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題名 動態創新模組應用在組織管理能力上之研究
A dynamic model of managing business capabilities for sustained innovation
作者 廖良諭
Liao , Liang Yu
貢獻者 尚孝純
Shang, Shari S. C.
廖良諭
Liao , Liang Yu
關鍵詞 創新
能耐
創業
innovation
capabilities
entrepreneurship
日期 2007
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 09:19:39 (UTC+8)
摘要 企業如何建立持續創新的能力,以創業以及動態能耐的角度去分析
World enterprises are facing the challenge of continuous innovation to compete and to sustain their market positions, and they are under great pressure to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in their external environments. Innovation can be characterized as a synthesis of process, product, and knowledge that leads to increased business growth and higher performance. An organization may accelerate innovation with better capabilities of managing critical resources. Business leadership and the capability to manage organizational resources for fluent communication and learning during the innovation development cycle have been highlighted as key components of sustained competitiveness.
     
     Based on the literature on process and information technology management, business innovation, and dynamic capabilities, this study provides a model that addresses the links between leadership—with insights and foresights for technology exploration and exploitation—and organizational capabilities of resource integration, learning, and transformation to accelerate innovation. A comparative analysis of the evolution of two PC manufacturers and two textile firms in Taiwan revealed a cyclical process between the leadership decisions and dynamic capabilities for sustained competitiveness in these two industries. The study results suggest that to build strong capabilities for continuous innovation in a changing business environment firms need to have leadership with both the attitude and behavior of entrepreneurship, combining the foresight to capture opportunities with ICT and the insight to guide and manage internal resources to achieve dynamic innovation.
參考文獻 1 Aija, L. (2005). "Organization of Knowledge and Innovation: The Case of Finnish Business Services." Industry and Innovation 12(2): 185.
2 Amabile, T. M., R. Conti, et al. (1996). "Assessing the work environment for creativity." Academy of Management Journal 39(5): 1154.
3 Amit, R. and P. J. H. Schoemaker (1993). "Strategic assets and organizational rent." Strategic Management Journal 14(1): 33.
4 Andrew, C., M. G. Frank, et al. (1998). "Service innovation in Hong Kong: Attitudes and practice." The Service Industries Journal 18(2): 112.
5 Axel, J. and S. Chris (1998). "New service development: a review of the literature and annotated bibliography." European Journal of Marketing 32(3/4): 184.
6 Barney, J. (1991). "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management 17(1): 99.
7 Briance, M., B. Alok, et al. (1998). "Dynamics of core competencies in leading multinational companies." California Management Review 40(4): 117.
8 Burgelman, R. A. (1983). "A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm." Administrative Science Quarterly 28(2): 223.
9 Cowell, D. W. (1988). "New Service Development." Journal of Marketing Management 3(3): 296-312.
10 David, J. T., P. Gary, et al. (1997). "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management." Strategic Management Journal 18(7): 509.
11 David, K. and S. Chris (2000). "New service development: initiation strategies." International Journal of Service Industry Management 11(1): 45.
12 de Brentani, U. (1989). "Success and Failure in New Industrial Services." The Journal of Product Innovation Management 6(4): 239.
13 Drucker, P. F. (1985). "Entrepreneurial Strategies." California Management Review 27(2): 9.
14 Edvardsson, B. and J. Olsson (1996). "Key Concepts for New Service Development." Service Industries Journal 16(2): 140-164.
15 Furey, T. (1991). "How information power can improve service quality." Planning Review 19(3): 24-26.
16 Gallon, M. R., H. M. Stillman, et al. (1995). "Putting core competency thinking into practice." Research Technology Management 38(3): 20.
17 Gartner, W. B. (1988). ""Who is an Entrepreneur?" Is the Wrong Question." American Journal of Small Business 12(4): 11-32.
18 Gartner, W. B. (1990). "What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship?" Journal of Business Venturing 5(1): 15-28.
