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題名 羅爾斯公共理性理念研究
A Study on Rawls`s Idea of Public Reason
作者 王冠生
貢獻者 何信全<br>戴華
王冠生
關鍵詞 羅爾斯
政治自由主義
公共理性
公共證成
交疊共識
審議式民主
羅爾斯式審議理論
John Rawls
political liberalism
public reason
public justification
overlapping consensus
deliberative democracy
Rawlsian deliberative theory
日期 2007
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 11:57:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 羅爾斯於一九九三年發表《政治自由主義》，試圖為多元社會的整合提供一套哲學基礎。羅爾斯認為價值的差異與分歧是當代社會的重要特徵，多元的宗教觀、哲學觀、道德觀、人生觀是一個既存的事實，然而合理的公民能夠形成「交疊共識」，支持一套政治性正義觀，作為規範社會基本結構的基礎。尤其在面對憲政核心爭議與基本正義問題時，合理的公民能夠擱置具爭議性的整全性學說，遵循公共理性的理念，根據同一套政治性正義觀所提供的政治價值與正義原則來解決爭議、凝聚共識、證成決策。不過，羅爾斯的公共理性論受到許多批評，其至少面臨「公共理性無法證成政治共識」、「公共理性不公平地排除整全性學說」、「公共理性是多種而非一種」、「公共理性將淪為膚淺的大眾理性」四種挑戰，此四種挑戰分別是對於公共理性之「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」、「公共性」的質疑。針對這些挑戰，羅爾斯對其理論進行了三項主要修正：第一，以「寬觀點公共理性」與「包含式公共理性」補充「排除式公共理性」。第二，公共理性的內容是由一整套「自由主義政治性正義觀之族系」所給定，「正義即公平」也只是諸多合理的政治性正義觀之一。第三，羅爾斯承認公共理性的侷限，然而在必要時，得以「基於公共理性的投票」做出決策。根據這些修正，筆者認為羅爾斯的公共理性論能夠回應「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」三方面的挑戰，但是仍無法完全解決「完備性」的問題。因此在本文中，筆者試圖以「寬觀點公共理性」與「廣泛的反思均衡」證成「羅爾斯式的審議理論」，以突破公共理性的限制。尤其是筆者認為，「羅爾斯式審議理論」具有「公共證成的審議模式」、「尊重民主文化」、「兼顧程序正義與實質正義」、「滿足『真誠要求』」、「強化公民意識」、「重視公共理由」等特質，體現了一種自由主義式的審議式民主理論。因此，當我們思索「多元社會的政治共識如何可能？」時，「羅爾斯式審議理論」是一項較合理的方案。
This dissertation intends to explore John Rawls’s idea of public reason. Public reason is the core conception of Rawls’s political liberalism. Its subject is the public good concerning questions of fundamental political justice. Rawls argues that, though value diversity is the fact of a modern democratic society, reasonable citizens will follow a political conception of justice endorsed by the overlapping consensus between different kinds of comprehensive doctrines in order to resolve the deep conflicts. Especially, when the problems about constitutional essentials and basic justice occur, reasonable citizens will abide by the idea of public reason to deal with the problems. The idea of public reason is helpful for us to justify political consensus in a pluralistic society. However, some philosophers challenge the idea of public reason. They criticize that the idea of public reason cannot deal with the hard issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and affirmative action. Faced with these criticisms, Rawls revises his theory in three aspects. First, he revises the exclusive view of public reason by the inclusive view of public reason and the wide view of public reason. Secondly, he argues that the content of public reason is given by a family of reasonable political conceptions of justice. Thirdly, he asserts that we can make a political decision by voting in accordance with the idea of public reason if it is necessary. But, these revisions seems cannot completely overcome the shortcoming of the theory of public reason. Therefore, I want to justify Rawlsian deliberative theory based on the wide view of public reason and the wide reflective equilibrium to overcome the shortcoming of the idea of public reason. Owing to Rawlsian deliberative theory can reconcile liberalism and deliberative democracy, strengthen our civic friendship, and urge us to value public reasons more, I think it is a more plausible theory to justify political consensus in a modern pluralistic society.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
哲學研究所
90154501
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0901545011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 何信全<br>戴華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王冠生zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王冠生zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 11:57:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 11:57:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 11:57:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0901545011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/31728-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 哲學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90154501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 羅爾斯於一九九三年發表《政治自由主義》，試圖為多元社會的整合提供一套哲學基礎。羅爾斯認為價值的差異與分歧是當代社會的重要特徵，多元的宗教觀、哲學觀、道德觀、人生觀是一個既存的事實，然而合理的公民能夠形成「交疊共識」，支持一套政治性正義觀，作為規範社會基本結構的基礎。尤其在面對憲政核心爭議與基本正義問題時，合理的公民能夠擱置具爭議性的整全性學說，遵循公共理性的理念，根據同一套政治性正義觀所提供的政治價值與正義原則來解決爭議、凝聚共識、證成決策。不過，羅爾斯的公共理性論受到許多批評，其至少面臨「公共理性無法證成政治共識」、「公共理性不公平地排除整全性學說」、「公共理性是多種而非一種」、「公共理性將淪為膚淺的大眾理性」四種挑戰，此四種挑戰分別是對於公共理性之「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」、「公共性」的質疑。針對這些挑戰，羅爾斯對其理論進行了三項主要修正：第一，以「寬觀點公共理性」與「包含式公共理性」補充「排除式公共理性」。第二，公共理性的內容是由一整套「自由主義政治性正義觀之族系」所給定，「正義即公平」也只是諸多合理的政治性正義觀之一。第三，羅爾斯承認公共理性的侷限，然而在必要時，得以「基於公共理性的投票」做出決策。根據這些修正，筆者認為羅爾斯的公共理性論能夠回應「完備性」、「公平性」、「單一性」三方面的挑戰，但是仍無法完全解決「完備性」的問題。因此在本文中，筆者試圖以「寬觀點公共理性」與「廣泛的反思均衡」證成「羅爾斯式的審議理論」，以突破公共理性的限制。尤其是筆者認為，「羅爾斯式審議理論」具有「公共證成的審議模式」、「尊重民主文化」、「兼顧程序正義與實質正義」、「滿足『真誠要求』」、「強化公民意識」、「重視公共理由」等特質，體現了一種自由主義式的審議式民主理論。因此，當我們思索「多元社會的政治共識如何可能？」時，「羅爾斯式審議理論」是一項較合理的方案。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This dissertation intends to explore John Rawls’s idea of public reason. Public reason is the core conception of Rawls’s political liberalism. Its subject is the public good concerning questions of fundamental political justice. Rawls argues that, though value diversity is the fact of a modern democratic society, reasonable citizens will follow a political conception of justice endorsed by the overlapping consensus between different kinds of comprehensive doctrines in order to resolve the deep conflicts. Especially, when the problems about constitutional essentials and basic justice occur, reasonable citizens will abide by the idea of public reason to deal with the problems. The idea of public reason is helpful for us to justify political consensus in a pluralistic society. However, some philosophers challenge the idea of public reason. They criticize that the idea of public reason cannot deal with the hard issues such as abortion, euthanasia, and affirmative action. Faced with these criticisms, Rawls revises his theory in three aspects. First, he revises the exclusive view of public reason by the inclusive view of public reason and the wide view of public reason. Secondly, he argues that the content of public reason is given by a family of reasonable political conceptions of justice. Thirdly, he asserts that we can make a political decision by voting in accordance with the idea of public reason if it is necessary. But, these revisions seems cannot completely overcome the shortcoming of the theory of public reason. Therefore, I want to justify Rawlsian deliberative theory based on the wide view of public reason and the wide reflective equilibrium to overcome the shortcoming of the idea of public reason. Owing to Rawlsian deliberative theory can reconcile liberalism and deliberative democracy, strengthen our civic friendship, and urge us to value public reasons more, I think it is a more plausible theory to justify political consensus in a modern pluralistic society.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論 ……………………………………………………………………………1
     第一節 研究動機 ……………………………………………………………1
     第二節 文獻探討 ……………………………………………………………4
     第三節 研究架構 …………………………………………………………11
     
