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題名 Essays on Contingent Claims Pricing Subject to Credit Risk
信用風險下或有求償權之評價
作者 黃星華
Huang,Hsing-Hua
貢獻者 廖四郎
Liao,Szu-Lang
黃星華
Huang,Hsing-Hua
關鍵詞 Contingent Claims Analysis
Credit Risk
Convertible Bonds
Optimal Capital Structure
Structural Model
Vulnerable Options
日期 2005
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 09:32:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 This dissertation includes three essays, which investigate contingent claims pricing subject to credit risk based on the structural approach and analyze associated issues of corporate finance.
      The first essay develops and examines a partial equilibrium model to investigate the effects of macroeconomic condition and firm-level productivity shocks on the determination of optimal debt ratio. The model extends the contingent-claims models of the firm`s capital structure by incorporating both the industry demand and firm-level supply factors into the firm`s earnings and unlevered asset value. Our model predicts that the optimal debt ratio is negatively correlated to the macroeconomic conditions and the firm-level productivity. Furthermore, the theoretical implications are totally supported by the pooled feasible generalized least squares estimation with 311 Taiwanese listed manufacturing firms` quarterly data over the period from 1994 to 2003. The differences between the high-tech electronics and other manufacturing firms are also investigated, and particularly the high-tech firms are not tied up with the macroeconomic conditions while the others are.
      The second essay presents a contingent claim valuation of a callable convertible bond with the issuer`s credit risk. The optimal call, voluntary conversion and bankruptcy strategies are jointly determined by shareholders and bondholders to maximize the equity value and the bond value, respectively. Our model not only incorporates tax benefits, bankruptcy costs, refunding costs and a call notice period, but also takes account of the issuer`s debt size and structure. The numerical results show that the predicted optimal call policies are generally consistent with recent empirical findings; therefore calling convertible bonds too late or too early can be rational.
      The third essay provides a closed-form valuation formula for the Black-Scholes options subject to interest rate risk and credit risk. Not only does our model allow for the possible default of the option issuer prior to the option`s maturity, but also considers the correlations among the option issuer`s total asset, the underlying stock, and the default-free zero coupon bond. We further tailor-make a specific credit-linked option for hedging the default risk of the option issuer. The numerical results show that the default risk of the option issuer significantly reduces the option values, and the vulnerable option values may be remarkably overestimated in the case where the default can occur only at the maturity of the option.
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[5]Asquith, P., 1995, Convertible bonds are not called late, Journal of Finance 50, 1275-1289.
[6]Athanassakos, G. and P. Carayannopoulos, 2001, An empirical analysis of the relationship of bond yield spreads and macroeconomic factors, Applied Financial Economics 11, 197-207.
[7]Ayache, E., P.A. Forsyth and K.R. Vetzal, 2003, The valuation of convertible bonds with credit risk, Journal of Derivatives 11(Fall), 9-29.
[8]Banerjee, A., 1999, Panel data unit roots and cointegration: An overview, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, 607-629.
[9]Basu, S. and J.G. Fernald, 1997, Returns to scale in U.S. production: Estimates and implications, Journal of Political Economy 105, 249-283.
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[19]Bulter, A.W., 2002, Revisiting optimal call policy for convertibles, Financial Analysts Journal 58, 50-55.
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[21]Chen, L.H. and G.J. Jiang, 2001, The determinants of Dutch capital structure choice, Working Paper, Finance Department, Eller College of Business & Public Administration, University of Arizona.
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[29]Geman, J., N. El Karoui and J.C. Rochet, 1995, Changes of numeraire, changes of probability measures and pricing of options, Journal of Applied Probability 32, 443-458.
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[37]Hovakimian, A., T. Opler and S. Titman, 2001, The debt equity choice, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 36, 1-24.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
金融研究所
90352502
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0903525022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 廖四郎zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liao,Szu-Langen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃星華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang,Hsing-Huaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃星華zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang,Hsing-Huaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 09:32:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 09:32:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 09:32:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0903525022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31213-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 金融研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90352502zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This dissertation includes three essays, which investigate contingent claims pricing subject to credit risk based on the structural approach and analyze associated issues of corporate finance.
      The first essay develops and examines a partial equilibrium model to investigate the effects of macroeconomic condition and firm-level productivity shocks on the determination of optimal debt ratio. The model extends the contingent-claims models of the firm`s capital structure by incorporating both the industry demand and firm-level supply factors into the firm`s earnings and unlevered asset value. Our model predicts that the optimal debt ratio is negatively correlated to the macroeconomic conditions and the firm-level productivity. Furthermore, the theoretical implications are totally supported by the pooled feasible generalized least squares estimation with 311 Taiwanese listed manufacturing firms` quarterly data over the period from 1994 to 2003. The differences between the high-tech electronics and other manufacturing firms are also investigated, and particularly the high-tech firms are not tied up with the macroeconomic conditions while the others are.
