學術產出-學位論文

文章檢視/開啟

書目匯出

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

引文資訊

TAIR相關學術產出

題名 國際能源安全研究-以歐盟的能源政策為例
作者 張皓竣
貢獻者 林碧炤
張皓竣
關鍵詞 歐盟
能源政策
能源安全
環境安全
氣候變遷
日期 2007
上傳時間 14-九月-2009 10:09:23 (UTC+8)
摘要 在冷戰結束與經濟議題的興起之下,非傳統安全在國際關係中所受到的關注越來越多。隨著石油危機的發生,『能源安全』開始成為討論的目標,也重重影響各國的國防、外交與經濟政策。然而,在80年代後所吹起的環保風潮,也使得能源的使用開始受到環保人士的監督。過去以經濟目標為主的能源安全內涵已經不符合全球暖化下的要求,新的能源安全典範開始融入『環境安全』與永續發展的環保目標。此外,在油價高漲的時代之下,『能源外交』的出現,也使得各國間的能源合作成為一種外交手段,俄羅斯的興起就是最佳範例。在能源、環保、經濟與國家安全的相互交錯之下,都使得現今的能源議題比過去複雜。
     
     而歐盟正面臨的這種新式能源安全的挑戰,所以歐盟在2006年提出了《永續發展、競爭力和能源安全的歐洲戰略》的能源綠皮書(Green Paper)。在歐盟內部的能源政策目標中,積極希望能夠達成環境安全的要求來因應氣候變遷。同時也希望能夠配合歐盟的東擴,整合歐盟的內部天然氣市場,增加經濟與工業的競爭力;而在歐盟對外的能源戰略方面,主要是希望達成能源供應源多樣化的目標。因此,希望能與重要的能源生產國如俄羅斯、裡海地區與中東地區的國家建立能源合作的機制。最後,儘管面對許多挑戰,但是歐盟內部還是希望能建立共同能源政策,來增加歐盟對外能源談判的籌碼。
     
     在全球化與氣候變遷的影響之下,能源生產國與能源進口國都面臨著不同的安全挑戰,並相互依賴著。沒有任何一方的獨善其身,都必須面對能源、環境與經濟的平衡。因此,希望藉由討論歐盟的經驗,讓其他國家在面對相同問題的時候可以有所借鏡。
     
     
     
