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題名 台灣職場性別隔離的趨勢
Trends of Sex Segregation in the Taiwanese Workplace
作者 姜馨彥
Chiang, Hsin Yen
貢獻者 譚康榮
Tam,Tony
姜馨彥
Chiang, Hsin Yen
關鍵詞 工作層次性別隔離
邊際自由指標
標準化女性比例
job-level sex segregation
margin-free index
Standardized Percent Women
日期 2006
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 13:22:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文採用民國六十七年至九十一年人力資源調查五月份的資料，建構人力資源調查合併資料檔案，根據相異指數、以及Tam（2001b）的標準化女性比例，進行職業層次、產業層次、工作層次性別隔離的程度和樣貌的趨勢分析，並以三維立體圖形方法呈現結果。研究結果顯示，職業層次的性別隔離近乎整合且標準化女性比例的百分比座落在60％至70％之職業有逐漸增多的趨勢、產業層次的性別隔離也呈現整合而中性職業增加的趨勢、至於工作層次性別隔離程度則逐漸下降且也呈現出整合的趨勢變化，而工作層次性別隔離程度高過職業層次性別隔離程度。另採用民國六十九年與七十九年台閩地區戶口及住宅普查資料完整母體資料所建構的工作層次資料，以檢驗使用人力運用調查的樣本資料得出之工作層次資料的結果，證明後者的分析具有效度。而採用普查資料進行探究也發現，無論是在更細緻的職業層次（三分位職業代碼）和工作層次（三分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合）、或者是在與人力資源調查相同的職業層次（二分位職業代碼）和工作層次（二分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合）的分析層次下，採用相異指數和標準化女性比例的結果皆是性別隔離程度下降、也呈現出整合的趨勢變化，工作層次性別隔離程度也高過職業層次性別隔離程度，然其僅提供十年間的資訊，實為可惜之處。
This study uses data from 1978-2002 Manpower Utilization Survey (MUS) for analyzing, ultimately, job-level sex segregation in Taiwanese workplace. Taking into account the limitation of large amount of small-N job cells due to the relatively smaller sample sizes, the method of mid-point of interval estimation and 5-year aggregation is applied with its strength of consecutive data series: pooling data across 1978 to 1982 as estimation for year 1980, and so on, to construct 5-year aggregated MUS data. To view the job-level sex segregation pattern, job-level datasets are established by the “combination of occupation and industry codes”, from which there are units of analysis, job cells. And discarding small-N reliable sampled jobs in MUS is essential to avoid biased results for they contain extreme sex composition after comparing with those from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses. Findings indicate that the degree of occupational, industrial, and job-level sex segregation is somewhat increasing by Duncan and Duncan’s Dissimilarity Index, by which it is unable to measure the exact segregation degree because of its margin-dependent trait. However, by using Tam’s margin-free index: Standardized Percent Women, findings indicate that: (1) for occupational-level sex segregation, there is a trend of integration, and those occupations with 60%- 70% SPWOM shows a slight increase; (2) for industrial sex segregation, the trend almost remain the same, just that gender-neutral industries increase a bit, especially in recent years; (3) as for the degree of job-level sex segregation, it is declining, and there is a long-term trend of integration in Taiwanese workplace over the past 25 years. Therefore, job-level analysis does show what the past occupational and industrial analysis cannot present. And the findings from MUS are robust, based on the contrast analysis from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses; in addition, research outcomes from Census data also show integrated pattern in occupational and job-level sex segregation in that decade.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學研究所
90254003
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902540031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 譚康榮zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tam,Tonyen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 姜馨彥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiang, Hsin Yenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 姜馨彥zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Hsin Yenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 13:22:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 13:22:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 13:22:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0902540031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32198-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90254003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文採用民國六十七年至九十一年人力資源調查五月份的資料，建構人力資源調查合併資料檔案，根據相異指數、以及Tam（2001b）的標準化女性比例，進行職業層次、產業層次、工作層次性別隔離的程度和樣貌的趨勢分析，並以三維立體圖形方法呈現結果。研究結果顯示，職業層次的性別隔離近乎整合且標準化女性比例的百分比座落在60％至70％之職業有逐漸增多的趨勢、產業層次的性別隔離也呈現整合而中性職業增加的趨勢、至於工作層次性別隔離程度則逐漸下降且也呈現出整合的趨勢變化，而工作層次性別隔離程度高過職業層次性別隔離程度。另採用民國六十九年與七十九年台閩地區戶口及住宅普查資料完整母體資料所建構的工作層次資料，以檢驗使用人力運用調查的樣本資料得出之工作層次資料的結果，證明後者的分析具有效度。