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題名 預先訂價協議對移轉價格的影響-以會計分割法與公式分配法為例
作者 許羽欣
貢獻者 翁永和
許羽欣
關鍵詞 預先訂價協議
移轉訂價
日期 2005
上傳時間 14-Sep-2009 13:27:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文延續Nielsen, Raimondos-M□ller and Schjelderup (2003)一文所設立的兩國模型,來探討在會計分割法 (separate accounting)與公式化分配法 (formula apportionment)等兩種會計制度下,跨國企業與地主國政府使用單邊預先訂價協議時,對移轉價格之訂定與其所產生的效果。由結果得知,不論是採用哪種訂價方法,在預先訂價協議之下,所得到的移轉價格均會受到「談判力效果」、「稅負誘發效果」與「策略性效果」的影響,其中「談判力效果」是預先訂價協議模型的特色,當「談判力效果」為正值,代表提高移轉價格將使地主國的社會福利增加,反之當「談判力效果」為負值,則提高移轉價格將使地主國的社會福利下降。
      此外,跨國企業與地主國政府哪一方的談判力愈高,愈可以訂定對其有利的移轉價格。當地主國政府完全沒有談判能力時,跨國企業對於移轉價格有絕對的決定權,則利用預先訂價協議所決定的移轉價格會與Nielsen, Raimondos-M□ller and Schjelderup (2003)一文所得出的結論相同,亦即「談判力效果」為零。
      而在預先訂價協議的應用上,跨國企業方面,因為跨國企業藉由犧牲部分利潤,以換取稅負的穩定,所以其利潤在使用預先訂價協議時會比較小。而地主國政府只要擁有部分的談判力,其社會福利在使用預先訂價協議時會比較大。由此可知「預先訂價協議」是一種對雙方都有利的談判。
參考文獻 林妙雀 (1997), 「跨國企業內部移轉計價方法選擇之評述」, 《企銀季刊》, 21, 125-132。
張擎天與高儷華 (2004), 「預先訂價協議概論」, 《財稅研究》, 36, 1-11。
黃栖堂 (2004), 「關係企業非常規交易租稅問題之研究」, 《逢甲大學會計與財稅研究所碩士論文》, 41-48。
Baldenius, T., S. Reichelstein and S. A. Sahay (1999), “Negotiated versus Cost-based Transfer Pricing,” Review of Accounting Studies, 4, 67-91.
Bartelsman, E. J. and R. M. W. J. Beetsma (2003), “Why Pay More? Corporate Tax Avoidance through Transfer Pricing in OECD Countries,” Journal of Public Economics, 87, 2225-2252.
Baylis, F. (2000), “Advance Pricing Agreements-What Will They Offer?” European Taxation, 40, 229-234.
Bulow, J., J. Geanakopolos and P. Klemperer (1985), “Multimarket Oligopoly: Strategic Substitutes and Complements,” Journal of Political Economy, 93, 488-511.
Gordon, R. and J. D. Wilson (1986), “An Examination of Multijurisdictional Corporate Income Taxation under Formula Apportionment,” Econometrica, 54, 1357-1373.
Grubert, H. and J. Mutti (1991), “Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate Decision Making,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 73, 285-293.
Horngren, C., G. Foster and S. Datar (1994), Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, 8th Edition, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Itagaki, T. (1982), “Systems of Taxation of Multinational Firms under Exchange Risk,” Southern Economic Journal, 48, 708-723.
Kaplan, R. and A. Atkinson (1998), Advanced Management Accounting, 3rd Edition, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kant, C. (1988), “Endogenous Transfer Pricing and the Effects of Uncertain Regulation,” Journal of International Economics, 24, 145-157.
Moffett, M. H., A. I. Stonehill and D. K. Eiteman (2003), Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, Boston: Addison Wesley, 485-487.
Mogle, J. R. (1992), “Advance Pricing Agreements under Revenue Procedure 91-22,” Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, 45, 356-367.