     
     關鍵詞:歐盟、能源政策、環境安全、能源安全、氣候變遷
參考文獻 壹、中文資料
一、中文專書
Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, Jaap De Wilde著,朱寧譯,《新安全論》(Security: A New Framework for Analysis)杭州:浙江人民出版,2003。
James Howard Kunstler 著,郭恆祺譯,《沒有石油的明天:能源枯竭的全球化衝擊》(The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century)台北市:商周出版社,2007年。
Nicholas Moussis 著,王萬里譯,《歐盟手冊:前進歐盟》,台北:中國生產力出版,1999年。
Stanislav Z. Zhiznin著,徐小杰主編,《國際能源政治與外交》上海:華東師範大學出版社,2005。
Stephen Leeb著,王柏鴻譯,《石油衝擊》(The Coming Economic Collapse: How you Can Thrive When Oil Cost $200 a Barrel),台北:時報文化出版社,2007。
Toby Shelly 著,宋岩譯,《石油紛爭地圖》臺北市:晨星出版社,2006。
中國現代國際關係研究院經濟安全研究中心,《全球能源大棋局》北京:時事出版社,2005。
王逸舟,《全球化時代的國際安全》上海:上海人民出版,1999。
安尼瓦爾˙阿木提、張勝旺,《石油與國家安全》烏魯木齊:新疆人民出版社,2003年。
Ottaway, Marina. “Corporatism goes global: international organization, nongovernmental organization networks and transnational business,” Global Governance 7 (July-September, 2001), pp. 271-272.
Ozturk, Ahmet. “From oil pipeline to oil straits: the Caspian pipeline politics and environmental protection of the Istanbul and the Canakkale straits.” Journal of southern Europe and the Balkans 4: 1 (2002), pp. 57-74.
Thomas, Caroline. “Global Governance, Development and Human Security: exploring the links.” Third World Quarterly, 22, 2 (April 2001), pp. 159-175.
Ullman, Richard H. “Redefining Security.” International Security 8: 1 (summer, 1983), pp. 129-153.
Verrastro, Frank, and Sarah Ladislaw. “Providing Energy Security in an Independent World,” The Washington Quarterly 30: 4 (autumn, 2007), pp 95-104.
Walt, Stephen. “The Renaissance of Security Studies.” International Studies Quarterly 35: 2 (June 1991), pp. 211-239.
Willrich, Mason, and Melvin A. Conant. “The International Energy Agency: An Interpretation and Assessment,” The American Journal of International Law 71: 2 (April 1977), pp 199-223.
Yergin, Daniel. “Ensuring Energy Security.” Foreign Affairs 85: 2. (Mar/Apr, 2006), pp. 69-82.
參、 網路資料
一、重要統計年報
林正義主編,《石油與國際安全》,台北:遠景交流基金會,2007年9月。
British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007, <http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview>
EIA, “World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels, 1980-2005,” <http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/tableh1co2.xls>
EIA, International Energy Outlook 2007, (May, 2007), <http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pdf/0484(2007).pdf>
OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 2006, (2007), <http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/pdf/ASB2006.pdf>
UNFCCC, “National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2005,” FCCC/SBI/2007/30 (2007.10.24), <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/sbi/eng/30.pdf>
二、歐盟官方電子文獻
1st European Gas Regulatory Forum Madrid, <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas/madrid/doc_1/minutes_1st_forum.pdf>
CESI, ITT, ME, RAMBØLL, “TEN-Energy- Invest: Study on Energy Infrastructure Costs and Investments between 1996 and 2013 (medium-term) and further to 2023 (long-term) on the Trans-European Energy Network and its Connection to Neighboring Regions, Chapter 5: Gas,” 2005.10, <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/cesi/chapter_5_gas.pdf>
Commission of European Communities, “An EU Strategy for Biofuels,” COM(2006) 34 final, 8.2.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/biomass/biofuel/com2006_34_en.pdf>
Commission of European Communities, “Directive of the European Parliament and of Council: amending Directive 2003/55/EC concerning common rule for internal market in natural gas, COM (2007) 529 final, 2007.9.19. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0529:FIN:EN:PDF>
俞寬賜,《國際法新論》臺北縣永和市:啟英文化出版社,2002年。
Commission of the European Communities, “Black Sea Synergy-A New Regional Cooperation Initiative,” COM (2007) 160 final, 11.04.2007, <http://cor.ip.lu/COR_cms/ui/ViewDocument.aspx?siteid=default&contentID=903954c8-2967-4911-a94d-65edfbf5d230>
Commission of the European Communities, “Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy,” COM (2006) 105 final, 8.3.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/green-paper-energy/doc/2006_03_08_gp_document_en.pdf>
Commission of the European Communities, “Renewable Energy Road Map: Renewable energies in the 21st century: Building a more sustainable future,” COM (2006)848 final, 10.1.2007. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/com2006_0848en01.pdf>
Commission of the European Communities, “Report from the Commission: the TACIS Programme Annual Report 1999,” COM (2000) 835 final, 20.12.2000, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/ceeca/tacis/an_report_en.pdf>
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, “20 20 by 2020: Europe`s Climate Change Opportunity,” COM (2008)30 final. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0030:FIN:EN:PDF>
Communication from the Commission, “Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realizing the potential,” COM (2006) 545 final, 19.10.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/action_plan_energy_efficiency/doc/com_2006_0545_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “A New Step Forward for Maritime Safety in Europe,” (Nov. 2005), <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/publication/memos/2005_11_23_3rd_set_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “Implementation of TEN-E projects (2004-2006) Evaluation and Analysis,” 2007.11. <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/2007_11_ten_e_evaluation_report_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “Renewables make the difference,” 2007.11. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/brochure/2008_res_brochure_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 1: General Data,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/pb_1_general_2007.pdf>
查道炯主編,《中國學者看世界:非傳統安全卷》香港:和平圖書出版,2006年。
DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 2: Energy,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/2007_energy_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 4: Environment,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/2007_environment_en.pdf>
DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical pocketbook 2007: Electricity generation form Renewables,” <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2007_en.htm>
European Commission, “Biofuels in the European Union: A vision for 2030 and beyond,” 2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/biofuels_vision_2030_en.pdf>
European Commission, “Boosting growth and jobs by meeting our climate change commitments,” Press release IP/08/80, 23.1.2008. <http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/focus/energy-package-2008/index_en.htm>
European Commission, “Energy Corridors: European Union and neighboring countries,” 2007. <http://www.ecn.nl/publicaties/PdfFetch.aspx?nr=ECN-B--07-016>
European Commission, “EU emission trading: an open system promoting global innovation,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/bali/eu_action.pdf>
European Commission, “EU-Africa-Middle East Energy Conference: Co-chair conclusions by the European Commission and the Arab Republic of Egypt,” 1. 11. 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/energy/africa_mideast/conclusions.pdf>