19 Goldstein, S. M., R. Johnston, et al. (2002). "The service concept: the missing link in service design research?" Journal of Operations Management 20(2): 121-134.
20 Gordon, E. Moore (1965). "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" Electronics 38(8)
21 Grant, L. (1989). "Foresight: Addressing Tomorrow`s Problems Today." The Futurist 23(1): 14.
22 Harry, B. and G. Frank (2003). "From continuous improvement to continuous innovation: A (retro)(per)spective." International Journal of Technology Management 26(8): 805.
23 Heinz, K. K. and D. M. Michael (1999). "A set of principles for conducting and evaluating interpretive field studies in information systems." MIS Quarterly 23(1): 67.
24 Henderson, R. and I. Cockburn (1994). "Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research." Strategic Management Journal 15: 63.
25 Henderson, R. M. and K. B. Clark (1990). "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration Of Existing." Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 9.
26 Hertog, P. D. (2000). "Knowledge-Intensive Business Services as Co-Producers of Innovation." International Journal of Innovation Management 4(4): 491.
27 Ibrahim, A. B. and J. R. Goodwin (1986). "Perceived Causes of Success in Small Business." American Journal of Small Business 11(2): 41.
28 Iyer, B. and T. H. Davenport (2008). "Reverse Engineering Google`s Innovation Machine. (cover story)." Harvard Business Review 86(4): 58-68.
29 Javidan, M. (1998). "Core competence: What does it mean in practice?" Long Range Planning 31(1): 60.
30 Jiménez-Zarco, A. I., M. P. Marténez-Ruiz, et al. (2006). "Success Factors in New Services Performance: A Research Agenda." Marketing Review 6(3): 265-283.
31 Jon, S. (1997). "Management of innovation in services." The Service Industries Journal 17(3): 432.
32 Joseph, S. (1933). "THE COMMON SENSE OF ECONOMETRICS." Econometrica (pre-1986) 1: 5.
33 Karimi, J., T. M. Somers, et al. (2001). "Impact of Information Technology Management Practices on Customer Service." Journal of Management Information System 17(4): 125-158.
34 Lado, A. A. and M. C. Wilson (1994). "Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 19(4): 699.
35 Lawrence, B. (1981). Innovation Diffusion. London/ New York, Methuen & Co.
36 Long, C. and M. Vickers-Koch (1995). "Using Core Capabilities to Create Competitive Advantage." Organizational Dynamics 24(1): 6-22.
37 Lussier, R. N. (1995). "Startup business advice from business owners to would-be entrepreneurs." S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal 60(1): 10.
38 Marcela, M. and R. Matias (2003). "Services innovation and transformation of work: The case of UK telecommunications." New Technology, Work, and Employment 18(1): 62.
39 Markides, C. C. and P. J. Williamson (1994). "Related diversification, core competences and corporate performance." Strategic Management Journal 15: 149.
40 Metka, S., J. Andreja, et al. (2006). "Exploiting ICT potential in service firms in transition economies." The Service Industries Journal 26(3): 287.
41 Miller, D. (1988). "Relating Porter`s Business Strategies To Environment And St." Academy of Management Journal 31(2): 280.
42 Morris, M. H., R. A. Avila, et al. (1993). "Individualism and the modern corporation: Implications for innovation and entrepreneurship." Journal of Management 19(3): 595.
43 Normann, R. (1991). Service Management. Strategy and Leadership in Service Business. London, John Wiley.
44 Oliver, E. W. (1999). "Strategy research: Governance and competence perspectives." Strategic Management Journal 20(12): 1087.
45 Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of Corporation, Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.
46 Penrose, E. T. (1959). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford, Blackwell.
47 Petts, N. (1997). "Building growth on core competences--a practical approach." Long Range Planning 30(4): 551-561.
48 Pramodita, S. and J. C. James (1999). "Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23(3): 11.
49 Riitta, S. and B. Harry (2004). "Continuous innovation and learning in industrial organizations." Knowledge and Process Management 11(4): 225.
