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題名 我國推動微型保險之商品與行銷相關監理措施研究─以國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)原則為中心
作者 洪薇晴
貢獻者 林建智<br>彭金隆
洪薇晴
關鍵詞 微型保險
商品監理
行銷監理
國際保險監理官協會
低收入族群
Microinsurance
IAIS
日期 2008
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 09:42:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來,經濟進步,但貧窮問題仍為我國政府關注之焦點。低收入族群面臨更高的生、老、病、死及財產減損等風險,然而,由於商業保險公司之營利取向及保險費過於昂貴等因素,這些最需要保障之人卻往往無法獲得保險保障。
     
      為此,我國金管會於2005年,於提高國人保險保障方案中將「協助低收入民眾購買人身保險保障事宜」列為主要政策,而為使低收入族群能以相對低廉、可負擔的保費獲得基本保障並提高企業參與低收入市場之意願,微型保險─由各種不同機構針對低收入戶族群所提供的保險,其經營必須遵循一般公認之保險原則,為一相當可行之方案。惟於觀察國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)之保險核心原則、微型保險監理議題及其他國家推行現況後,發現我國現行商業保險之監理措施對於微型保險之適用有所牴觸,而有修正之必要。
     
      因此,本文基於假設微型保險之發展具備可行性且以商業保險模式推行的前提下,從微型保險性質、制度與經營等層面出發,了解微型保險監理之核心,再進一步參考他國實施概況及國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)對微型保險之監理修正,探討於我國推動微型保險時,可能面臨之商品及行銷相關監理法規之議題,並以國際保險監理官協會保險核心原則為中心,輔以各國微型保險商品及行銷監理經驗,提出修法方向與建議,使微型保險之推行更為順利。
參考文獻 中文文獻
(一)書籍
1.林群弼,保險法論,三民書局股份有限公司,2003年11月增訂2版。
2.梁宇賢,保險法新論,台北:瑞興圖書股份有限公司,2001年4月修訂新版。
3.陳彩稚,保險學,三民書局股份有限公司,2004年8月增訂2版。
4.陳瑞,保險監理,三民書局股份有限公司,1997年11月初版。
5.陳瑞,自國際保險監理核心原則探究我國保險監理之發展,財團法人保險事業發展中心,2007年5月初版。
6.普哈拉,金字塔底層大商機,臺灣培生教育出版股份有限公司,2005年6月初版。
7.楊誠對,意外保險-理論與實務,三民書局股份有限公司,2005年9月修訂7版。
(二)期刊雜誌
1.凌氤寶,微型保險─新的保險市場,風險與保險雜誌,16期,頁50-56,2008年1月。
2.曾如瑩,「窮人銀行家」尤努斯,商業周刊,994期,頁128-148,2006年12月。
(三) 研究計畫
1.梁正德,微型保險商品(MICROINSURANCE)發展之可行性與其監理措施之研究,行政院金融監督管理委員會2007年度委託研究計畫。
英文文獻
1.Analytics G, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: Uganda), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.
2.Analytics G, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: India), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.
3.Almeyda G. and Francisco de Paula Jaramillo, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.12: La Equidad Seguros Colombia, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
4.Bester H., Chamberlain D., Hendrie S., Hobden T., Hougaard C. and Smith A., Making Insurance Markets Work for the Poor: Microinsurance Policy, Regulation and Supervision – South Africa Case Study, CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
5.Bester H., Chamberlain D., Hendrie S., Hobden T., Hougaard C. and Smith, A., Making insurance markets work for the poor: microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision (South Africa case study), CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
6.Caceres M. and Zuluaga S, Making insurance markets work for the poor: microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision (Colombia case study), CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
7.Caceres M. and Zuluaga S, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: Colombia), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.
8.Company Secretary and an Associate of Insurance Institute of India , Importance of delivery mechanism- Role in micro-Insurance, IRDA Journal, 4(13), 8-10, 2006.
9.Churchill C., Protecting the poor- A microinsurance compendium, International Labour Organization, first published, 2006.
10.CGAP, Building inclusive financial systems: Donor guidelines on good practice in microfinance, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, 2004.
11.Churchill C. and Pepler T., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.2: TUW SKOK, Poland, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.
12.Develtere P., Doyen G., and Bénédicte Fonteneau, Microinsurance and health Care in developing Countries: An international picture, Leuven, Belgium: Cara Foundation, 2004.
13.Dror D. M. and Jacquier C., Micro-Insurance: Extending health insurance to the excluded, International Labour Organization, 1999.
14.Enarsson S. and Kjell Wirén, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.21: ALMAO and Yasiru, Sri Lankaa, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2006.
15.Enarsson S. and Wirén K., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.8: MUSCCO, Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives. CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
16.Gautier B., Boutbien A. and Galland B., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.17: UMSGF, Guinea, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
17.Garand D., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.16: VimoSEWA, India, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
18.Hennie B., Doubell C., Christine H., Anja S. and Simon H, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: South Africa), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.
19.Herman Abels and Blue Rhino Consult Toon Bullens, (Microinsurance: An overview of client, provider and support perspective, Oxfam Netherlands: Robbert Bodegraven, 2005.
20.Herrera C. and Miranda B., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.5: COLUMNA, Guatemala, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.
21.IAIS and CGAP, Issues in regulation and supervision of microinsurance, International Association of Insurance Supervisors, 2007.
22.Insurance Commission, Insurance Memorandum Circular No. 9 – 2006, 2006.
