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題名 兒童能力概念的發展
作者 翁嘉英
WENG, CHIA-YING
貢獻者 林美珍
LIN,MEI-JEN
翁嘉英
WENG, CHIA-YING
關鍵詞 兒童
能力概念
努力
聰明
children
concepts of ability
effort
smart
日期 2005
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 13:23:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 兒童的能力概念影響其面對失敗時的歸因模式、進而影響其成就目標與學習動機。目前對兒童能力概念發展的研究,對象多以美國地區的兒童為主,極少針對台灣地區的兒童研究其能力概念的發展,因此本研究以台灣地區的兒童為對象,了解在台灣的文化環境下兒童能力概念發展之情形。

本研究的受試者為8歲、10歲、12歲的小學生共84人,以結構式訪談的方式,分別針對能力的定義、能力的改變性、以及能力與努力的關係等方面,了解兒童的能力概念發展情形。研究結果發現:在「能力的定義」、「能力是否隨環境而改變」、「能力是否受自身努力而改變」、「變聰明的方法」、「能力與努力的關係」等方面,受試者的回答呈現出年齡發展趨勢。研究者對研究結果加以討論,並提出研究限制及未來研究方向建議。
參考文獻 一、 中文參考文獻
張春興(1996)。教育心理學:三化取向的理論與實踐。台北市:東華書局。
二、 英文參考文獻
Bempechat, J., London, P., & Dweck, C. S. (1991). Children`s conceptions of ability in major domains: an interview and experimental study. Child Study Journal, 21(1).
Cain, K. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1995). The relation between motivational patterns and achievement cognitions through the elementary school years. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 25-52.
Droege, K. L., & Stipek, D. J. (1993). Children`s use of dispositions to predict classmates` behavior. Developmental Psychology, 29, 646-654.
Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1040-1048.
Dweck, C. S., & Elliott, E. S. (1984). Achievement motivation. In E. M. Helheringtion (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 643-691). New York: Wiley.
Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (1999, April). What does it mean to be smart? An interview study on children`s beliefs about intelligence. Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for research in Child Development, Albuquerque, NM.
Keil, F. C. (1989). Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Keil, F. C. (1994). The birth and nurturance of concepts by domains: The origins of concepts of living things. In S. A. Gelman (Ed.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kinlaw, C. R., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2003). The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence. Development Review, 23(2), 125-161.
Kurtz-Costes, B., McCall, R. J., Kinlaw, C. R., Wiesen, C. A., & Joyner, M. H. (2005). What does it mean to be smart? The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence in Germany and the United States. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 217-233.
Little, T. D., & Lopez, D. F. (1997). Regularities in the development of children`s causality beliefs about school performance across six sociocultural contexts. Developmental Psychology, 33, 165-175.
Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800-814.
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nicholls, J. G., & Miller, A. T. (1984). Reasoning about the ability of self and others: A developmental study. Child Development, 55, 1990-1999.
Nicholls, J. G., Patashnick, M., & Mettetal, G. (1986). Conceptions of ability and intelligence. Child Development, 57, 636-645.
Pomerantz, E. M., & Ruble, D. N. (1997). Distinguishing multiple dimensions of conceptions of ability: implications for self-evaluation. Child Development, 68(6), 1165-1180.
Pomerantz, E. M., & Saxon, J. L. (2001). Conceptions of ability as stable and self-evaluative process: a longitudinal examination. Child Development, 72(1), 152-173.
Rholes, W. S., Newman, L. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1990). Understanding self and other: Developmental and motivational aspects of perceiving persons in terms of invariant dispositions. In R. M. Sorrentino (Ed.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 369-407). New York: Guilford Press.
Rholes, W. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1984). Children`s understanding of dispositional characteristics of others. Child Development, 55, 550-560.
Siegler, R. S., & Alibali, M. (2005). Children`s thinking (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Stevenson, H. W., & Lee, S. (1990). Contexts of achievement: A study of American, Chinese, and Japanese children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 55(1-2, Serial No. 221).
Stipek, D. J. (1981). Children`s perceptions of their own and their classmates` ability. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(3), 404-410.
Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A consequence of changes in the child or in the educational environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 352-356.
Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1990). Children`s use of dispositional attributions in predicting the performance and behavior of classmates. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 11, 13-28.
Stipek, D. J., & Iver, D. M. (1989). Development change in children`s assessment of intellectual competence. Child Development, 60, 521-538.
Stipek, D. J., & Tannatt, L. M. (1984). Children`s judgements of their own and their peers` academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 75-84.
Weiner, B. (1972). Theories of motivation. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Weiner, B. (1974). Cognitive views of human motivation. New York: Academic Press.
Yussen, S. R., & Kane, P. T. (1985). Children`s conceptions of intelligence. In S. R. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection in children (pp. 207-241). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
92752021
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0927520211
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林美珍zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor LIN,MEI-JENen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 翁嘉英zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) WENG, CHIA-YINGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 翁嘉英zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) WENG, CHIA-YINGen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 13:23:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 13:23:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 13:23:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0927520211en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32549-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92752021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 兒童的能力概念影響其面對失敗時的歸因模式、進而影響其成就目標與學習動機。目前對兒童能力概念發展的研究,對象多以美國地區的兒童為主,極少針對台灣地區的兒童研究其能力概念的發展,因此本研究以台灣地區的兒童為對象,了解在台灣的文化環境下兒童能力概念發展之情形。