而採用普查資料進行探究也發現，無論是在更細緻的職業層次（三分位職業代碼）和工作層次（三分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合）、或者是在與人力資源調查相同的職業層次（二分位職業代碼）和工作層次（二分位職業代碼與二分位行業代碼的工作代碼組合）的分析層次下，採用相異指數和標準化女性比例的結果皆是性別隔離程度下降、也呈現出整合的趨勢變化，工作層次性別隔離程度也高過職業層次性別隔離程度，然其僅提供十年間的資訊，實為可惜之處。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study uses data from 1978-2002 Manpower Utilization Survey (MUS) for analyzing, ultimately, job-level sex segregation in Taiwanese workplace. Taking into account the limitation of large amount of small-N job cells due to the relatively smaller sample sizes, the method of mid-point of interval estimation and 5-year aggregation is applied with its strength of consecutive data series: pooling data across 1978 to 1982 as estimation for year 1980, and so on, to construct 5-year aggregated MUS data. To view the job-level sex segregation pattern, job-level datasets are established by the “combination of occupation and industry codes”, from which there are units of analysis, job cells. And discarding small-N reliable sampled jobs in MUS is essential to avoid biased results for they contain extreme sex composition after comparing with those from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses. Findings indicate that the degree of occupational, industrial, and job-level sex segregation is somewhat increasing by Duncan and Duncan’s Dissimilarity Index, by which it is unable to measure the exact segregation degree because of its margin-dependent trait. However, by using Tam’s margin-free index: Standardized Percent Women, findings indicate that: (1) for occupational-level sex segregation, there is a trend of integration, and those occupations with 60%- 70% SPWOM shows a slight increase; (2) for industrial sex segregation, the trend almost remain the same, just that gender-neutral industries increase a bit, especially in recent years; (3) as for the degree of job-level sex segregation, it is declining, and there is a long-term trend of integration in Taiwanese workplace over the past 25 years. Therefore, job-level analysis does show what the past occupational and industrial analysis cannot present. And the findings from MUS are robust, based on the contrast analysis from population data of 1980 and 1990 Taiwanese Censuses; in addition, research outcomes from Census data also show integrated pattern in occupational and job-level sex segregation in that decade.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 前言 1
     第一節 台灣工業與經濟的成長 4
     第二節 台灣職業性別隔離的相關研究 7
     第三節 台灣職場性別隔離研究的重要性 9
     第二章 文獻回顧與理論探討 12
     第一節 性別隔離指標的演進 16
     第二節 勞動市場性別隔離的研究層次 19
     第三節 職業性別隔離的相關理論探討 23
     第四節 研究假設 27
     第三章 研究設計與方法 29
     第一節 資料來源 29
     第二節 工作代碼的建構與工作層次的分析 32
     第三節 相關的性別隔離指標與分析層次 37
     第四章 初步的研究發現 42
     第一節 人力資源調查職業層次性別隔離的長期趨勢 42
     第二節 人力資源調查產業層次性別隔離的長期趨勢 45
     第三節 人力資源調查工作層次性別隔離的長期趨勢 48
     第五章 研究資料的限制與解決辦法 52
     第一節 人力資源調查的缺點、限制 52
     第二節 台閩地區戶口及住宅普查資料的優點 53
     第三節 工作層次的測量誤差分析 59
     第四節 人力資源調查資料的工作層次性別隔離分析效度 65
     第六章 結論 67
     參考書目 72
     附錄一、人力資源調查職業層次的性別隔離程度和樣貌 81
     附錄二、人力資源調查產業層次的性別隔離程度和樣貌 86
     
     
     表目次
     
     表1-1 8
     表3-1 1978年至2002年人力資源調查資料的行業與職業分類更動 32
     表3-2 1980年和1990年普查資料中的可靠工作類別（類型I）範例 34
     表3-3 1980年和1990年普查資料中的可靠工作類別（類型II）範例 35
     表3-4 1980年和1990年人力資源調查五年合併資料中的可靠工作類別（類型II）範例 35
     表3-5 1978年至2002年人力資源調查的資料資訊 36
     表3-6 人力資源調查五年合併資料的工作類別資訊 37
     表3-7 次數分佈圖 39
     表3-8 聯合性分佈圖 39
     表3-9 條件性分佈圖 40
     表3-10 聯合性分佈圖 40
     表3-11 條件性分佈圖 41
     表4-1 人力資源調查五年合併資料各年度的工作層次相異指數數據 49
     表5-1 1980年與1990年普查的三分位和二分位職業代碼、以及工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）和工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的相異指數數據 54
     表5-2 1980年普查資料中不同規模的工作類別中之女性比例分佈 62
     表5-3 1990年普查資料中不同規模的工作類別中之女性比例分佈 62
     表5-4 1980年人力資源調查五年合併資料中不同規模的工作類別中之女性比例分佈 63
     表5-5 1990年人力資源調查五年合併資料中不同規模的工作類別中之女性比例分佈 63
     
     
     
     圖目次
     圖1-1 西元1965年至2004年台灣女性勞動參與率的長期趨勢 2
     圖1-2 西元1978年至2004年台灣女性勞動參與率的長期趨勢 3
     圖2-1 西元1890年至1986年美國女性勞動參與率的長期趨勢 13
     圖3-1 1978年至2002年人力資源調查的台灣女性勞動參與率長期趨勢 31
     圖3-2 1978年至2002年人力資源調查的台灣勞動市場女性比例長期趨勢 31
     圖4-1 1978年至2002年一分位和原始二分位的職業代碼、以及工作代碼組合的相異指數數據趨勢 43
     圖4-2 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的職業層次女性比例的長期趨勢 44
     圖4-3 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的長期趨勢 44