23.Indian Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, The micro-insurance regulations, 2005.
24.IRDA, In the air: Toward microinsurance, IRDA Journal, 2(10), 6-7, 2004.
25.IAIS, Insurance core principle and methodology, International Labour Organization, 2003.
26.Indian Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, The rural and social sectors obligation, 2002.
27.Llanto G., Geron M. and Almario J., Making insurance markets work for the poor: microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision (Philippines case study). CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
28.Llanto G., Geron M. and Almario J., Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: Philippines), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.
29.Leftley R. and Mapfumo S., Effective microinsurance programs to reduce vulnerability, Opportunity International Network. 2006.
30.Leftley R., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.11: Technical assistance for the promotion of microinsurance- The experience of opportunity international, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
31.McCord M. J., Microinsurance NOTE 8: Facilitating an appropriate regulatory and supervisory environment for microinsurance, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2008.
32.McCord M. J., Microinsurance NOTE 4: Product development– Making microinsurance products successful, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2007.
33.Moonda L., MZANSI Corporate non-life insurance products, South African Insurance Association, 2006.
34.McCord M. J. and Roth M., Microinsurance NOTE 1: What is microinsurance?, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2006.
35.McCord M. J. and Roth M., Microinsurance NOTE 2: How is microinsurance delivered?, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2006.
36.Manje L., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.10: MADISON insurance, Zambia, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
37.McCord M. J. and Grzegorz Buczkowski, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.4: CARD MBA, the Philippines, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.
38.Pfister M. W., Regulation and supervision of microinsurance, German technical cooperation, 2004.
39.Roth J., McCord M. J. and Liber D., The Landscape of microinsurance in the world’s 100 poorest countries, Microinsurance Centre ,LLC, 2007.
40.Roth J. and Athreye V., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.14: TATA-AIG, India, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
41.Roth J., Churchill C., Ramm G. and Namerta, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.15: Microinsurance and microfinance institutions: Evidence from India, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.
42.Rajeev Ahuja and Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Microinsurance in India: Trends and strategies for further extension, Indian Council for research on international economic relations(ICRIER), 2005.
43.Rodríguez M. U. and Miranda B., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.1: SERVIPERÚ and Perú, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.
44.Sinha S. and Sagar S., Making insurance markets work for the poor: microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision (India case study), CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
45.Smith A., Hendrie S., Bester H. and Rukondo M., Making insurance markets work for the poor: microinsurance policy, regulation and supervision (Uganda case study), CGAP Working Group on Microinsurance, 2009.
46.Skees J., Murphy A. and McCord M. J, Microinsurance NOTE 5: Innovations in insurance for weather-related losses- Index insurance, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2007.
47.Sebstad J., Cohen M. and McGuinness E, Guidelines for market research on the demand for microinsurance, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2006.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
風險管理與保險研究所
96358003
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096358003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林建智<br>彭金隆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 洪薇晴zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 洪薇晴zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 09:42:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 09:42:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 09:42:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096358003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31282-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 風險管理與保險研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96358003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來,經濟進步,但貧窮問題仍為我國政府關注之焦點。低收入族群面臨更高的生、老、病、死及財產減損等風險,然而,由於商業保險公司之營利取向及保險費過於昂貴等因素,這些最需要保障之人卻往往無法獲得保險保障。
     
      為此,我國金管會於2005年,於提高國人保險保障方案中將「協助低收入民眾購買人身保險保障事宜」列為主要政策,而為使低收入族群能以相對低廉、可負擔的保費獲得基本保障並提高企業參與低收入市場之意願,微型保險─由各種不同機構針對低收入戶族群所提供的保險,其經營必須遵循一般公認之保險原則,為一相當可行之方案。惟於觀察國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)之保險核心原則、微型保險監理議題及其他國家推行現況後,發現我國現行商業保險之監理措施對於微型保險之適用有所牴觸,而有修正之必要。
     
