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題名 臺灣地區服務業就業趨勢之年齡、年代及世代分析
作者 郭雅雅
貢獻者 江振東
郭雅雅
關鍵詞 服務業就業趨勢
年齡-年代-世代模型
本質估計量
The trend of employment in service-producing industries
Age-Period-Cohort model
Intrinsic Estimator
日期 2005
上傳時間 2009-09-14
摘要 隨著經濟發展與所得水準提升,臺灣地區就業人口由早期的第一級產業-農林漁牧業逐漸移向第二級產業-工業,再由第二級產業轉移至第三級產業-服務業。為瞭解臺灣地區服務業就業之趨勢,國內多數研究僅就蒐集資料以年齡、年代或世代三方面分別作探討,本文則改採流行病學領域中所廣泛使用之年齡-年代-世代模型(Age-Period-Cohort Model),就行政院主計處「人力資源調查」資料來作分析。但年齡、年代與世代三者間存在共線性問題(即世代=年代-年齡),導致迴歸模型產生無限多組解,為了自其中選出一組較適當之參數估計值,文獻中提供了許多不同形式的解決方法。本文則採用Fu(2000)所提出之本質估計量(Intrinsic Estimator,簡稱IE),這是一種不受參數限制式影響的估計方式。我們除了藉以取得惟一的參數估計值,進而分析年齡、年代及世代效應對服務業就業比率之影響外,並與傳統之受限廣義線性模型估計量(Constrained Generalized Linear Models Estimator,簡稱CGLIME)作一比較,來說明採用本質估計量之優點及方便之處。
Along with economical development and higher income level, Taiwan area employed population has gradually been switching from farming, forestry, fishing and animal husbandry to goods-producing industries, and then onto services-producing industries. In order to understand the trend of employment in service-producing industries in Taiwan, most domestic studies focus on the aspects of age, period or cohort separately. We, instead, adopt the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model, which is well recognized in the epidemiology, to analyze the data from “Manpower Surveys” conducted by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. in this study.
     However, due to the collinearity among the age, period, and cohort effects, the APC model suffers from the identifiability problem. Some possible solutions have been provided in the literature. Among them, the Constrained Generalized Linear Models Estimator (CGIME) is undoubtedly the most popular choice, while the Intrinsic Estimator (IE) (Fu (2000)), which is invariant to the constraint selected to obtain the parameter estimates, is less well-known. We compare the results obtained from IE with that of CGIME in this study, and discuss the advantages of using the Intrinsic Estimator.
參考文獻 1.行政院主計處(2005)。中民國台灣地區國民經濟動向統計季報,108,7。
2.行政院主計處(2004)。中華民國臺灣地區人力資源調查統計年報,48–51。
3.李文宗(1994)。年齡─年代─世代分析方法新探,國立台灣大學公共衛生研究所博士論文。
4.Decarli, A., and La Vecchia, C.(1987),“Age, Period and Cohort Models: A Review of Knowledge and Implementation in GLIM”, Rivista Statistica Applicata 20: 397–410.
5.Fienberg,S.E., and Mason,W.M.(1978),“Identification and Estimation of Age-Period-Cohort Models in the Analysis of Discrete Archival Data”, Sociological Methodology 8: 1–67.
6.Frost,W.H. (1939),“The Age Selection of Mortality from Tuberculosis in Successive Decades”, Amreican Joural of Hygiene 30: 92–96.
7.Fu,W.J.(2000),“Ridge Estimator in Singular Design with Application to Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Disease Rates”, Communications in Statistics–Theory and Method 29: 263–278.
8.Kupper,L.L., Janis,J.M., Salama,I.A., Yoshizawa,C.N., and Greenberg,B.G.(1983),“Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: An Illustration of the Problems in Assessing Interaction in One Observation Per Cell Data”, Communications in Statistics–Theory and Method 12: 2779–2807.