      The second essay presents a contingent claim valuation of a callable convertible bond with the issuer`s credit risk. The optimal call, voluntary conversion and bankruptcy strategies are jointly determined by shareholders and bondholders to maximize the equity value and the bond value, respectively. Our model not only incorporates tax benefits, bankruptcy costs, refunding costs and a call notice period, but also takes account of the issuer`s debt size and structure. The numerical results show that the predicted optimal call policies are generally consistent with recent empirical findings; therefore calling convertible bonds too late or too early can be rational.
      The third essay provides a closed-form valuation formula for the Black-Scholes options subject to interest rate risk and credit risk. Not only does our model allow for the possible default of the option issuer prior to the option`s maturity, but also considers the correlations among the option issuer`s total asset, the underlying stock, and the default-free zero coupon bond. We further tailor-make a specific credit-linked option for hedging the default risk of the option issuer. The numerical results show that the default risk of the option issuer significantly reduces the option values, and the vulnerable option values may be remarkably overestimated in the case where the default can occur only at the maturity of the option.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents ii
     Acknowledgement iv
     List of Tables v
     List of Figures vi
     Abstract vii
     
     Essay One: Effects of Macroeconomic Conditions and
      Firm-Level Productivity on Optimal Capital
      Structure: Theory and Evidence
     
     1.1 Introduction 1
     1.2 The Model 3
      1.2.1 Macroeconomic Condition and Firm-Level Productivity Shocks 4
      1.2.2 The Dynamics of the Firm’s Unlevered Asset Value 6
      1.2.3 The Firm’s Optimal Capital Structure 8
     1.3 Theoretical Implications 11
      1.3.1 Effect of Macroeconomic Conditions 12
      1.3.2 Effect of Firm-Level Productivity 13
     1.4 Empirical Evidence 14
      1.4.1 Data and Empirical Specification 14
      1.4.2 Estimation Results 18
     1.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks 19
     Appendix 1A 21
     Appendix 1B 22
     Essay Two: Valuation and Optimal Strategies of
     Convertible Bonds
     2.1 Introduction 29
     2.2 Valuation Framework 33
     2.3 Valuation and Optimal Strategies of a Non-Callable Convertible Bonds 38
     2.4 Valuation and Optimal Strategies of a Call-Forcing Convertible Bonds 42
     2.5 Valuation and Optimal Strategies of a Callable Convertible Bonds 45
     2.6 Numerical Analysis 51
      2.6.1 Comparative Static Analysis 55
      2.6.2 Remarks 56
     2.7 Conclusion 57
     Appendix 2A 59
     
     Essay Three: Pricing Black-Scholes Options with Correlated
      Interest Rate Risk and Credit Risk: An Extension
     3.1 Introduction 63
     3.2 The Valuation Framework 65
     3.3 Valuing Vulnerable Options with Stochastic Interest Rates 70
     3.4 Numerical Examples 80
     3.5 Extensions 85
     3.6 Concluding Remarks 87
     Appendix 3A 89
     Appendix 3B 91
     
     
     Bibliography 101
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0903525022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contingent Claims Analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Credit Risken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Convertible Bondsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optimal Capital Structureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Structural Modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Vulnerable Optionsen_US
dc.title (題名) Essays on Contingent Claims Pricing Subject to Credit Riskzh_TW
dc.title (題名) 信用風險下或有求償權之評價zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1]Altintig, Z.A. and A.W. Butler, 2005, Are they still called late? The effect of notice period on calls of convertible bonds, Journal of Corporate Finance 11, 337-350.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [2]Ammann, M., 2001, Credit risk valuation: methods, models, and applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [3]Anderson, R. and S. Sundaresan, 1996, Design and valuation of debt contracts, Review of Financial Studies 9, 37-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [4]Asquith, P. and D.W. Mullins, 1991, Convertible debt: Corporate call policy and voluntary conversion, Journal of Finance 46, 1273-1289.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [5]Asquith, P., 1995, Convertible bonds are not called late, Journal of Finance 50, 1275-1289.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [6]Athanassakos, G. and P. Carayannopoulos, 2001, An empirical analysis of the relationship of bond yield spreads and macroeconomic factors, Applied Financial Economics 11, 197-207.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [7]Ayache, E., P.A. Forsyth and K.R. Vetzal, 2003, The valuation of convertible bonds with credit risk, Journal of Derivatives 11(Fall), 9-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [8]Banerjee, A., 1999, Panel data unit roots and cointegration: An overview, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61, 607-629.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [9]Basu, S. and J.G. Fernald, 1997, Returns to scale in U.S. production: Estimates and implications, Journal of Political Economy 105, 249-283.