European Commission, “EU-OPEC Hold Round Table Meeting to Discuss the Energy Policy,” IP/07/279, 30.5.2007. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/729&format=PDF&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
European Commission, “Ministerial Declaration on Enhanced energy co-operation between the EU, the Littoral States of the Black and Caspian Seas and their neighboring countries,” 30.11.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caucasus_central_asia/baku/doc/2006_11_30_astana_conclusions.pdf>
洪德生,《追求能源、環境與經濟平衡發展》台北市:台灣經濟研究院,1998年。
European Commission, “Promoting Biofuels in European: Securing a cleaner future for transport,” July, 2004. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/publications/doc/2004_brochure_biofuels_en.pdf>
European Commission, “Questions and Answers on the Proposal for a Directive on the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide,” MEMO/08/36, 23.1.2008. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/36>
European Commission, “Registration of Crude Oil Imports and Deliveries in the Community 2005,” <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/oil/crude/doc/2005_cce_eu.xls>
European Commission, “The European Union and Russia: Close Neighbors, Global Players, Strategic Partners,” October, 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/library/publications/34_eu_russia.pdf>
European Commission, “Trans-European Energy Network: TEN-E Priority Projects,” June, 2004. <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/2004_brochure/ten_e_priority_projects_2004_en.pdf>
European Commission, Memo/07/362, Brussels, 19.9.2007. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/362&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>
European Commission: Madrid Forum, <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas/madrid/1_en.htm>
三、歐盟相關網站
Gateway to the European Union, <http://europa.eu/index_en.htm>
European Commission: Energy, < http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.html>
倪建民,《能源安全報告》北京:人民出版社,2005。
Directorates-General Energy and Transport: Mission of DG “Energy and Transport”, <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/matthias_ruete/mission_en.html>
Directorates-General Energy and Transport: Organisation Chart, <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/matthias_ruete/doc/dg_tren_organisation_chart_en.pdf>
Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council, <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/showPage.asp?id=413&lang=en>
Committee on Industry, Research and Energy: Presentation of Committee, <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/itre/presentation_en.pdf>
European Economics and Social Committee, <http://www.eesc.europa.eu/index_en.asp>
European Economics and Social Committee: TEN Section, <http://www.eesc.europa.eu/sections/ten/index_en.asp?id=3000tenen>
European Energy Regulators-CEER and ERGEG,
<http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME>
EU-Russia Energy Dialogue Technology Centre, <http://www.technologycentre.org/content.php?lang=EN&ref=welcome> (2008/4/19)
European Commission External Relations, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/news/index_en.htm>
張亞中主編,《國際關係總論》台北:揚智出版社,2003。
European Commission External Energy Policy, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/energy/index.htm>
TRACECA, <http://www.traceca-org.org/default.php?l=en>
INOGATE, <http://www.inogate.org/inogate/en/about/context>
INOGATE, “INOGATE Development 2001-2004 and New Perspectives,” June, 2004, <http://www.inogate.org/inogate/en/downloads/inogate_2001-2004_en.zip.>, pp. 8-9
The European Biomass Association: AEBIOM, <http://www.aebiom.org/>
四、其他網路資料
《BBC中文網》<http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese>
《台灣-歐盟科研資訊網站》<http://www.nsc.gov.tw/dept/belgium/NEWSLETTER/conference/CF200705/CF200705_04.htm>
《台灣環境資訊中心》<http://e-info.org.tw/>
蕭代基,〈生質能源加速生存危機 供需失衡造成糧價高漲〉(2008.2.23)《台灣資訊環境中心》,<http://e-info.org.tw/node/30710>
郭秋慶,《歐洲聯盟概論》台北市:五南出版社,1999年。
〈 發展生質燃料的隱憂:恐加速暖化且侵害人權〉(2008.2.14),《台灣資訊環境中心》,<http://e-info.org.tw/node/30411>
《俄羅斯國營天然氣公司》Gazprom, <http://eng.gazpromquestions.ru/index.php?id=2>
《美國能源資訊局》Energy Information Administration, <http://www.eia.doe.gov>
《英國石油》British Petroleum, <http://www.bp.com>
《國際能源總署》International Energy Agency, <http://www.iea.org>
《國際貨幣基金》International Monetary Fund, <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/index.aspx>
《經濟部能源局:能源報導》 <http://www.tier.org.tw/energymonthly>
《經濟學人》The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/>
“A Bear at the Throat,” (2007.4.12) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9009041>
“Breaking up is so hard to do,” (2007.9.13) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9803986>
陸忠偉,《非傳統安全論》北京:時事出版社,2003年。
“Doffing the Cap,” (2007.6.14) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9337630>
“Filling it all back up again,” (2008.3.6), The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10808974>
“Pipedreams,” (2008.1.24) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10566657>
“EU, Caspian, Black Sea States Plan Common Energy Market,” Environment News Service, <http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/nov2006/2006-11-30-02.asp>
“Independent System Operator for EU Energy Markets,” The Brattle Group Newsletter Issue 1(2007). <http://www.brattle.com/_documents/UploadLibrary/Newsletter30.pdf>
EurActiv, <http://www.euractiv.com/en>
GlobalResearch. Ca, <http://globalresearch.ca/>
Major Russian Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Projects http://www.exorthodoxforchrist.com/resources14.htm (2008/4/22)
Marcon International, <http://www.marcon.com/marcon2c.cfm?SectionGroupsID=51&PageID=438>
Working Group I Report, “The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary,” IPCC <http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm-cn.pdf>(2008/2/1)
黃琛瑜,《歐洲聯盟:跨世紀政治工程》台北市:五南出版社,1999年。
楊光主編,《中東非洲發展報告No. 8(2004-2005):防範石油危機的國際經驗》北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2005年。
經濟部能源局,《能源政策白皮書》台北:經濟部能源局,2005年。
鄭漢通,《經濟全球化中的國家經濟安全問題》北京:國防大學出版社,1999。
二、期刊論文
王國璋,〈依新功能理論檢驗歐盟尚無共同能源政策之癥結〉,《美歐季刊》第十四卷第一期(2000年春季號),頁1-33。
李河清,〈知識社群與全球氣候談判〉,《問題與研究》,第43卷第6期(2004年11、12月),頁73-102。
---------,〈環境外交與氣候議題談判-以京都議定書為例〉《國家政策論壇》,第一卷第九期(2001年11月),頁14-26。
李涵茵,〈淺談碳捕捉與封存〉《能源報導》,(2007年12月),頁14-16。
李瓊莉,〈經濟安全概念在亞太地區的發展〉,《問題與研究》,第38卷第2期(1999年2月),頁39-54。
林俊雄,〈黑黝黝的液體黃金:石油提煉〉,《科學發展》,382期(2004年10月),頁24-29。
侯萬善,〈歐盟碳排放交易機制〉,《能源報導》,2007年12月,頁8-10。
洪朝輝,〈全球化-跨世紀的顯學〉,《問題與研究》,第39卷第8期(2000),頁73-83。
秦宣仁,〈國際戰略格局的重要籌碼—能源外交與能源戰略〉,《國際貿易》,第1期,(2005年),頁30-31。
翁鳳英,〈油菜花與稻米之爭:能源作物的迷思〉,《能源報導》(2007年11月),頁23-26。
---------,〈能源技術與思維在歐盟國家的應用〉,《能源報導》,2007年5月,頁26-29。
---------,〈節能屋在德國的發展〉,《能源報導》,2007年12月,頁27-30。
---------,〈滿了油箱餓了肚子:生質能源的的省思〉,《能源報導》(2007年7月),頁31-33。
---------,〈歐盟生質能發展現況〉,《能源報導》,(2007年10月),頁23-26。
許峻賓,〈全球再生能源發展概況〉,《能源報導》,(2007年4月),頁27-30。
陳大麟,〈石油、天然氣的特性〉,《科學發展》,356期(2002年8月),頁60-63。
陳芃,〈看數字在說話—國際能源供需現況情勢(下)〉,《能源報導》,(2004年6月),頁14-16。
蔡信行,〈油氣供應國情勢分析研究〉,《能源報導》,(2006年12月),頁14-16。
謝惠子,〈2006年能源與氣候變遷高峰論壇:能源與氣候變遷的挑戰〉,《能源報導》,(2007年2月),頁23-28。