Nash, J. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem,” Econometrica, 28, 155-162.
Nielsen, S. B., P. Raimondos-M□ller and G. Schjelderup (2003), “Formula Apportionment and Transfer Pricing under Oligopolistic Competition,” Journal of Public Economic Theory, 5, 419-436.
Schjelderup, G. and L. S□rgard (1997), “Transfer Pricing as a Strategic Device for Decentralized Multinationals,” International Tax and Public Finance, 4, 277-290.
Schjelderup, G. and A. J. Weichenrieder (1999), “Trade, Multinationals, and Transfer Pricing Regulations,” The Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 817-834.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1999), Transfer Pricing (New York and Geneva: United Nations), United Nations publications, 33-36.
Vaysman, I. (1996), “A Model of Cost-based Transfer Pricing,” Review of Accounting Studies, 1, 73-108.
Vaysman, I. (1998), “A Model of Negotiated Transfer Pricing,” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 25,349-384.
Wildasin, D. (2000), “State and Provincial Corporate Income Taxation: Current Practice and Policy Issues for the United States and Canada,” Canadian Tax Journal, 48, 424-441.
Wright, D. R. (2001), “Transfer Pricing in the United States: Recent Events and Expectations for the Future,” Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, 55, 417-426.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟研究所
93258010
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093258010
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 翁永和zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許羽欣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 許羽欣zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 14-Sep-2009 13:27:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 14-Sep-2009 13:27:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 14-Sep-2009 13:27:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093258010en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32226-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93258010zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文延續Nielsen, Raimondos-M□ller and Schjelderup (2003)一文所設立的兩國模型,來探討在會計分割法 (separate accounting)與公式化分配法 (formula apportionment)等兩種會計制度下,跨國企業與地主國政府使用單邊預先訂價協議時,對移轉價格之訂定與其所產生的效果。由結果得知,不論是採用哪種訂價方法,在預先訂價協議之下,所得到的移轉價格均會受到「談判力效果」、「稅負誘發效果」與「策略性效果」的影響,其中「談判力效果」是預先訂價協議模型的特色,當「談判力效果」為正值,代表提高移轉價格將使地主國的社會福利增加,反之當「談判力效果」為負值,則提高移轉價格將使地主國的社會福利下降。
      此外,跨國企業與地主國政府哪一方的談判力愈高,愈可以訂定對其有利的移轉價格。當地主國政府完全沒有談判能力時,跨國企業對於移轉價格有絕對的決定權,則利用預先訂價協議所決定的移轉價格會與Nielsen, Raimondos-M□ller and Schjelderup (2003)一文所得出的結論相同,亦即「談判力效果」為零。
      而在預先訂價協議的應用上,跨國企業方面,因為跨國企業藉由犧牲部分利潤,以換取稅負的穩定,所以其利潤在使用預先訂價協議時會比較小。而地主國政府只要擁有部分的談判力,其社會福利在使用預先訂價協議時會比較大。由此可知「預先訂價協議」是一種對雙方都有利的談判。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論1
     第一節 研究動機1
     第二節 研究方法與本文架構2
     