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [10]Beck, N. and J.N. Katz, 1996, Nuisance vs. substance: Specifying and estimating time-series-cross-section models, Political Analysis 6, 1-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [11]Black, F. and J. Cox, 1976, Valuing corporate securities: some effects of bond indenture provisions, Journal of Finance 31, 351-367.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [12]Black, F., and M. Scholes, 1973, The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, Journal of Political Economy 81, 637-654.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [13]Breitung, J. and M.H. Pesaran, 2005, Unit roots and cointegration in panels, Working Paper, Cambridge University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [14]Brennan, M. and E. Schwartz, 1977, Convertible bonds: Valuation and optimal strategies for call and conversion, Journal of Finance 32, 1699-1715.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [15]Brennan, M. and E. Schwartz, 1978, Corporate income tax, valuation, and the problem of optimal capital structure, Journal of Business 51, 103-114.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [16]Brennan, M. and E. Schwartz, 1980, Analyzing convertible bonds, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 15, 907-929.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [17]Brennan, M. and E. Schwartz, 1984, Optimal financial policy and firm valuation, Journal of Finance 39, 593-607.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [18]Briys, E. and F. de Varenne, 1997, Valuing risky fixed rate debt: An extension, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 32, 239-248.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [19]Bulter, A.W., 2002, Revisiting optimal call policy for convertibles, Financial Analysts Journal 58, 50-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [20]Campbell, C.J., L.H. Ederington and P. Vankudre, 1991, Tax shields, sample- selection bias, and the information content of conversion-forcing bond calls, Journal of Finance 46, 1291-1324.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [21]Chen, L.H. and G.J. Jiang, 2001, The determinants of Dutch capital structure choice, Working Paper, Finance Department, Eller College of Business & Public Administration, University of Arizona.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [22]Cowan, A.R., N. Nayar and A.K. Singh, 1993, Calls of out-of-the-money convertible bonds, Financial Management 22 (winter), 106-116.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [23]Constantinides, G.M., 1984, Warrant exercise and bond conversion in competitive markets, Journal of Financial Economics 13, 371-397.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [24]Duffie, D. and K. Singleton, 1997, An econometric model of the term structure of interest rate swap yields, Journal of Finance 52, 1287-1321.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [25]Duffie, D. and K. Singleton, 1999, Modeling term structures of defaultable bonds, Reviews of Financial Studies 12, 687-720.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [26]Duffie, D. and K. Singleton, 2003, Credit risk: pricing, measurement, and management, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [27]Ederington, L., G. Gaton and C. Campbell, 1997, To call or not call convertible debt, Financial Management 26, 22-31.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [28]Fama, E.F. and K.R. French, 2002, Testing tradeoff and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt, Reviews of Financial Studies 15, 1-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [29]Geman, J., N. El Karoui and J.C. Rochet, 1995, Changes of numeraire, changes of probability measures and pricing of options, Journal of Applied Probability 32, 443-458.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [30]Goldstein, R., N. Ju and H. Leland, 2001, An EBIT-based model of dynamic capital structure, Journal of Business 74, 483-512.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [31]Hackbarth, D., J. Miao and E. Morellec, 2004, Capital structure, credit risk, and macroeconomic conditions, Working paper, Department of Economics, Boston University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [32]Harrison, J.M. and D.M. Kreps, 1979, Martingales and arbitrage in multiperiod securities markets, Journal of Economic Theory 20, 381-408.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [33]Harrison, J.M. and S.R. Pliska, 1981, Martingales and stochastic integrals in the theory of continuous trading. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications 11, 215-260.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [34]Harrison, J.M., 1985, Brownian motion and stochastic flow systems, Wiley, New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [35]Heath, D.C., R.A. Jarrow and A. Morton, 1992, Bond pricing and the term structure of interest rates: A new methodology for contingent claim valuation, Econometrica 60, 77-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [36]Heynen, R. and H. Kat, 1994, Crossing barriers, Risk 7(6), 46-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [37]Hovakimian, A., T. Opler and S. Titman, 2001, The debt equity choice, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis 36, 1-24.zh_TW
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