簡添松,〈歐盟天然氣市場自由化之發展〉,《能源季刊》,第34卷第2期(2004年4月),頁61-79。
羅英杰,〈俄羅斯與歐盟的能源合作—兼論對中俄能源合作的啟示〉,《國際經濟評論 》,(2005年04期),頁55-59。
----------,〈歐盟能源企業對俄羅斯油氣資源投資淺析〉,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第十一期,(2006年),頁22-28。
----------,〈歐盟國家對俄羅斯投資淺析〉,《俄羅斯研究》,第三期,(2005年),頁43-48。
三、碩士論文
許庭瑜,《國際能源安全之研究:以美國石油安全政策涉足中亞油源為例》(國立政治大學外交學研究所,碩士論文,民國95年)。
四、研討會論文
連弘宜,〈中國對俄羅斯石油能源戰略與外交〉,中國大陸對非西方世界石油能源戰略與外交研討會,國立政治大學外交系主辦,2007年5月25日。
郭武平,〈歐盟對俄羅斯的能源安全戰略〉,歐盟能源安全的全球戰略佈局,歐洲聯盟研究論壇(EURF)、國立政治大學國際關係研究中心主辦,2006年10月21日。
蔡育岱,〈論安全研究的變遷〉,政治大學外交學系第五屆研究生論文發表會,國立政治大學外交學系主辦,2007年6月8日。
貳、西文資料
一、英文專書
Akiner, Shirin, ed. The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
Auty, Richard M., and Indra de Soysa, ed. Energy, Wealth and Governance in the Caucasus and Central Asia. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Buzan, Barry. People, States and Fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era, 2nd ed. Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1991.
Chasek, Pamela S., David L. Downie and Janet Welsh Brown. Global Environmental Politics 4th ed., Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2006.
Conca, Ken, and Geoffery D. Dabelko, eds., Green planet blues: environmental politics from Stockholm to Johannesburg, 3rd ed. Colorado: Westview, 2004.
Croissant, Michael P., and Bülent Aras, ed. Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Westport: PRAEGER, 1999.
Dannreuther, Roland, ed. European Union Foreign and Security Policy: Towards a neighborhood strategy. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Deese, David, and Joseph s. Nye, ed. Energy and security, Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub., 1981.
Dekmejian, R. Hrair, and Hovann H. Simonian. Troubled Waters: the Geopolitics of the Caspian Region. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2003.
Dinan, Desmond. Europe Recast: A History of Eurpoean Union. Boulder, Colo., : Lynne Rienner, 2004.
Doyle, Timothy. Environment and politics. London; New York: Routledge, 1998.
European Renewable Energy Council. Renewable Energy in European: Building Markets and Capacity. London: James & James, 2004.
Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Godement, François, Françoise Nicolas, and Taizo Yakushiji, ed. Asia and Europe – Cooperating for Energy Security. Paris: Institute français des relations internationales, 2004.
Gökay, Bülent. The Politics of Caspian Oil. New York: Palgrave, 2001.
Hay, Colin, and Anand Menon. European Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Held, David, and Anthony G. McGrew, ed. Governing Globalization: Power, and Global Governance, Ed., Cambridge: Malden Mass, 2002.
Karns, Margaret P., and Karen A. Mingst. International Organization: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2004.
Klare, Michael T. Resource Wars: the New Landscape of Global Conflict. New York: Owl Books, 2002.
Myers, Norman. Ultimate security: The Environmental Basis of Political Stability. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.
Pirages, Dennis, and Ken Cousins, ed. From Resource Scarcity to Ecological security: Exploring New Limits to Growth. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
Stern, Jonathan P. The Future of Russia Gas and Gazprom. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Weiss, Thomas G., and David P. Forsythe, and Roger A. Coate. The United Nations and Changing World Politics, 4th ed. Colorado: Westview, 2004.
二、英文期刊
Bahgat, Gawdat. “Energy Security: The Caspian Sea.” Minerals and Energy, Vol. 20, No. 2. (2005), pp. 3-15.
--------. “EU Seeks Energy Security in Stronger Supplier Ties,” Oil and Gas Journal 103:38(October, 2005), pp. 22-28.
--------. “Europe’s Energy Security: Challenges and Opportunities.” International Security 82: 5 (2006), pp.961-975.
--------. “Oil and Terrorism: Central Asia and the Caucasus,” The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 30: 3(fall, 2005), pp. 265-283.
--------. “Oil Security at the Dawn of the New Millennium.” The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 24: 3 (fall, 1999), pp. 275-290.
--------. “Pipeline Diplomacy: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Sea Region,” International Studies Perspectives No.3 (2002), pp. 310-327
Baldwin, David A. “The Concept of Security.” Review of International Studies 23, (1997), pp. 5-26.
Baran, Zeyno. “EU Energy Security: Time to End Russia Leverage,” The Washington Quarterly 30:4 (autumn, 2007), pp. 131-144.
Brown, Peggy Ann. “Changing the paradigm,” American Forests,(spring 2006), pp. 30-35.
Cable, Vincent. “What is international economic security,” International Affairs 71:2 (1995), pp. 305-324.
Deese, David A. “Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security.” International Security 4: 3 (winter, 1979-1980), pp.140-153.
Fürtig, Henner. “GCC-EU Political Cooperation: Myth or Reality?” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 31: 1(May, 2004), pp. 25-39.
Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. “Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: evidence from cases,” International security 19: 1 (summer 1994), pp. 5-40.
Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. “On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict,” International Security 16: 2 (autumn, 1991), pp. 76-116.
Kahler, Miles. “Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision,” The Pacific Review 17:4. (2004), pp. 485-502.
Krasner, Stephen D. “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables,” International Organization 36:2(spring, 1982), pp. 186-189.
Levy, Marc A. “Is the Environment a National Security Issues?” International Security 20: 2 (autumn, 1995), pp.35-62..
Lubell, Harold. “Security of Supply and Energy Policy in Western European,” World Politics 13: 3 (Apr., 1961), pp. 400-422.
Myers, Norman. “Environment and Security,” Foreign Policy, (Spring 1989), pp. 23-41.
Nesadurai, Helen E. S. “Economic security, globalization and governance,” The Pacific Review 17: 4 (2004), pp.459-484.
Nonneman, Gerd. “EU-GCC Relations: Dynamics, Perspectives, and the Issue of Political Reform,” Journal of Social Affairs 23:92 (winter 2006), pp. 13-33.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
94253004
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094253004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林碧炤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 張皓竣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張皓竣zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-九月-2009 10:09:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-九月-2009 10:09:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-九月-2009 10:09:23 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0094253004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31417-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94253004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在冷戰結束與經濟議題的興起之下,非傳統安全在國際關係中所受到的關注越來越多。隨著石油危機的發生,『能源安全』開始成為討論的目標,也重重影響各國的國防、外交與經濟政策。然而,在80年代後所吹起的環保風潮,也使得能源的使用開始受到環保人士的監督。過去以經濟目標為主的能源安全內涵已經不符合全球暖化下的要求,新的能源安全典範開始融入『環境安全』與永續發展的環保目標。此外,在油價高漲的時代之下,『能源外交』的出現,也使得各國間的能源合作成為一種外交手段,俄羅斯的興起就是最佳範例。在能源、環保、經濟與國家安全的相互交錯之下,都使得現今的能源議題比過去複雜。
     
