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題名 全球貨櫃航運業者之競爭策略研究 - 以NOL/APL個案為例
The competitive strategy of global container shipping industry - The case of NOL/APL
作者 周美惠
Chou, May
貢獻者 林柏生
Lin , Po Sheng
周美惠
Chou, May
關鍵詞 container shipping industry
merger & acquisition
competitive advantage
choice of strategy
key success factors
日期 2008
上傳時間 12-Sep-2009 12:40:49 (UTC+8)
摘要 
The container shipping industry is essentially a service industry, based on the derived need of shippers wanting to transport their goods to buyers around the world. The industry relies on the volume of world trade and consequently is highly cyclical with its profitability being dependent, in large part, on the health of the global economy. It is also a highly capital intensive industry that requires large amount of investment in large scale fixed assets, such as ocean vessels, ports facilities, terminal equipments, global office networks and communication infrastructure.

The industry has been undergoing a period of restructuring and consolidation in the 1990s, reflected in both merger and acquisition and in the formation of global alliances. This paper will explore the literature on growth alternatives and competitive advantages of the industry. The specific case on NOL/APL growth path and its key success factors of strategy-performance relationship will also be identified. This paper will conclude by making some suggestions on longer-term strategy for the company in order to generate sustainable profitability and financial success for the NOL/APL group.
參考文獻 Alix, Y., Slack, B., & Comtoies, C. (1999). Alliance or acquisition? Strategies for growth in the container shipping industry, the case of CP ships. Journal of Transport Geography, 7, pp. 203-208.
Barney, J. (1991) Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, pp. 99-120.
Conner, KR. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organisation economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management , 17, pp. 124-154.
Cullinane, K., & Khanna, M. (2000). Economies of scale in container shipping: optimal size and geographical implications. Journal of Transport Geography, 8, pp. 181-196.
Dekker, Neil. The Drewry Container Market Annual Report. (2006-2008). London, UK. Drewry Shipping Consultants.
Dierickx, I. & Cool, K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35, pp. 1504-1511.
Evangelista P & Morvillo A. (1999). Alliances in liner shipping: an instrument to gain operational efficiency or supply chain integration? International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 2, pp. 21-38.
Evangelista, P. & Morvillo, A. (2000). Cooperative strategies in international and Italian liner shipping. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 2, pp. 1-16.
Foss, N. (1996). Strategy, economics and Michael Porter. Journal of Management Studies. 33, pp. 1-24.
Fossey, John (Oct. 1994). Birth of the global alliance. Containerisation International, pp. 49-55.
Fusillo, M. (2003). Excess capacity and entry deterrence: The case of ocean liner shipping markets. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 5, pp. 100–115.
Gardiner, P. (1997). The Liner Market, London : Lloyd`s of London Press.
Grant, RM. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33, pp. 114-135.
Hingorani, N., Moore, D., & Tornqvist, K. (2005). Setting a new course in the container shipping industry. Transportation Report. New York: IBM Corporation.
Imai, A., Nishimura, E., Papadimitriou, S. & Liu, M. (2006). The economic viability of container mega-ships. Transportation Research, E42, pp. 21-41.
Kim, S. M. (1998). Economics of scale in container shipping. Maritime Policy and Management, 25(4), pp. 361-373.
Kim, W. Chan, Mauborgne, Renee (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy : how to creat uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant, USA: Harvard Business School Press.
Mahoney, JT & Pandian, JR. (1992). The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13, pp. 363-380.
McGee, J & Thomas, H. (1986). Strategic groups: theory, research, and taxonomy. Strategic Management Journal, 7, pp. 141-160.
Meersman, H., Moglia, F., & De Voore, E. V. (2000). Do mergers and alliances influence European shipping and port competition? Maritime Policy and Management, 27(4), pp. 363-373.
Midoro, R & Pitto, A. (2000). A critical evaluation of strategic alliances in liner shipping. Maritime Policy and Management, 27, pp. 31-40.
NOL Annual Reports 2001 -2008. July, 2009. http://www.nol.com/
Notteboom, T. (2004). Container shipping and ports: an overview. Review of Network Economics, 3(2), pp. 86–106.
Panayides, PhM., & Cullinane, K. (2002). Competitive advantage in liner shipping. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 4, pp. 189-209.
Panayides, PhM. & Song, D. W. (2001). Liner shipping strategic alliances as co-operative games: A conceptual framework. Proceedings of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Conference, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, 1st ed, U.S.A.: Free Press.
Ryoo, D. K., & Thanopoulou, H. A. (1999). Liner alliances in the globalization era: A strategic tool for Asian container carriers. Maritime Policy and Management, 26(4), pp. 349-367.
Slack, B. C., & Comtois, R. M. (2002). Strategic alliances in the container shipping industry: A global perspective. Maritime Policy and Management, 29(1), pp. 65-76.
Song, D. W., Panayides, PhM., & Wang, T. F. (2001). Inter-organisational relations in liner shipping as a cooperative game. Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 3, pp. 247-262.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, pp. 171-180.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
95952020
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林柏生zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin , Po Shengen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周美惠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chou, Mayen_US
dc.creator (作者) 周美惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chou, Mayen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 12-Sep-2009 12:40:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 12-Sep-2009 12:40:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-Sep-2009 12:40:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095932020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30693-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95952020zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The container shipping industry is essentially a service industry, based on the derived need of shippers wanting to transport their goods to buyers around the world. The industry relies on the volume of world trade and consequently is highly cyclical with its profitability being dependent, in large part, on the health of the global economy. It is also a highly capital intensive industry that requires large amount of investment in large scale fixed assets, such as ocean vessels, ports facilities, terminal equipments, global office networks and communication infrastructure.