50 Robert, J. (2001). "Linking complaint management to profit." International Journal of Service Industry Management 12(1): 60.
51 Sambamurthy, V., B. Anandhi, et al. (2003). "Shaping agility through digital options: Reconceptualizing the role of information technology in contemporary Firms1." MIS Quarterly 27(2): 237.
52 Scheuing, E. E. and E. M. Johnson (1989). "A Proposed Model For New Service Development." The Journal of Services Marketing 3(2): 25.
53 Scott, S. and S. Venkataraman (2000). "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 25(1): 217.
54 Smeds, R. and Boer, H (2004). "Continuous Innovation and Learning in Industrial Organizations." Knowledge and Process Management, 11(4), 225-227.
55 Stuart, M. (2004). "Reconciling the system requirements process in changing business environments." Information Management & Computer Security 12(4): 362.
56 Subrahmanya, M. H. B (2005). Technological innovations in Indian small enterprise: dimensions, intensity and implications, International Journal of Technology Management, 30(1/2), 188-204.
57 Subo, G., G. Varun, et al. (1997). "Business process change and organizational performance: Exploring an antecedent model." Journal of Management Information Systems 14(1): 119.
58 Tax, S. S. and I. Stuart (1997). "Designing and Implementing New Services: The Challenges of Integrating Service Systems." Journal of Retailing 73(1): 105-134.
59 Timothy, L. P. and A. W. James (2007). SME performance: A case for internal consistency. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 18, 1, 1.
60 Venkatraman, N. and J. C. Camillus (1984). "Exploring the Concept of ``Fit`` in Strategic Management." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 9(3): 513.
61 Wernerfelt, B. (1984). "A Resource-Based View of the Firm." Strategic Management Journal 5(2): 171.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
95356040
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0953560401
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 尚孝純zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shang, Shari S. C.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 廖良諭zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Liao , Liang Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 廖良諭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liao , Liang Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 09:19:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 09:19:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 09:19:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0953560401en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31138-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95356040zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 企業如何建立持續創新的能力,以創業以及動態能耐的角度去分析zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) World enterprises are facing the challenge of continuous innovation to compete and to sustain their market positions, and they are under great pressure to respond quickly and efficiently to changes in their external environments. Innovation can be characterized as a synthesis of process, product, and knowledge that leads to increased business growth and higher performance. An organization may accelerate innovation with better capabilities of managing critical resources. Business leadership and the capability to manage organizational resources for fluent communication and learning during the innovation development cycle have been highlighted as key components of sustained competitiveness.
     
     Based on the literature on process and information technology management, business innovation, and dynamic capabilities, this study provides a model that addresses the links between leadership—with insights and foresights for technology exploration and exploitation—and organizational capabilities of resource integration, learning, and transformation to accelerate innovation. A comparative analysis of the evolution of two PC manufacturers and two textile firms in Taiwan revealed a cyclical process between the leadership decisions and dynamic capabilities for sustained competitiveness in these two industries. The study results suggest that to build strong capabilities for continuous innovation in a changing business environment firms need to have leadership with both the attitude and behavior of entrepreneurship, combining the foresight to capture opportunities with ICT and the insight to guide and manage internal resources to achieve dynamic innovation.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1: Introduction 07
     CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 09
     CHAPTER 3: Research Methodology 19
     CHAPTER 4: Case Study 22
     CHAPTER 5: Discussion 43
     CHAPTER 6: Conclusion 51
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0953560401en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能耐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) innovationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) capabilitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) entrepreneurshipen_US