     而歐盟正面臨的這種新式能源安全的挑戰,所以歐盟在2006年提出了《永續發展、競爭力和能源安全的歐洲戰略》的能源綠皮書(Green Paper)。在歐盟內部的能源政策目標中,積極希望能夠達成環境安全的要求來因應氣候變遷。同時也希望能夠配合歐盟的東擴,整合歐盟的內部天然氣市場,增加經濟與工業的競爭力;而在歐盟對外的能源戰略方面,主要是希望達成能源供應源多樣化的目標。因此,希望能與重要的能源生產國如俄羅斯、裡海地區與中東地區的國家建立能源合作的機制。最後,儘管面對許多挑戰,但是歐盟內部還是希望能建立共同能源政策,來增加歐盟對外能源談判的籌碼。
     
     在全球化與氣候變遷的影響之下,能源生產國與能源進口國都面臨著不同的安全挑戰,並相互依賴著。沒有任何一方的獨善其身,都必須面對能源、環境與經濟的平衡。因此,希望藉由討論歐盟的經驗,讓其他國家在面對相同問題的時候可以有所借鏡。
     
     
     
     
     關鍵詞:歐盟、能源政策、環境安全、能源安全、氣候變遷
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目 次……………………………………………………………………i
     圖表目次…………………………………………………………………iii
     
     第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1
      第一節 研究動機與研究目的………………………………………1
      第二節 研究範圍與研究限制………………………………………4
      第三節 文獻回顧……………………………………………………7
      第四節 研究方法……………………………………………………15
     
     第二章 國際經濟安全……………………………………………………17
      第一節 安全研究與經濟安全………………………………………17
      第二節 能源安全與國際關係………………………………………27
      第三節 環境安全與國際關係………………………………………37
      小結…………………………………………………………………45
     
     第三章 歐盟內部的能源政策……………………………………………49
      第一節 歐盟能源政策的發展……………………………………49
      第二節 歐盟的能源政策與氣候變遷……………………………54
      第三節 歐盟能源政策的評估與挑戰……………………………72
      小結 ………………………………………………………………82
     
     第四章 歐盟對外的能源政策……………………………………………85
      第一節 歐盟與俄羅斯的能源合作…………………………………85
      第二節 歐盟與裡海地區的能源合作………………………………96
      第三節 歐盟與中東國家的能源合作 ……………………………108
      小結…………………………………………………………………116
     
     第五章 結論 …………………………………………………………119
      第一節 研究發現 …………………………………………………119
      第二節 未來展望 …………………………………………………124
     
