訊電子業之關係,國立台灣大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
周文賢,2002,多變量統計分析—SAS/STAT使用分析,智勝文化事業有限公司。
林欣怡,2003,公司資訊透明度與資金成本關係探討,國立中山大學財務管理學系未出版碩士論文。
林怡芳,2002,市場價值與帳面價值之差異探討─以IC設計產業為例,國立台灣大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
林明德,2003,智慧資本價值攸關性與決定因素之探討,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
林郁昕,2000,財務資訊與智慧資本密集企業價值攸關性之探討,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
林勝結,2001,智慧資本與企業價值關係之研究,國立中正大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
洪榮華、雷雅淇,2002,公司規模、股價、益本比、淨值市價比與股票報酬關係之實證研究,管理評論21卷第3期:25-48。
徐裕欽,2004,我國上市公司董監事會特性與資金成本關連性之研究,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
張毓芳,2003,智慧資本價值攸關性,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
陳榮昌,2002,台灣股票報酬之結構分析,國立中山大學財務管理學系未出版碩士論文。
陳夢茹,2002,由經濟附加價值(EVA)檢視產業間價值驅動因子之差異性,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
黃潔,2001,商標權之價值攸關性研究,國立中正大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
劉正田,2000,企業智慧資本價值評估問題之探討,會計研究月刊,第170期(1月):21-28。
劉正田,2002,無形資產、成長機會與報票報酬關連性之研究,會計評論,第35期(7月):1-26。
劉昭志,2003,智慧資產評價、融資彈性與降低銀行放款風險之研究-以中小企業為例,國立中正大學企業管理學系未出版碩士論文。
鄭淑如,2004,智慧資本與市價淨值比及傳統績效指標關連性之研究,私立輔仁大學會計系未出版碩士論文。
英文部分
Ariel, R. 1998. Risk adjusted discount rates and the present value of risky costs. The Financial Review 33(Feb.):17-29.
Barth, M. E. and G. Clinch. 1998. Revalued financial, tangible and intangible assets: associations with share prices and non-market-based value estimates. Journal of Accounting Research 36:199-233.
Biddle, G. C., G. S. Seow, and A. F. Siegel. 1995. Relative versus incremental information content. Contemporary Accounting Research 12:1-23.
Bosworth, D. and G. Jobome. 1999. The measurement and management of risk in R&D and innovation. International Journal of Technology Management 18: 476-499.
Botosan, C. A. 1997. Disclosure level and the cost of equity capital. The Accounting Review 72(July):323-349.
Botosan, C.A. and M. Plumlee. 2002. A re-examination of disclosure level and the expected cost of equity capital. Journal of Accounting Research 40:21-40.
Dechow, P.M. 1994. Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firmPerformance: The role of accounting accruals, Journal of Accounting and Economics 18(January):3-42.
Easton, P., G. Taylor, P. Shorff, and T. Sougiannis. 2002. Using forecasts of earnings to simultaneously estimated growth and the rate of return on equity investment. Journal of Accounting Research 40:657-676。
Easton,P. and S. Monahan. 2003. An evaluation of the reliability of accounting based measures of expected returns: A measurement error perspective. Working paper. Insead.
Elifson, K., R. P. Runyon, and A. Haber.1998. Fundamentals of Social Statistics. 3rd ed. MeGraw-Hill.
Fama, E. F. and K. R. French. 1992. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics 33:3-56.
Gebhardt, W., C. Lee, and B. Swaminathan. 2001. Toward an implied cost of capital. Journal of Accounting Research 39:135-176.
Gitman, L. and V. Mercurio. 1982. Cost of capital techniques used by major U.S. firms:Survey and analysis of Fortune`s 1000. Financial Management:21-29.
Gode, D. and P. Mohanram. 2003. Inferring the cost of capital using the Ohlson-Juettner model. Review of Accounting Studies 8:399-431.
Gu, F. and B. Lev. 2001. Intangible assets, measurement, drivers, usefulness. Working paper, Boston University and New York University.
Hill, R. C., W. E. Grittiths, and G. G. Judge. 1997. Undergraduate Econometrics. 2nd ed. John Willey & Sons.
Hribar, P. and N. T. Jenkins. 2004. The effect of accounting restatements on earnings revisions and the estimated cost of capital. Review of Accounting Studies 9:337-356.
Lewellen, W. G. and S. G.Badrinath. 1996. On the measurement of Tobin`s q. Journal of Financial Economics 44:77-122.
Liu, J., D. Nissim, and J. Thomas. 2002. Equity valuation using multiples. Journal of Accounting Research 40:135-172.