dc.title (題名) 動態創新模組應用在組織管理能力上之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A dynamic model of managing business capabilities for sustained innovationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1 Aija, L. (2005). "Organization of Knowledge and Innovation: The Case of Finnish Business Services." Industry and Innovation 12(2): 185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2 Amabile, T. M., R. Conti, et al. (1996). "Assessing the work environment for creativity." Academy of Management Journal 39(5): 1154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3 Amit, R. and P. J. H. Schoemaker (1993). "Strategic assets and organizational rent." Strategic Management Journal 14(1): 33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4 Andrew, C., M. G. Frank, et al. (1998). "Service innovation in Hong Kong: Attitudes and practice." The Service Industries Journal 18(2): 112.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5 Axel, J. and S. Chris (1998). "New service development: a review of the literature and annotated bibliography." European Journal of Marketing 32(3/4): 184.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6 Barney, J. (1991). "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management 17(1): 99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7 Briance, M., B. Alok, et al. (1998). "Dynamics of core competencies in leading multinational companies." California Management Review 40(4): 117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8 Burgelman, R. A. (1983). "A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm." Administrative Science Quarterly 28(2): 223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9 Cowell, D. W. (1988). "New Service Development." Journal of Marketing Management 3(3): 296-312.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10 David, J. T., P. Gary, et al. (1997). "Dynamic capabilities and strategic management." Strategic Management Journal 18(7): 509.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11 David, K. and S. Chris (2000). "New service development: initiation strategies." International Journal of Service Industry Management 11(1): 45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12 de Brentani, U. (1989). "Success and Failure in New Industrial Services." The Journal of Product Innovation Management 6(4): 239.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13 Drucker, P. F. (1985). "Entrepreneurial Strategies." California Management Review 27(2): 9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14 Edvardsson, B. and J. Olsson (1996). "Key Concepts for New Service Development." Service Industries Journal 16(2): 140-164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15 Furey, T. (1991). "How information power can improve service quality." Planning Review 19(3): 24-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16 Gallon, M. R., H. M. Stillman, et al. (1995). "Putting core competency thinking into practice." Research Technology Management 38(3): 20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17 Gartner, W. B. (1988). ""Who is an Entrepreneur?" Is the Wrong Question." American Journal of Small Business 12(4): 11-32.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18 Gartner, W. B. (1990). "What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship?" Journal of Business Venturing 5(1): 15-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19 Goldstein, S. M., R. Johnston, et al. (2002). "The service concept: the missing link in service design research?" Journal of Operations Management 20(2): 121-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20 Gordon, E. Moore (1965). "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" Electronics 38(8)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21 Grant, L. (1989). "Foresight: Addressing Tomorrow`s Problems Today." The Futurist 23(1): 14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22 Harry, B. and G. Frank (2003). "From continuous improvement to continuous innovation: A (retro)(per)spective." International Journal of Technology Management 26(8): 805.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23 Heinz, K. K. and D. M. Michael (1999). "A set of principles for conducting and evaluating interpretive field studies in information systems." MIS Quarterly 23(1): 67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24 Henderson, R. and I. Cockburn (1994). "Measuring competence? Exploring firm effects in pharmaceutical research." Strategic Management Journal 15: 63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25 Henderson, R. M. and K. B. Clark (1990). "Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration Of Existing." Administrative Science Quarterly 35(1): 9.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26 Hertog, P. D. (2000). "Knowledge-Intensive Business Services as Co-Producers of Innovation." International Journal of Innovation Management 4(4): 491.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27 Ibrahim, A. B. and J. R. Goodwin (1986). "Perceived Causes of Success in Small Business." American Journal of Small Business 11(2): 41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28 Iyer, B. and T. H. Davenport (2008). "Reverse Engineering Google`s Innovation Machine. (cover story)." Harvard Business Review 86(4): 58-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29 Javidan, M. (1998). "Core competence: What does it mean in practice?" Long Range Planning 31(1): 60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30 Jiménez-Zarco, A. I., M. P. Marténez-Ruiz, et al. (2006). "Success Factors in New Services Performance: A Research Agenda." Marketing Review 6(3): 265-283.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31 Jon, S. (1997). "Management of innovation in services." The Service Industries Journal 17(3): 432.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32 Joseph, S. (1933). "THE COMMON SENSE OF ECONOMETRICS." Econometrica (pre-1986) 1: 5.