     參考文獻…………………………………………………………………127
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094253004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 歐盟zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能源安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 環境安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 氣候變遷zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 國際能源安全研究-以歐盟的能源政策為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, Jaap De Wilde著,朱寧譯,《新安全論》(Security: A New Framework for Analysis)杭州:浙江人民出版,2003。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) James Howard Kunstler 著,郭恆祺譯,《沒有石油的明天:能源枯竭的全球化衝擊》(The Long Emergency: Surviving the Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century)台北市:商周出版社,2007年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholas Moussis 著,王萬里譯,《歐盟手冊:前進歐盟》,台北:中國生產力出版,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stanislav Z. Zhiznin著,徐小杰主編,《國際能源政治與外交》上海:華東師範大學出版社,2005。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stephen Leeb著,王柏鴻譯,《石油衝擊》(The Coming Economic Collapse: How you Can Thrive When Oil Cost $200 a Barrel),台北:時報文化出版社,2007。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Toby Shelly 著,宋岩譯,《石油紛爭地圖》臺北市:晨星出版社,2006。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國現代國際關係研究院經濟安全研究中心,《全球能源大棋局》北京:時事出版社,2005。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王逸舟,《全球化時代的國際安全》上海:上海人民出版,1999。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 安尼瓦爾˙阿木提、張勝旺,《石油與國家安全》烏魯木齊:新疆人民出版社,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ottaway, Marina. “Corporatism goes global: international organization, nongovernmental organization networks and transnational business,” Global Governance 7 (July-September, 2001), pp. 271-272.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ozturk, Ahmet. “From oil pipeline to oil straits: the Caspian pipeline politics and environmental protection of the Istanbul and the Canakkale straits.” Journal of southern Europe and the Balkans 4: 1 (2002), pp. 57-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thomas, Caroline. “Global Governance, Development and Human Security: exploring the links.” Third World Quarterly, 22, 2 (April 2001), pp. 159-175.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ullman, Richard H. “Redefining Security.” International Security 8: 1 (summer, 1983), pp. 129-153.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verrastro, Frank, and Sarah Ladislaw. “Providing Energy Security in an Independent World,” The Washington Quarterly 30: 4 (autumn, 2007), pp 95-104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walt, Stephen. “The Renaissance of Security Studies.” International Studies Quarterly 35: 2 (June 1991), pp. 211-239.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Willrich, Mason, and Melvin A. Conant. “The International Energy Agency: An Interpretation and Assessment,” The American Journal of International Law 71: 2 (April 1977), pp 199-223.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yergin, Daniel. “Ensuring Energy Security.” Foreign Affairs 85: 2. (Mar/Apr, 2006), pp. 69-82.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參、 網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、重要統計年報zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林正義主編,《石油與國際安全》,台北:遠景交流基金會,2007年9月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007, <http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EIA, “World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Fossil Fuels, 1980-2005,” <http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/tableh1co2.xls>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EIA, International Energy Outlook 2007, (May, 2007), <http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pdf/0484(2007).pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin 2006, (2007), <http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/pdf/ASB2006.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UNFCCC, “National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2005,” FCCC/SBI/2007/30 (2007.10.24), <http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2007/sbi/eng/30.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、歐盟官方電子文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1st European Gas Regulatory Forum Madrid, <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas/madrid/doc_1/minutes_1st_forum.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) CESI, ITT, ME, RAMBØLL, “TEN-Energy- Invest: Study on Energy Infrastructure Costs and Investments between 1996 and 2013 (medium-term) and further to 2023 (long-term) on the Trans-European Energy Network and its Connection to Neighboring Regions, Chapter 5: Gas,” 2005.10, <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/cesi/chapter_5_gas.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of European Communities, “An EU Strategy for Biofuels,” COM(2006) 34 final, 8.2.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/biomass/biofuel/com2006_34_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of European Communities, “Directive of the European Parliament and of Council: amending Directive 2003/55/EC concerning common rule for internal market in natural gas, COM (2007) 529 final, 2007.9.19. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0529:FIN:EN:PDF>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 俞寬賜,《國際法新論》臺北縣永和市:啟英文化出版社,2002年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of the European Communities, “Black Sea Synergy-A New Regional Cooperation Initiative,” COM (2007) 160 final, 11.04.2007, <http://cor.ip.lu/COR_cms/ui/ViewDocument.aspx?siteid=default&contentID=903954c8-2967-4911-a94d-65edfbf5d230>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of the European Communities, “Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy,” COM (2006) 105 final, 8.3.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/green-paper-energy/doc/2006_03_08_gp_document_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of the European Communities, “Renewable Energy Road Map: Renewable energies in the 21st century: Building a more sustainable future,” COM (2006)848 final, 10.1.2007. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/com2006_0848en01.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission of the European Communities, “Report from the Commission: the TACIS Programme Annual Report 1999,” COM (2000) 835 final, 20.12.2000, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/ceeca/tacis/an_report_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, “20 20 by 2020: Europe`s Climate Change Opportunity,” COM (2008)30 final. <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0030:FIN:EN:PDF>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Communication from the Commission, “Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realizing the potential,” COM (2006) 545 final, 19.10.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/action_plan_energy_efficiency/doc/com_2006_0545_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “A New Step Forward for Maritime Safety in Europe,” (Nov. 2005), <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/publication/memos/2005_11_23_3rd_set_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Implementation of TEN-E projects (2004-2006) Evaluation and Analysis,” 2007.11. <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/2007_11_ten_e_evaluation_report_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Renewables make the difference,” 2007.11. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/climate_actions/doc/brochure/2008_res_brochure_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 1: General Data,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/pb_1_general_2007.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 查道炯主編,《中國學者看世界:非傳統安全卷》香港:和平圖書出版,2006年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 2: Energy,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/2007_energy_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical Pocketbook 2007 Part 4: Environment,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/doc/2007/2007_environment_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DG Energy and Transport, “Statistical pocketbook 2007: Electricity generation form Renewables,” <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/figures/pocketbook/2007_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Biofuels in the European Union: A vision for 2030 and beyond,” 2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/biofuels_vision_2030_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Boosting growth and jobs by meeting our climate change commitments,” Press release IP/08/80, 23.1.2008. <http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/focus/energy-package-2008/index_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Energy Corridors: European Union and neighboring countries,” 2007. <http://www.ecn.nl/publicaties/PdfFetch.aspx?nr=ECN-B--07-016>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “EU emission trading: an open system promoting global innovation,” 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/environment/climat/pdf/bali/eu_action.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “EU-Africa-Middle East Energy Conference: Co-chair conclusions by the European Commission and the Arab Republic of Egypt,” 1. 11. 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/energy/africa_mideast/conclusions.