The industry has been undergoing a period of restructuring and consolidation in the 1990s, reflected in both merger and acquisition and in the formation of global alliances. This paper will explore the literature on growth alternatives and competitive advantages of the industry. The specific case on NOL/APL growth path and its key success factors of strategy-performance relationship will also be identified. This paper will conclude by making some suggestions on longer-term strategy for the company in order to generate sustainable profitability and financial success for the NOL/APL group.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPER 1 INTRODUCTION----p.1
1.1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
1.2 METHODOLOGY AND STRUCTURE
1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.3.1 Porter’s competitive strategy framework
1.3.2 Strategic alliances, mergers and acquisition (M&A) 1.3.3 The resource-based theory

CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND TREND----p.11
2.1 THE SEA TRANSPORT SYSTEM
2.2 GROWTH OF WORLD TRADE AND CONTAINER TRADE
2.3 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS CYCLE
2.4 TRENDS IN CONTAINER SHIPPING MARKET
2.4.1 Ship sizes keep growing
2.4.2 Strategic alliances and Merger & Acquistion
2.4.3 Increasing degree of concentration and competition

CHAPTER 3 COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS----p.29
3.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS - LOW
3.1.1 Industry growth – Increase volumes of world trade
3.1.2 High scale threshold
3.1.3 Government policy
3.1.4 Industry consolidation
3.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES - LOW
3.3 SUPPLIER POWER – MEDIUM TO LOW
3.3.1 Threat of vertical forward integration
3.3.2 Diverse number of geographically dispersed suppliers
3.4 BUYER POWER – MEDIUM TO HIGH
3.4.1 Diverse number of varying sized buyers
3.4.2 Low threat of backward vertical integration
3.4.3 Low buyer switching costs
3.5 DEGREE OF RIVALRY - HIGH
3.5.1 Increasing overlapping of trade routes
3.5.2 Cyclical demand
3.5.3 Structural overcapacity in the industry
3.5.4 Volatile rivalry due to cultural diversity of rivals 3.5.5 Anti-trust immunity of carriers in N. America

CHAPTER 4 EVOLUTION OF NEPTUNE ORIENT LINES----p.44
4. 1 ESTABLISHING NEPTUNE ORIENT GROUP
4.1.1 Birth of NOL
4.1.2 Legacy of APL
4.1.3 Motives for the Acquisition
4.1.4 Synergies
4.1.5 NOL today
4.2 CORPORATE STRUCTURE AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
4.3 ANALYSIS OF NOL FINANCIAL NUMBERS