Ohlson, J. and B. Juettner-Nauroth. 2001. Expected EPS and EPS growth as determinants of value. Working paper, New York University.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
92353043
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923530431
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李怡宗zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Yi-Tsungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 涂展源zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tu, Chen-Yuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 涂展源zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tu, Chen-Yuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Sep-2009 17:39:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Sep-2009 17:39:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Sep-2009 17:39:11 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0923530431en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=31569-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92353043zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 企業創造價值的來源由傳統的有形資產如土地、廠房和設備等,轉變為無形的智慧資本,然而一般公認會計原則將創造智慧資本的投入視為費用加以處理,使得企業之帳面價值與市場價值的差距日益增加,公司的管理當局及投資人在評價時面臨重大困難,因而有效的智慧資本評價方式變得十分重要。本研究目的即在探討,採用收益基礎的評價模式下,何種資金成本估計方式所估計之資金成本較能有效反應投資人在考慮企業智慧資本之特性和風險後,所要求的必要報酬率,而使得以該資金成本作為折現率,估計企業智慧資本價值,所估計之結果較能反映企業之市場價值。本研究以Fama and French之三因子模式、益本比法以及市場模式估計企業之資金成本,實證結果發現如下:\r\n(1)不同資金成本估計方式所估計之結果存有一定程度的差異,而以不同資金成本估計方式所估計之資金成本作為折現率所計算之企業智慧資本價值亦有一定程度的歧異。\r\n(2)三種估計企業資金成本的方式中,僅有Fama and French之三因子模式企業之Beta值呈正相關,而與公司規模呈負相關,為有效的資金成本估計方式。\r\n(3)複迴歸分析結果發現,以三種方式所估計之資金成本作為折現率計算之智慧資本價值均對企業價值具有價值攸關性,而以三因子模式所估計之資金成本作為折現率計算之結果價值攸關性較高。\r\n(4)若將企業依研發支出密度加以區分,在低研發支出密度公司中,以益本比法所估計之折現率計算之智慧資本價值攸關性最高;而在高研發支出密度以及零研發支出密度公司中均以三因子模式所估計之折現率計算之結果價值攸關性較高。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Intellectual capital has become the origin of value of a company. But traditional GAAP views investment that is helpful to the value of untellectual capital such as R&D and advertisement as expenses, the gap between the book value and the market value of a business has become larger. This study confer that if we value a business through income-based method, what kind of estimated method of cost of capital should we use to make the estimated value of intellectual capital reflect the value of a business more efficiently. In this study we estimated cost of capital using three estimated method: factor model of Fama and French, earning to price ratio(E/P ratio), and market model, and we find:\r\n1.If we use different kind of estimated methods, the estimated cost of capital can be different from each other. And if we use different kinds of cost of capital as discount rate, the estimated value of intellectual capital can be different from each other too.\r\n2.Only the cost of capital that estimated through three factor model can be a effective method to estimate cost of capital of a company.\r\n3.The value of intellectual capital can reflect the market value of the company when we use the cost of capital estimated through factor model, E/P ratio, and marlet model as the discount rate, and the result of Wald test suggest that using the cost of capital estimated by factor model as the discount rate to calculate the value of intellectual capital can reflect the market value more effeciently than others.\r\n4.If we divide our sample into three group using the density of their R&D expenditure, we find that the cost of capital estimated by factor model can be the most efficient if a company has a higher R&D orzero expenditure.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1\r\n第一節 研究動機與目的 1\r\n第二節 研究問題 4\r\n第三節 研究架構 6\r\n第二章 文獻探討 8\r\n第一節 智慧資本評價方式 8\r\n第二節 資金成本估計方式 14\r\n第三節 資金成本有效性(EFFECTIVENESS)之衡量 19\r\n第四節 資金成本一致性(CONCORDANCE)之衡量 21\r\n第五節 智慧資本之價值攸關性 23\r\n第三章 研究方法 27\r\n第一節 研究假說 27\r\n第二節 研究變數 32\r\n第三節 樣本來源與資料處理 41\r\n第四節 資料分析方法 43\r\n第四章 實證結果與分析 49\r\n第一節 敘述性統計分析 49\r\n第二節 估計資金成本之一致性(CONCORDANCE)程度 60\r\n第三節 估計資金成本之有效性 65\r\n第四節 智慧資本之價值攸關性 77\r\n第五節 不同研發支出密度公司之智慧資本價值攸關性 85\r\n第五章 結論與建議 103\r\n第一節 研究結論 103\r\n第二節 研究限制 106\r\n第三節 未來研究之建議 107\r\n參考文獻 108zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923530431en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資金成本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 折現率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 三因子模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) intellectual capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cost of capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) discount rateen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) three factor modelen_US
dc.title (題名) 智慧資本資金成本之初探zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳安妮,2002,剖析智慧資本,會計研究月刊,第204期(11月):57-66。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究—以我國資訊電子業為例,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳鑑芝,2003,智慧資本與企業價值之攸關性探討,私立中原大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱碧珠,2000,資訊揭露程度與權益資金成本間之關係:我國資訊電子業之關係,國立台灣大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周文賢,2002,多變量統計分析—SAS/STAT使用分析,智勝文化事業有限公司。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林欣怡,2003,公司資訊透明度與資金成本關係探討,國立中山大學財務管理學系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林怡芳,2002,市場價值與帳面價值之差異探討─以IC設計產業為例,國立台灣大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林明德,2003,智慧資本價值攸關性與決定因素之探討,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林郁昕,2000,財務資訊與智慧資本密集企業價值攸關性之探討,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林勝結,2001,智慧資本與企業價值關係之研究,國立中正大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪榮華、雷雅淇,2002,公司規模、股價、益本比、淨值市價比與股票報酬關係之實證研究,管理評論21卷第3期:25-48。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐裕欽,2004,我國上市公司董監事會特性與資金成本關連性之研究,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張毓芳,2003,智慧資本價值攸關性,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳榮昌,2002,台灣股票報酬之結構分析,國立中山大學財務管理學系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳夢茹,2002,由經濟附加價值(EVA)檢視產業間價值驅動因子之差異性,國立政治大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃潔,2001,商標權之價值攸關性研究,國立中正大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉正田,2000,企業智慧資本價值評估問題之探討,會計研究月刊,第170期(1月):21-28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉正田,2002,無形資產、成長機會與報票報酬關連性之研究,會計評論,第35期(7月):1-26。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉昭志,2003,智慧資產評價、融資彈性與降低銀行放款風險之研究-以中小企業為例,國立中正大學企業管理學系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭淑如,2004,智慧資本與市價淨值比及傳統績效指標關連性之研究,私立輔仁大學會計系未出版碩士論文。zh_TW
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