9.Osmond,C., and Gardner,M.J.(1982),“Age, Period and Cohort Models Applied to Cancer Mortality”, Statistics in Medicine 1: 245–259.
10.Robertson, C., and Boyle, P. (1986),“ Age, Period and Cohort Models: The Use of Individual Records”, Statistics in Medicine 5: 527–538.
11.Yang,Y., Fu,W.J., and Land,K.C.(2004),“A Methodological Comparison of Age-Period-Cohort Models: The Intrinsic Estimator and Conventional Generalized Linear Models”, Sociological Methodology 34: 75–110.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計研究所
92354015
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923540151
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 江振東zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 郭雅雅zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 郭雅雅zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2009-09-14-
dc.date.available 2009-09-14-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2009-09-14-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0923540151en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/30947-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92354015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著經濟發展與所得水準提升,臺灣地區就業人口由早期的第一級產業-農林漁牧業逐漸移向第二級產業-工業,再由第二級產業轉移至第三級產業-服務業。為瞭解臺灣地區服務業就業之趨勢,國內多數研究僅就蒐集資料以年齡、年代或世代三方面分別作探討,本文則改採流行病學領域中所廣泛使用之年齡-年代-世代模型(Age-Period-Cohort Model),就行政院主計處「人力資源調查」資料來作分析。但年齡、年代與世代三者間存在共線性問題(即世代=年代-年齡),導致迴歸模型產生無限多組解,為了自其中選出一組較適當之參數估計值,文獻中提供了許多不同形式的解決方法。本文則採用Fu(2000)所提出之本質估計量(Intrinsic Estimator,簡稱IE),這是一種不受參數限制式影響的估計方式。我們除了藉以取得惟一的參數估計值,進而分析年齡、年代及世代效應對服務業就業比率之影響外,並與傳統之受限廣義線性模型估計量(Constrained Generalized Linear Models Estimator,簡稱CGLIME)作一比較,來說明採用本質估計量之優點及方便之處。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Along with economical development and higher income level, Taiwan area employed population has gradually been switching from farming, forestry, fishing and animal husbandry to goods-producing industries, and then onto services-producing industries. In order to understand the trend of employment in service-producing industries in Taiwan, most domestic studies focus on the aspects of age, period or cohort separately. We, instead, adopt the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model, which is well recognized in the epidemiology, to analyze the data from “Manpower Surveys” conducted by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. in this study.
     However, due to the collinearity among the age, period, and cohort effects, the APC model suffers from the identifiability problem. Some possible solutions have been provided in the literature. Among them, the Constrained Generalized Linear Models Estimator (CGIME) is undoubtedly the most popular choice, while the Intrinsic Estimator (IE) (Fu (2000)), which is invariant to the constraint selected to obtain the parameter estimates, is less well-known. We compare the results obtained from IE with that of CGIME in this study, and discuss the advantages of using the Intrinsic Estimator.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究目的 3
     第三節 章節架構 3
     第二章 文獻探討 5
     第一節 年齡-年代-世代分析之基本概念 5
     第二節 年齡-年代-世代模型 8
     第三節 年齡-年代-世代分析方法 9
     第三章 理論架構與實證模型 15
     第一節 研究方法 15
     第二節 模擬分析 18
     第四章 資料分析 29
     第一節 名詞定義與範圍 29
     第二節 資料來源與整理 29
     第三節 受限廣義線性模型估計量方法 32
     第四節 本質估計量方法 37
     第五章 結論與建議 40
     第一節 結論 40
     第二節 檢討與建議 40
     參考文獻 42
     附錄一 44
     附錄二 45
     附錄三 46
     附錄四 47
     
     圖  目  錄
     圖1-1 三級產業就業比率趨勢 2
     圖2-1 參數估計向量 之分解圖 13
     圖3-1 參數估計向量 及 之分解圖 16
     圖3-2 模型A:年齡效應 22