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “EU-OPEC Hold Round Table Meeting to Discuss the Energy Policy,” IP/07/279, 30.5.2007. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/729&format=PDF&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Ministerial Declaration on Enhanced energy co-operation between the EU, the Littoral States of the Black and Caspian Seas and their neighboring countries,” 30.11.2006. <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/international/regional/caucasus_central_asia/baku/doc/2006_11_30_astana_conclusions.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪德生,《追求能源、環境與經濟平衡發展》台北市:台灣經濟研究院,1998年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Promoting Biofuels in European: Securing a cleaner future for transport,” July, 2004. <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/publications/doc/2004_brochure_biofuels_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Questions and Answers on the Proposal for a Directive on the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide,” MEMO/08/36, 23.1.2008. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/08/36>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Registration of Crude Oil Imports and Deliveries in the Community 2005,” <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/oil/crude/doc/2005_cce_eu.xls>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “The European Union and Russia: Close Neighbors, Global Players, Strategic Partners,” October, 2007. <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/library/publications/34_eu_russia.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, “Trans-European Energy Network: TEN-E Priority Projects,” June, 2004. <http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/studies/doc/2004_brochure/ten_e_priority_projects_2004_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission, Memo/07/362, Brussels, 19.9.2007. <http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/362&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission: Madrid Forum, <http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas/madrid/1_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、歐盟相關網站zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gateway to the European Union, <http://europa.eu/index_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission: Energy, < http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 倪建民,《能源安全報告》北京:人民出版社,2005。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Directorates-General Energy and Transport: Mission of DG “Energy and Transport”, <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/matthias_ruete/mission_en.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Directorates-General Energy and Transport: Organisation Chart, <http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/matthias_ruete/doc/dg_tren_organisation_chart_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council, <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/showPage.asp?id=413&lang=en>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Committee on Industry, Research and Energy: Presentation of Committee, <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/comparl/itre/presentation_en.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Economics and Social Committee, <http://www.eesc.europa.eu/index_en.asp>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Economics and Social Committee: TEN Section, <http://www.eesc.europa.eu/sections/ten/index_en.asp?id=3000tenen>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Energy Regulators-CEER and ERGEG,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) <http://www.energy-regulators.eu/portal/page/portal/EER_HOME>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EU-Russia Energy Dialogue Technology Centre, <http://www.technologycentre.org/content.php?lang=EN&ref=welcome> (2008/4/19)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission External Relations, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/news/index_en.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張亞中主編,《國際關係總論》台北:揚智出版社,2003。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Commission External Energy Policy, <http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/energy/index.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) TRACECA, <http://www.traceca-org.org/default.php?l=en>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) INOGATE, <http://www.inogate.org/inogate/en/about/context>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) INOGATE, “INOGATE Development 2001-2004 and New Perspectives,” June, 2004, <http://www.inogate.org/inogate/en/downloads/inogate_2001-2004_en.zip.>, pp. 8-9zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The European Biomass Association: AEBIOM, <http://www.aebiom.org/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、其他網路資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《BBC中文網》<http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《台灣-歐盟科研資訊網站》<http://www.nsc.gov.tw/dept/belgium/NEWSLETTER/conference/CF200705/CF200705_04.htm>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《台灣環境資訊中心》<http://e-info.org.tw/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭代基,〈生質能源加速生存危機 供需失衡造成糧價高漲〉(2008.2.23)《台灣資訊環境中心》,<http://e-info.org.tw/node/30710>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郭秋慶,《歐洲聯盟概論》台北市:五南出版社,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈 發展生質燃料的隱憂:恐加速暖化且侵害人權〉(2008.2.14),《台灣資訊環境中心》,<http://e-info.org.tw/node/30411>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《俄羅斯國營天然氣公司》Gazprom, <http://eng.gazpromquestions.ru/index.php?id=2>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《美國能源資訊局》Energy Information Administration, <http://www.eia.doe.gov>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《英國石油》British Petroleum, <http://www.bp.com>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《國際能源總署》International Energy Agency, <http://www.iea.org>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《國際貨幣基金》International Monetary Fund, <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/index.aspx>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《經濟部能源局:能源報導》 <http://www.tier.org.tw/energymonthly>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 《經濟學人》The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “A Bear at the Throat,” (2007.4.12) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9009041>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Breaking up is so hard to do,” (2007.9.13) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9803986>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陸忠偉,《非傳統安全論》北京:時事出版社,2003年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Doffing the Cap,” (2007.6.14) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9337630>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Filling it all back up again,” (2008.3.6), The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10808974>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Pipedreams,” (2008.1.24) The Economist, <http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10566657>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “EU, Caspian, Black Sea States Plan Common Energy Market,” Environment News Service, <http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/nov2006/2006-11-30-02.asp>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) “Independent System Operator for EU Energy Markets,” The Brattle Group Newsletter Issue 1(2007). <http://www.brattle.com/_documents/UploadLibrary/Newsletter30.pdf>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) EurActiv, <http://www.euractiv.com/en>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) GlobalResearch. Ca, <http://globalresearch.ca/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Major Russian Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline Projects http://www.exorthodoxforchrist.com/resources14.htm (2008/4/22)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marcon International, <http://www.marcon.com/marcon2c.cfm?SectionGroupsID=51&PageID=438>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Working Group I Report, “The Physical Science Basis: Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary,” IPCC <http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm-cn.pdf>(2008/2/1)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃琛瑜,《歐洲聯盟:跨世紀政治工程》台北市:五南出版社,1999年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊光主編,《中東非洲發展報告No. 8(2004-2005):防範石油危機的國際經驗》北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 經濟部能源局,《能源政策白皮書》台北:經濟部能源局,2005年。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭漢通,《經濟全球化中的國家經濟安全問題》北京:國防大學出版社,1999。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王國璋,〈依新功能理論檢驗歐盟尚無共同能源政策之癥結〉,《美歐季刊》第十四卷第一期(2000年春季號),頁1-33。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李河清,〈知識社群與全球氣候談判〉,《問題與研究》,第43卷第6期(2004年11、12月),頁73-102。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---------,〈環境外交與氣候議題談判-以京都議定書為例〉《國家政策論壇》,第一卷第九期(2001年11月),頁14-26。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李涵茵,〈淺談碳捕捉與封存〉《能源報導》,(2007年12月),頁14-16。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李瓊莉,〈經濟安全概念在亞太地區的發展〉,《問題與研究》,第38卷第2期(1999年2月),頁39-54。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林俊雄,〈黑黝黝的液體黃金:石油提煉〉,《科學發展》,382期(2004年10月),頁24-29。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 侯萬善,〈歐盟碳排放交易機制〉,《能源報導》,2007年12月,頁8-10。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪朝輝,〈全球化-跨世紀的顯學〉,《問題與研究》,第39卷第8期(2000),頁73-83。