      因此,本文基於假設微型保險之發展具備可行性且以商業保險模式推行的前提下,從微型保險性質、制度與經營等層面出發,了解微型保險監理之核心,再進一步參考他國實施概況及國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)對微型保險之監理修正,探討於我國推動微型保險時,可能面臨之商品及行銷相關監理法規之議題,並以國際保險監理官協會保險核心原則為中心,輔以各國微型保險商品及行銷監理經驗,提出修法方向與建議,使微型保險之推行更為順利。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究背景與動機 1
     第二節 研究內容與目的 3
     第三節 研究方法 4
     第四節 研究架構與流程 5
     
     第二章 微型保險概述 7
     第一節 微型保險的定義與特性 7
     第一項 微型保險的定義 7
     第二項 微型保險的特性 10
     第二節 微型保險發展的環境與架構 13
     第三節 微型保險之關係人 15
     第一項 政府(宏觀層次) 15
     第二項 監理機關 (宏觀層次) 22
     第三項 支援機構(中間層次) 24
     第四項 提供微型保險之保險人(微觀層次) 26
     第五項 中介機構 31
     第六項 保戶 35
     
     第三章 微型保險商品及行銷經營模式 37
     第一節 微型保險之需求 37
     第一項 低收入族群面臨的風險與因應對策 37
     第二項 微型保險發展的機會 41
     第二節 微型保險之商品設計與商品介紹 42
     第一項 微型保險之商品設計 43
     第二項 微型保險商品種類 50
     第三節 微型保險之保費收取方式 52
     第一項 保費的收取方式 53
     第二項 保費收取頻率及時間 55
     第四節 微型保險之行銷 56
     第一項 微型保險的行銷策略 56
     第二項 微型保險行銷通路 60
     第五節 微型保險之理賠程序 62
     第一項 理賠作業程序介紹 62
     第二項 理賠作業控制 66
     
     第四章 微型保險的監理 67
     第一節 監理目的 67
     第二節 微型保險監理架構 68
     第三節 微型保險之監理結構 71
     第四節 國際保險監理官協會對於微型保險之監理原則 73
     第一項 保險監理制度 73
     第二項 審慎的議題 74
     第三項 公司治理議題 76
     第四項 市場行為議題 77
     第五節 保險核心原則應用於微型保險之適用與修正評估 78
     第一項 一般性原則 78
     第二項 必須進一步研究的原則 80
     第三項 小結 95
     
     第五章 各國微型保險之商品及行銷監理 96
     第一節 哥倫比亞 96
     第一項 國內概述 96
     第二項 微型保險市場商品及行銷特徵 96
     第三項 政策、規範與監理概況 98
     第四項 重要觀察 101
     第二節 印度 102
     第一項 國內概述 102
     第二項 微型保險市場商品及行銷特徵 102
     第三項 政策、規範與監理概況 104
     第四項 重要觀察 108
     第三節 菲律賓 108
     第一項 國內概述 108
     第二項 微型保險市場商品及行銷特徵 109
     第三項 政策、規範與監理概況 111
     第四項 重要觀察 114
     第四節 南非 115
     第一項 國內概述 115
     第二項 微型保險市場商品及行銷特徵 115
     第三項 政策、規範與監理概況 118
     第四項 重要觀察 121
     第五節 烏干達 122
     第一項 國內概述 122
     第二項 微型保險市場商品及行銷特徵 122
     第三項 政策、規範與監理概況 123
     第四項 重要觀察 125
     第六節 各國微型保險監理之比較 125
     
     第六章 我國推動微型保險商品與行銷監理措施評析 134
     第一節 商品監理法規與評析 134
     第一項 分業經營限制 134
     第二項 保險費率監理情形 136
     第三項 保險商品審查制度 139
     第四項 商品內容規範 142
     第二節 保險行銷監理法規與評析 146
     第一項 中介人的意義與資格 146
     第二項 中介機構設立規範 150
     第三項 佣金限制 153
     第四項 業務行為 154
     第五項 爭議申訴管道 158
     
     第七章 結論與建議 161
     第一節 結論 161
     第二節 保險業辦理微型保險業務應注意事項草案建議 165
     第一項 商品規範 165
     第二項 行銷規範 166
     第三項 建議 166
     
     參考文獻 169
     
     
     圖 目錄
     圖 一:微型保險的環境與架構 14
     圖 二:微型保險之目標族群 36
     圖 三:11 個國家風險管理優先順序 38
     圖 四:微型保險行銷三階段 58
     圖 五:微型保險監理結構 72
     圖 六:哥倫比亞微型保險市場之組成 97
     圖 七:印度微型保險市場之組成 103
     圖 八:菲律賓微型保險市場之組成 109
     圖 九:南非微型保險市場之組成 116
     圖 十:烏干達微型保險市場之組成 122
     圖 十一:業務員登錄關係圖 155
     圖 十二:保險申訴作業處理流程圖 159
     