本研究的受試者為8歲、10歲、12歲的小學生共84人,以結構式訪談的方式,分別針對能力的定義、能力的改變性、以及能力與努力的關係等方面,了解兒童的能力概念發展情形。研究結果發現:在「能力的定義」、「能力是否隨環境而改變」、「能力是否受自身努力而改變」、「變聰明的方法」、「能力與努力的關係」等方面,受試者的回答呈現出年齡發展趨勢。研究者對研究結果加以討論,並提出研究限制及未來研究方向建議。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與目的
一、 研究動機
二、 研究目的
第二節 名詞釋義

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 能力是什麼
一、 能力的定義
二、 如何區分與判斷能力
第二節 能力的穩定性概念
一、 不變性:能力不受外在力量影響而改變
二、 不可控制性:能力不受內在力量影響而改變
三、 能力與努力的關係
第三節 文化差異

第三章 研究方法
一、 受試者
二、 研究程序
三、 資料分析

第四章 研究結果
一、 能力的定義
二、 能力是否會改變
三、 能力與努力的關係

第五章 綜合討論與建議
一、 主要結果與討論
二、 研究限制與未來研究方向建議

參考文獻
一、 中文參考文獻
二、 英文參考文獻

附錄一:預試用問卷內容
附錄二:正式問卷內容
附錄三:答案表
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0927520211en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 兒童zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 能力概念zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 努力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聰明zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) childrenen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) concepts of abilityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) efforten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) smarten_US
dc.title (題名) 兒童能力概念的發展zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文參考文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張春興(1996)。教育心理學:三化取向的理論與實踐。台北市:東華書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 英文參考文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bempechat, J., London, P., & Dweck, C. S. (1991). Children`s conceptions of ability in major domains: an interview and experimental study. Child Study Journal, 21(1).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cain, K. M., & Dweck, C. S. (1995). The relation between motivational patterns and achievement cognitions through the elementary school years. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 25-52.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Droege, K. L., & Stipek, D. J. (1993). Children`s use of dispositions to predict classmates` behavior. Developmental Psychology, 29, 646-654.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1040-1048.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dweck, C. S., & Elliott, E. S. (1984). Achievement motivation. In E. M. Helheringtion (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 643-691). New York: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henderlong, J., & Lepper, M. R. (1999, April). What does it mean to be smart? An interview study on children`s beliefs about intelligence. Poster session presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for research in Child Development, Albuquerque, NM.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keil, F. C. (1989). Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keil, F. C. (1994). The birth and nurturance of concepts by domains: The origins of concepts of living things. In S. A. Gelman (Ed.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kinlaw, C. R., & Kurtz-Costes, B. (2003). The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence. Development Review, 23(2), 125-161.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kurtz-Costes, B., McCall, R. J., Kinlaw, C. R., Wiesen, C. A., & Joyner, M. H. (2005). What does it mean to be smart? The development of children`s beliefs about intelligence in Germany and the United States. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(2), 217-233.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Little, T. D., & Lopez, D. F. (1997). Regularities in the development of children`s causality beliefs about school performance across six sociocultural contexts. Developmental Psychology, 33, 165-175.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholls, J. G. (1978). The development of the concepts of effort and ability, perception of academic attainment, and the understanding that difficult tasks require more ability. Child Development, 49, 800-814.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholls, J. G., & Miller, A. T. (1984). Reasoning about the ability of self and others: A developmental study. Child Development, 55, 1990-1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nicholls, J. G., Patashnick, M., & Mettetal, G. (1986). Conceptions of ability and intelligence. Child Development, 57, 636-645.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pomerantz, E. M., & Ruble, D. N. (1997). Distinguishing multiple dimensions of conceptions of ability: implications for self-evaluation. Child Development, 68(6), 1165-1180.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pomerantz, E. M., & Saxon, J. L. (2001). Conceptions of ability as stable and self-evaluative process: a longitudinal examination. Child Development, 72(1), 152-173.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rholes, W. S., Newman, L. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1990). Understanding self and other: Developmental and motivational aspects of perceiving persons in terms of invariant dispositions. In R. M. Sorrentino (Ed.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 369-407). New York: Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rholes, W. S., & Ruble, D. N. (1984). Children`s understanding of dispositional characteristics of others. Child Development, 55, 550-560.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Siegler, R. S., & Alibali, M. (2005). Children`s thinking (4th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stevenson, H. W., & Lee, S. (1990). Contexts of achievement: A study of American, Chinese, and Japanese children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 55(1-2, Serial No. 221).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stipek, D. J. (1981). Children`s perceptions of their own and their classmates` ability. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73(3), 404-410.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1988). Declining perceptions of competence: A consequence of changes in the child or in the educational environment? Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 352-356.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stipek, D. J., & Daniels, D. H. (1990). Children`s use of dispositional attributions in predicting the performance and behavior of classmates. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 11, 13-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stipek, D. J., & Iver, D. M. (1989). Development change in children`s assessment of intellectual competence. Child Development, 60, 521-538.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stipek, D. J., & Tannatt, L. M. (1984). Children`s judgements of their own and their peers` academic competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(1), 75-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiner, B. (1972). Theories of motivation. Chicago: Rand McNally.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiner, B. (1974). Cognitive views of human motivation. New York: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yussen, S. R., & Kane, P. T. (1985). Children`s conceptions of intelligence. In S. R. Yussen (Ed.), The growth of reflection in children (pp. 207-241). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.zh_TW