     圖4-4 西元1978年至2002年產業層次相異指數數據的長期趨勢 46
     圖4-5 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 47
     圖4-6 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 48
     圖4-7 西元1978年至2002年工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次女性比例的百分比分佈 50
     圖4-8 西元1978年至2002年工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 50
     圖5-1 1980年與1990年三分位和二分位的職業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 55
     圖5-2 1980年與1990年三分位和二分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 55
     圖5-3 1980年與1990年工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次女性比例的百分比分佈 57
     圖5-4 1980年與1990年工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 57
     圖5-5 1980年與1990年工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）工作層次女性比例的百分比分佈 58
     圖5-6 1980年與1990年工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）工作層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 58
     圖5-7 1980年普查資料中工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）的編碼誤差率分佈 60
     圖5-8 1990年普查資料中工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）的編碼誤差率分佈 60
     圖5-9 1980年與1990年普查資料中工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的編碼誤差率分佈 61
     圖5-10 1980年與1990年普查資料中工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的編碼誤差率分佈 61
     圖5-11 1980年普查與人力資源調查資料中工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的女性比例關聯性 64
     圖5-12 1990年普查與人力資源調查資料中工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的女性比例關聯性 64
     圖5-13 1980年與1990年工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）、以及工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次女性比例的百分比分佈 65
     圖5-14 1980年與1990年工作類別類型I（3X2 CODES）、以及工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 66
     圖6-1 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的長期趨勢 69
     圖6-2 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 69
     圖6-3 西元1978年至2002年工作類別類型II（2X2 CODES）的工作層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 70
     附圖1-1 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之一分位的職業層次女性比例的長期趨勢 81
     附圖1-2 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之一分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的長期趨勢 81
     附圖1-3 1978年至1992年原始二分位的職業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 82
     附圖1-4 1993年至2002年原始二分位的職業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 83
     附圖1-5 1978年至1992年原始二分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 83
     附圖1-6 1993年至2002年原始二分位的職業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 84
     附圖1-7 1978年至2002年完全隔離之原始二分位的職業的百分比分佈 85
     附圖2-1 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之一點五分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 86
     附圖2-2 西元1978年至2002年編碼後一致之一點五分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 86
     附圖2-3 西元1978年至1984年原始二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 87
     附圖2-4 西元1985年至1992年原始二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 88
     附圖2-5 西元1993年至1996年原始二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 88
     附圖2-6 西元1997年至2000年原始二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 89
     附圖2-7 西元2001年至2002年原始二分位的產業層次女性比例的百分比分佈 89
     附圖2-8 西元1978年至1984年原始二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 90
     附圖2-9 西元1985年至1992年原始二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 90
     附圖2-10 西元1993年至1996年原始二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分分佈 91
     附圖2-11 西元1997年至2000年原始二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 91
     附圖2-12 西元2001年至2002年原始二分位的產業層次標準化女性比例的百分比分佈 92		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0902540031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作層次性別隔離zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 邊際自由指標zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 標準化女性比例zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) job-level sex segregationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) margin-free indexen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Standardized Percent Womenen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣職場性別隔離的趨勢zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Trends of Sex Segregation in the Taiwanese Workplaceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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