     
     表 目錄 頁次
     表 一:商業保險與微型保險之差異 10
     表 二:微型保險提供者. 27
     表 三:各國對微型保險需求調查 38
     表 四:微型保險銷售通路種類及承保人數 61
     表 五:微型保險的水平與垂直的監理 69
     表 六:哥倫比亞微型保險銷售通路分配 98
     表 七:各國微型保險監理比較(一) 126
     表 八:各國微型保險監理比較(二) 126
     表 九:菲律賓階梯式最低資本規定 129
     表 十:印度、南非與菲律賓微型保險商品規格 130
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096358003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 微型保險zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商品監理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行銷監理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際保險監理官協會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 低收入族群zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Microinsuranceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) IAISen_US
dc.title (題名) 我國推動微型保險之商品與行銷相關監理措施研究─以國際保險監理官協會(IAIS)原則為中心zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一)書籍zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.林群弼,保險法論,三民書局股份有限公司,2003年11月增訂2版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.梁宇賢,保險法新論,台北:瑞興圖書股份有限公司,2001年4月修訂新版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.陳彩稚,保險學,三民書局股份有限公司,2004年8月增訂2版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.陳瑞,保險監理,三民書局股份有限公司,1997年11月初版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5.陳瑞,自國際保險監理核心原則探究我國保險監理之發展,財團法人保險事業發展中心,2007年5月初版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6.普哈拉,金字塔底層大商機,臺灣培生教育出版股份有限公司,2005年6月初版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7.楊誠對,意外保險-理論與實務,三民書局股份有限公司,2005年9月修訂7版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (二)期刊雜誌zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.凌氤寶,微型保險─新的保險市場,風險與保險雜誌,16期,頁50-56,2008年1月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.曾如瑩,「窮人銀行家」尤努斯,商業周刊,994期,頁128-148,2006年12月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (三) 研究計畫zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.梁正德,微型保險商品(MICROINSURANCE)發展之可行性與其監理措施之研究,行政院金融監督管理委員會2007年度委託研究計畫。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.Analytics G, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: India), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8.Company Secretary and an Associate of Insurance Institute of India , Importance of delivery mechanism- Role in micro-Insurance, IRDA Journal, 4(13), 8-10, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9.Churchill C., Protecting the poor- A microinsurance compendium, International Labour Organization, first published, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.CGAP, Building inclusive financial systems: Donor guidelines on good practice in microfinance, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Churchill C. and Pepler T., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.2: TUW SKOK, Poland, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Develtere P., Doyen G., and Bénédicte Fonteneau, Microinsurance and health Care in developing Countries: An international picture, Leuven, Belgium: Cara Foundation, 2004.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.Enarsson S. and Kjell Wirén, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.21: ALMAO and Yasiru, Sri Lankaa, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Enarsson S. and Wirén K., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.8: MUSCCO, Malawi Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives. CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.Garand D., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.16: VimoSEWA, India, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Hennie B., Doubell C., Christine H., Anja S. and Simon H, Facilitating inclusive financial markets: The Role of regulation in the development of microinsurance (Focus note: South Africa), Doubell Chamberlain FinMark Trust, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Herman Abels and Blue Rhino Consult Toon Bullens, (Microinsurance: An overview of client, provider and support perspective, Oxfam Netherlands: Robbert Bodegraven, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Herrera C. and Miranda B., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.5: COLUMNA, Guatemala, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.IAIS and CGAP, Issues in regulation and supervision of microinsurance, International Association of Insurance Supervisors, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Insurance Commission, Insurance Memorandum Circular No. 9 – 2006, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Indian Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority, The micro-insurance regulations, 2005.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29.Leftley R. and Mapfumo S., Effective microinsurance programs to reduce vulnerability, Opportunity International Network. 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 30.Leftley R., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.11: Technical assistance for the promotion of microinsurance- The experience of opportunity international, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 31.McCord M. J., Microinsurance NOTE 8: Facilitating an appropriate regulatory and supervisory environment for microinsurance, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 32.McCord M. J., Microinsurance NOTE 4: Product development– Making microinsurance products successful, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 33.Moonda L., MZANSI Corporate non-life insurance products, South African Insurance Association, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 34.McCord M. J. and Roth M., Microinsurance NOTE 1: What is microinsurance?, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 35.McCord M. J. and Roth M., Microinsurance NOTE 2: How is microinsurance delivered?, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 36.Manje L., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.10: MADISON insurance, Zambia, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 37.McCord M. J. and Grzegorz Buczkowski, Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.4: CARD MBA, the Philippines, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 38.Pfister M. W., Regulation and supervision of microinsurance, German technical cooperation, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 39.Roth J., McCord M. J. and Liber D., The Landscape of microinsurance in the world’s 100 poorest countries, Microinsurance Centre ,LLC, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 40.Roth J. and Athreye V., Good and Bad Practices in Microinsurance, Case Study No.14: TATA-AIG, India, CGAP microinsurance working group, 2005.zh_TW
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