     圖3-3 模型A:年代效應 22
     圖3-4 模型A:世代效應 22
     圖3-5 模型P:年齡效應 23
     圖3-6 模型P:年代效應 23
     圖3-7 模型P:世代效應 23
     圖3-8 模型C:年齡效應 24
     圖3-9 模型C:年代效應 24
     圖3-10 模型C:世代效應 24
     圖3-11 模型AP:年齡效應 25
     圖3-12 模型AP:年代效應 25
     圖3-13 模型AP:世代效應 25
     
     圖3-14 模型AC:年齡效應 26
     圖3-15 模型AC:年代效應 26
     圖3-16 模型AC:世代效應 26
     圖3-17 模型PC:年齡效應 27
     圖3-18 模型PC:年代效應 27
     圖3-19 模型PC:世代效應 27
     圖4-1 年齡效應-CGLIME 36
     圖4-2 年代效應-CGLIME 36
     圖4-3 世代效應-CGLIME 36
     圖4-4 年齡效應-IE&CGLIME 39
     圖4-5 年代效應-IE&CGLIME 39
     圖4-6 世代效應-IE&CGLIME 39
     
     
     表  目  錄
     表2-1 二維表 6
     表2-2 Robertson與Boyle(1986)之二維表 11
     表3-1  值 19
     表3-2 參數值及IE模擬結果 20
     表3-3 二維表-世代參數表示圖 28
     表4-1 服務業就業人數 31
     表4-2 就業總人數 31
     表4-3 服務業就業比率 31
     表4-4 服務業就業比率-CGLIME之參數估計值 34
     表4-5 服務業就業比率-CGLIME之概度比檢定 35
     表4-6 服務業就業比率-CGLIME(A**PC)之參數估計值 38
     表4-7 服務業就業比率-IE之參數估計值 38
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923540151en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 服務業就業趨勢zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 年齡-年代-世代模型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 本質估計量zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) The trend of employment in service-producing industriesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Age-Period-Cohort modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intrinsic Estimatoren_US
dc.title (題名) 臺灣地區服務業就業趨勢之年齡、年代及世代分析zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.行政院主計處(2005)。中民國台灣地區國民經濟動向統計季報,108,7。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.行政院主計處(2004)。中華民國臺灣地區人力資源調查統計年報,48–51。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.李文宗(1994)。年齡─年代─世代分析方法新探,國立台灣大學公共衛生研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.Decarli, A., and La Vecchia, C.(1987),“Age, Period and Cohort Models: A Review of Knowledge and Implementation in GLIM”, Rivista Statistica Applicata 20: 397–410.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.Fienberg,S.E., and Mason,W.M.(1978),“Identification and Estimation of Age-Period-Cohort Models in the Analysis of Discrete Archival Data”, Sociological Methodology 8: 1–67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.Frost,W.H. (1939),“The Age Selection of Mortality from Tuberculosis in Successive Decades”, Amreican Joural of Hygiene 30: 92–96.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.Fu,W.J.(2000),“Ridge Estimator in Singular Design with Application to Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Disease Rates”, Communications in Statistics–Theory and Method 29: 263–278.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Kupper,L.L., Janis,J.M., Salama,I.A., Yoshizawa,C.N., and Greenberg,B.G.(1983),“Age-Period-Cohort Analysis: An Illustration of the Problems in Assessing Interaction in One Observation Per Cell Data”, Communications in Statistics–Theory and Method 12: 2779–2807.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Osmond,C., and Gardner,M.J.(1982),“Age, Period and Cohort Models Applied to Cancer Mortality”, Statistics in Medicine 1: 245–259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Robertson, C., and Boyle, P. (1986),“ Age, Period and Cohort Models: The Use of Individual Records”, Statistics in Medicine 5: 527–538.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Yang,Y., Fu,W.J., and Land,K.C.(2004),“A Methodological Comparison of Age-Period-Cohort Models: The Intrinsic Estimator and Conventional Generalized Linear Models”, Sociological Methodology 34: 75–110.zh_TW