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33 Karimi, J., T. M. Somers, et al. (2001). "Impact of Information Technology Management Practices on Customer Service." Journal of Management Information System 17(4): 125-158.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34 Lado, A. A. and M. C. Wilson (1994). "Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 19(4): 699.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35 Lawrence, B. (1981). Innovation Diffusion. London/ New York, Methuen & Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36 Long, C. and M. Vickers-Koch (1995). "Using Core Capabilities to Create Competitive Advantage." Organizational Dynamics 24(1): 6-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37 Lussier, R. N. (1995). "Startup business advice from business owners to would-be entrepreneurs." S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal 60(1): 10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38 Marcela, M. and R. Matias (2003). "Services innovation and transformation of work: The case of UK telecommunications." New Technology, Work, and Employment 18(1): 62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39 Markides, C. C. and P. J. Williamson (1994). "Related diversification, core competences and corporate performance." Strategic Management Journal 15: 149.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40 Metka, S., J. Andreja, et al. (2006). "Exploiting ICT potential in service firms in transition economies." The Service Industries Journal 26(3): 287.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 41 Miller, D. (1988). "Relating Porter`s Business Strategies To Environment And St." Academy of Management Journal 31(2): 280.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 42 Morris, M. H., R. A. Avila, et al. (1993). "Individualism and the modern corporation: Implications for innovation and entrepreneurship." Journal of Management 19(3): 595.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 43 Normann, R. (1991). Service Management. Strategy and Leadership in Service Business. London, John Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 44 Oliver, E. W. (1999). "Strategy research: Governance and competence perspectives." Strategic Management Journal 20(12): 1087.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 45 Prahalad, C. K. and Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of Corporation, Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 46 Penrose, E. T. (1959). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford, Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 47 Petts, N. (1997). "Building growth on core competences--a practical approach." Long Range Planning 30(4): 551-561.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 48 Pramodita, S. and J. C. James (1999). "Toward a reconciliation of the definitional issues in the field of corporate entrepreneurship." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23(3): 11.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 49 Riitta, S. and B. Harry (2004). "Continuous innovation and learning in industrial organizations." Knowledge and Process Management 11(4): 225.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 50 Robert, J. (2001). "Linking complaint management to profit." International Journal of Service Industry Management 12(1): 60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 51 Sambamurthy, V., B. Anandhi, et al. (2003). "Shaping agility through digital options: Reconceptualizing the role of information technology in contemporary Firms1." MIS Quarterly 27(2): 237.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 52 Scheuing, E. E. and E. M. Johnson (1989). "A Proposed Model For New Service Development." The Journal of Services Marketing 3(2): 25.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 53 Scott, S. and S. Venkataraman (2000). "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 25(1): 217.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 54 Smeds, R. and Boer, H (2004). "Continuous Innovation and Learning in Industrial Organizations." Knowledge and Process Management, 11(4), 225-227.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 55 Stuart, M. (2004). "Reconciling the system requirements process in changing business environments." Information Management & Computer Security 12(4): 362.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 56 Subrahmanya, M. H. B (2005). Technological innovations in Indian small enterprise: dimensions, intensity and implications, International Journal of Technology Management, 30(1/2), 188-204.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 57 Subo, G., G. Varun, et al. (1997). "Business process change and organizational performance: Exploring an antecedent model." Journal of Management Information Systems 14(1): 119.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 58 Tax, S. S. and I. Stuart (1997). "Designing and Implementing New Services: The Challenges of Integrating Service Systems." Journal of Retailing 73(1): 105-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 59 Timothy, L. P. and A. W. James (2007). SME performance: A case for internal consistency. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 18, 1, 1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 60 Venkatraman, N. and J. C. Camillus (1984). "Exploring the Concept of ``Fit`` in Strategic Management." Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 9(3): 513.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 61 Wernerfelt, B. (1984). "A Resource-Based View of the Firm." Strategic Management Journal 5(2): 171.zh_TW