     第二章 移轉訂價4
     第一節 移轉訂價的方法4
     第二節 OECD的準則15
     第三節 預先訂價協議(advance pricing agreement; APA)22
     第三章 文獻回顧25
     
     第四章 預先訂價協議下的移轉價格28
     第一節 基本假設28
     第二節 會計分割法 (SA)33
     2.1 在SA下使用預先訂價協議模式33
     2.2 當地主國( 國)政府沒有談判能力時40
     2.3 比較41
     第三節 公式分配法 (FA)43
     3.1 在FA下使用預先訂價協議模式43
     3.2 當地主國(B國)政府沒有談判能力時46
     3.3 比較47
     第四節 經濟效果48
     
     第五章 結論50
     
     參考文獻53
     
     
     圖 表 目 錄
     
     圖4-1 模型架構32
     
     
     表2-1 各國政府所接受的移轉訂價法20
     表2-2 各國有詳盡移轉訂價法令的時間21
     表2-3 預計使用預先訂價協議的跨國企業比例24
     表4-1 移轉價格與邊際成本的關係39
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093258010en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 預先訂價協議zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 移轉訂價zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 預先訂價協議對移轉價格的影響-以會計分割法與公式分配法為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林妙雀 (1997), 「跨國企業內部移轉計價方法選擇之評述」, 《企銀季刊》, 21, 125-132。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張擎天與高儷華 (2004), 「預先訂價協議概論」, 《財稅研究》, 36, 1-11。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃栖堂 (2004), 「關係企業非常規交易租稅問題之研究」, 《逢甲大學會計與財稅研究所碩士論文》, 41-48。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baldenius, T., S. Reichelstein and S. A. Sahay (1999), “Negotiated versus Cost-based Transfer Pricing,” Review of Accounting Studies, 4, 67-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bartelsman, E. J. and R. M. W. J. Beetsma (2003), “Why Pay More? Corporate Tax Avoidance through Transfer Pricing in OECD Countries,” Journal of Public Economics, 87, 2225-2252.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baylis, F. (2000), “Advance Pricing Agreements-What Will They Offer?” European Taxation, 40, 229-234.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bulow, J., J. Geanakopolos and P. Klemperer (1985), “Multimarket Oligopoly: Strategic Substitutes and Complements,” Journal of Political Economy, 93, 488-511.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gordon, R. and J. D. Wilson (1986), “An Examination of Multijurisdictional Corporate Income Taxation under Formula Apportionment,” Econometrica, 54, 1357-1373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grubert, H. and J. Mutti (1991), “Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate Decision Making,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 73, 285-293.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Horngren, C., G. Foster and S. Datar (1994), Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, 8th Edition, NJ: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Itagaki, T. (1982), “Systems of Taxation of Multinational Firms under Exchange Risk,” Southern Economic Journal, 48, 708-723.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaplan, R. and A. Atkinson (1998), Advanced Management Accounting, 3rd Edition, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kant, C. (1988), “Endogenous Transfer Pricing and the Effects of Uncertain Regulation,” Journal of International Economics, 24, 145-157.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moffett, M. H., A. I. Stonehill and D. K. Eiteman (2003), Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, Boston: Addison Wesley, 485-487.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mogle, J. R. (1992), “Advance Pricing Agreements under Revenue Procedure 91-22,” Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, 45, 356-367.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nash, J. (1950), “The Bargaining Problem,” Econometrica, 28, 155-162.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nielsen, S. B., P. Raimondos-M□ller and G. Schjelderup (2003), “Formula Apportionment and Transfer Pricing under Oligopolistic Competition,” Journal of Public Economic Theory, 5, 419-436.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schjelderup, G. and L. S□rgard (1997), “Transfer Pricing as a Strategic Device for Decentralized Multinationals,” International Tax and Public Finance, 4, 277-290.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schjelderup, G. and A. J. Weichenrieder (1999), “Trade, Multinationals, and Transfer Pricing Regulations,” The Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 817-834.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (1999), Transfer Pricing (New York and Geneva: United Nations), United Nations publications, 33-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vaysman, I. (1996), “A Model of Cost-based Transfer Pricing,” Review of Accounting Studies, 1, 73-108.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vaysman, I. (1998), “A Model of Negotiated Transfer Pricing,” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 25,349-384.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wildasin, D. (2000), “State and Provincial Corporate Income Taxation: Current Practice and Policy Issues for the United States and Canada,” Canadian Tax Journal, 48, 424-441.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wright, D. R. (2001), “Transfer Pricing in the United States: Recent Events and Expectations for the Future,” Bulletin for International Fiscal Documentation, 55, 417-426.zh_TW