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 秦宣仁,〈國際戰略格局的重要籌碼—能源外交與能源戰略〉,《國際貿易》,第1期,(2005年),頁30-31。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁鳳英,〈油菜花與稻米之爭:能源作物的迷思〉,《能源報導》(2007年11月),頁23-26。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---------,〈能源技術與思維在歐盟國家的應用〉,《能源報導》,2007年5月,頁26-29。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---------,〈節能屋在德國的發展〉,《能源報導》,2007年12月,頁27-30。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---------,〈滿了油箱餓了肚子:生質能源的的省思〉,《能源報導》(2007年7月),頁31-33。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---------,〈歐盟生質能發展現況〉,《能源報導》,(2007年10月),頁23-26。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許峻賓,〈全球再生能源發展概況〉,《能源報導》,(2007年4月),頁27-30。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳大麟,〈石油、天然氣的特性〉,《科學發展》,356期(2002年8月),頁60-63。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳芃,〈看數字在說話—國際能源供需現況情勢(下)〉,《能源報導》,(2004年6月),頁14-16。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡信行,〈油氣供應國情勢分析研究〉,《能源報導》,(2006年12月),頁14-16。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝惠子,〈2006年能源與氣候變遷高峰論壇:能源與氣候變遷的挑戰〉,《能源報導》,(2007年2月),頁23-28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 簡添松,〈歐盟天然氣市場自由化之發展〉,《能源季刊》,第34卷第2期(2004年4月),頁61-79。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 羅英杰,〈俄羅斯與歐盟的能源合作—兼論對中俄能源合作的啟示〉,《國際經濟評論 》,(2005年04期),頁55-59。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ----------,〈歐盟能源企業對俄羅斯油氣資源投資淺析〉,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第十一期,(2006年),頁22-28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ----------,〈歐盟國家對俄羅斯投資淺析〉,《俄羅斯研究》,第三期,(2005年),頁43-48。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、碩士論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許庭瑜,《國際能源安全之研究:以美國石油安全政策涉足中亞油源為例》(國立政治大學外交學研究所,碩士論文,民國95年)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、研討會論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 連弘宜,〈中國對俄羅斯石油能源戰略與外交〉,中國大陸對非西方世界石油能源戰略與外交研討會,國立政治大學外交系主辦,2007年5月25日。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郭武平,〈歐盟對俄羅斯的能源安全戰略〉,歐盟能源安全的全球戰略佈局,歐洲聯盟研究論壇(EURF)、國立政治大學國際關係研究中心主辦,2006年10月21日。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡育岱,〈論安全研究的變遷〉,政治大學外交學系第五屆研究生論文發表會,國立政治大學外交學系主辦,2007年6月8日。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 貳、西文資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、英文專書zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akiner, Shirin, ed. The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Auty, Richard M., and Indra de Soysa, ed. Energy, Wealth and Governance in the Caucasus and Central Asia. New York: Routledge, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buzan, Barry. People, States and Fear: an agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era, 2nd ed. Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chasek, Pamela S., David L. Downie and Janet Welsh Brown. Global Environmental Politics 4th ed., Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conca, Ken, and Geoffery D. Dabelko, eds., Green planet blues: environmental politics from Stockholm to Johannesburg, 3rd ed. Colorado: Westview, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Croissant, Michael P., and Bülent Aras, ed. Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region. Westport: PRAEGER, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dannreuther, Roland, ed. European Union Foreign and Security Policy: Towards a neighborhood strategy. New York: Routledge, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deese, David, and Joseph s. Nye, ed. Energy and security, Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub., 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dekmejian, R. Hrair, and Hovann H. Simonian. Troubled Waters: the Geopolitics of the Caspian Region. New York: I.B.Tauris, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dinan, Desmond. Europe Recast: A History of Eurpoean Union. Boulder, Colo., : Lynne Rienner, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doyle, Timothy. Environment and politics. London; New York: Routledge, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) European Renewable Energy Council. Renewable Energy in European: Building Markets and Capacity. London: James & James, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fawcett, Louise. International Relations of the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Godement, François, Françoise Nicolas, and Taizo Yakushiji, ed. Asia and Europe – Cooperating for Energy Security. Paris: Institute français des relations internationales, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gökay, Bülent. The Politics of Caspian Oil. New York: Palgrave, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hay, Colin, and Anand Menon. European Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Held, David, and Anthony G. McGrew, ed. Governing Globalization: Power, and Global Governance, Ed., Cambridge: Malden Mass, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Karns, Margaret P., and Karen A. Mingst. International Organization: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klare, Michael T. Resource Wars: the New Landscape of Global Conflict. New York: Owl Books, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Myers, Norman. Ultimate security: The Environmental Basis of Political Stability. New York: W. W. Norton, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pirages, Dennis, and Ken Cousins, ed. From Resource Scarcity to Ecological security: Exploring New Limits to Growth. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stern, Jonathan P. The Future of Russia Gas and Gazprom. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas G., and David P. Forsythe, and Roger A. Coate. The United Nations and Changing World Politics, 4th ed. Colorado: Westview, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文期刊zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bahgat, Gawdat. “Energy Security: The Caspian Sea.” Minerals and Energy, Vol. 20, No. 2. (2005), pp. 3-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) --------. “EU Seeks Energy Security in Stronger Supplier Ties,” Oil and Gas Journal 103:38(October, 2005), pp. 22-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) --------. “Europe’s Energy Security: Challenges and Opportunities.” International Security 82: 5 (2006), pp.961-975.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) --------. “Oil and Terrorism: Central Asia and the Caucasus,” The Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies, 30: 3(fall, 2005), pp. 265-283.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) --------. “Oil Security at the Dawn of the New Millennium.” The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 24: 3 (fall, 1999), pp. 275-290.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) --------. “Pipeline Diplomacy: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Sea Region,” International Studies Perspectives No.3 (2002), pp. 310-327zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baldwin, David A. “The Concept of Security.” Review of International Studies 23, (1997), pp. 5-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baran, Zeyno. “EU Energy Security: Time to End Russia Leverage,” The Washington Quarterly 30:4 (autumn, 2007), pp. 131-144.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, Peggy Ann. “Changing the paradigm,” American Forests,(spring 2006), pp. 30-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cable, Vincent. “What is international economic security,” International Affairs 71:2 (1995), pp. 305-324.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deese, David A. “Energy: Economics, Politics, and Security.” International Security 4: 3 (winter, 1979-1980), pp.140-153.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fürtig, Henner. “GCC-EU Political Cooperation: Myth or Reality?” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 31: 1(May, 2004), pp. 25-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. “Environmental scarcities and violent conflict: evidence from cases,” International security 19: 1 (summer 1994), pp. 5-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Homer-Dixon, Thomas F. “On the Threshold: Environmental Changes as Causes of Acute Conflict,” International Security 16: 2 (autumn, 1991), pp. 76-116.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kahler, Miles. “Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision,” The Pacific Review 17:4. (2004), pp. 485-502.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krasner, Stephen D. “Structural Causes and Regime Consequences: Regimes as Intervening Variables,” International Organization 36:2(spring, 1982), pp. 186-189.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Levy, Marc A. “Is the Environment a National Security Issues?” International Security 20: 2 (autumn, 1995), pp.35-62..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lubell, Harold. “Security of Supply and Energy Policy in Western European,” World Politics 13: 3 (Apr., 1961), pp. 400-422.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Myers, Norman. “Environment and Security,” Foreign Policy, (Spring 1989), pp. 23-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nesadurai, Helen E. S. “Economic security, globalization and governance,” The Pacific Review 17: 4 (2004), pp.459-484.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nonneman, Gerd. “EU-GCC Relations: Dynamics, Perspectives, and the Issue of Political Reform,” Journal of Social Affairs 23:92 (winter 2006), pp. 13-33.zh_TW