CHAPTER 5 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS-----p.54
5.1 STRATEGIC CLARITY
5. 2 COST REDUCTION
5.3 MARGIN INCREASES
5.4 CUSTOMER FOCUS AND GROWTH
5.5 SUSTAINING LEADERSHIP

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION----p.69
6.1 CONCLUSION
6.2 SUGGESTION

REFERENCE
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) container shipping industryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) merger & acquisitionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) competitive advantageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) choice of strategyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) key success factorsen_US
dc.title (題名) 全球貨櫃航運業者之競爭策略研究 - 以NOL/APL個案為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The competitive strategy of global container shipping industry - The case of NOL/APLen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alix, Y., Slack, B., & Comtoies, C. (1999). Alliance or acquisition? Strategies for growth in the container shipping industry, the case of CP ships. Journal of Transport Geography, 7, pp. 203-208.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barney, J. (1991) Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, pp. 99-120.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conner, KR. (1991). A historical comparison of resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organisation economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management , 17, pp. 124-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cullinane, K., & Khanna, M. (2000). Economies of scale in container shipping: optimal size and geographical implications. Journal of Transport Geography, 8, pp. 181-196.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dekker, Neil. The Drewry Container Market Annual Report. (2006-2008). London, UK. Drewry Shipping Consultants.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dierickx, I. & Cool, K. (1989). Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35, pp. 1504-1511.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Evangelista P & Morvillo A. (1999). Alliances in liner shipping: an instrument to gain operational efficiency or supply chain integration? International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 2, pp. 21-38.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Evangelista, P. & Morvillo, A. (2000). Cooperative strategies in international and Italian liner shipping. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 2, pp. 1-16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Foss, N. (1996). Strategy, economics and Michael Porter. Journal of Management Studies. 33, pp. 1-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fossey, John (Oct. 1994). Birth of the global alliance. Containerisation International, pp. 49-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fusillo, M. (2003). Excess capacity and entry deterrence: The case of ocean liner shipping markets. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 5, pp. 100–115.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gardiner, P. (1997). The Liner Market, London : Lloyd`s of London Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grant, RM. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33, pp. 114-135.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hingorani, N., Moore, D., & Tornqvist, K. (2005). Setting a new course in the container shipping industry. Transportation Report. New York: IBM Corporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Imai, A., Nishimura, E., Papadimitriou, S. & Liu, M. (2006). The economic viability of container mega-ships. Transportation Research, E42, pp. 21-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, S. M. (1998). Economics of scale in container shipping. Maritime Policy and Management, 25(4), pp. 361-373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, W. Chan, Mauborgne, Renee (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy : how to creat uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant, USA: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mahoney, JT & Pandian, JR. (1992). The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 13, pp. 363-380.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGee, J & Thomas, H. (1986). Strategic groups: theory, research, and taxonomy. Strategic Management Journal, 7, pp. 141-160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Meersman, H., Moglia, F., & De Voore, E. V. (2000). Do mergers and alliances influence European shipping and port competition? Maritime Policy and Management, 27(4), pp. 363-373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Midoro, R & Pitto, A. (2000). A critical evaluation of strategic alliances in liner shipping. Maritime Policy and Management, 27, pp. 31-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) NOL Annual Reports 2001 -2008. July, 2009. http://www.nol.com/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Notteboom, T. (2004). Container shipping and ports: an overview. Review of Network Economics, 3(2), pp. 86–106.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Panayides, PhM., & Cullinane, K. (2002). Competitive advantage in liner shipping. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 4, pp. 189-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Panayides, PhM. & Song, D. W. (2001). Liner shipping strategic alliances as co-operative games: A conceptual framework. Proceedings of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Conference, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, 1st ed, U.S.A.: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryoo, D. K., & Thanopoulou, H. A. (1999). Liner alliances in the globalization era: A strategic tool for Asian container carriers. Maritime Policy and Management, 26(4), pp. 349-367.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Slack, B. C., & Comtois, R. M. (2002). Strategic alliances in the container shipping industry: A global perspective. Maritime Policy and Management, 29(1), pp. 65-76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Song, D. W., Panayides, PhM., & Wang, T. F. (2001). Inter-organisational relations in liner shipping as a cooperative game. Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 3, pp. 247-262.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, pp. 171-180.zh_TW