     第一章 公共理性與公共證成…………………………………………………19
     第一節 公共理性的背景：政治自由主義的哲學計畫…………………20
     第二節 公共理性的起源：從康德到羅爾斯…………………………………32
     第三節 公共理性的理論內涵………………………………………………43
     第四節 公共理性與政治共識的證成………………………………………57
     
     第二章 公共理性的挑戰……………………………………………………69
     第一節 公共理性無法證成政治共識………………………………………69
     第二節 公共理性不公平地排除整全性學說………………………………78
     第三節 公共理性是多種而非一種…………………………………………87
     第四節 公共理性將淪為膚淺的大眾理性…………………………………96
     
     第三章 公共理性的修正與回應 …………………………………………105
     第一節 以「包含式公共理性」與「寬觀點公共理性」補充「排除式公共理性」 105
     第二節 以「自由主義政治性正義觀之族系」取代「單一政治性正義觀」115
     第三節 以「基於公共理性的投票」解決僵局 …………………………121
     第四節 對四種挑戰的回應 ……………………………………………127
     
     第四章 羅爾斯式審議理論的證成 ………………………………………143
     第一節 公共理性與公共審議 ……………………………………………144
     第二節 古德曼與湯普森論審議式民主的程序性與實質性原則 ………151
     第三節 柯亨論理想審議程序與審議原則 ………………………………161
     第四節 以「廣泛的反思均衡」與「寬觀點公共理性」證成羅爾斯式審議理論 …168
     
     第五章 羅爾斯與哈伯瑪斯之公共理性觀與審議式民主論的對比 ……179
     第一節 哈伯瑪斯論溝通行動理論、對話倫理學與審議式民主 ………180
     第二節 哈伯瑪斯對政治自由主義的質疑 ………………………………199
     第三節 羅爾斯論政治自由主義與溝通行動理論的差異 ………………209
     第四節 羅爾斯與哈伯瑪斯之公共理性觀與審議式民主論的三項對比 222
     
     結論 …………………………………………………………………………237
     
     參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………247		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0901545011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 羅爾斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治自由主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共理性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共證成zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交疊共識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 審議式民主zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 羅爾斯式審議理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) John Rawlsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) political liberalismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public reasonen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) public justificationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) overlapping consensusen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) deliberative democracyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rawlsian deliberative theoryen_US
dc.title (題名) 羅爾斯公共理性理念研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study on Rawls`s Idea of Public Reasonen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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