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題名 預算法全IP核心網路品質管理中可彌補預測誤差的資源配置方法
Forecasting Error Tolerable Resource Allocation in Budget-Based QoS Management for All-IP Core Network
作者 陳逸民
Yi-Min Chen
貢獻者 連耀南
Yao-Nan Lien
陳逸民
Yi-Min Chen
關鍵詞 需求預測
資源配置
Budget-Based QoS
Forecasting
Resource Allocation
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 13:51:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 網際網路的蓬勃發展造就了近年來通訊網路的重大改革，將原有circuit switching與packet switch網路整合成一個單一的All-IP網路已成趨勢，除了降低網路建置、維護與營運管理成本外，還提供一新的服務平台來支援所有的應用服務。新的網路造就新的應用服務，也產生了更形複雜的服務品質問題，針對這個問題，本研究團隊提出的Budget-Based QoS以分散預算的方式，採事先規劃、分散式的方法，簡化管理、追求效率與不增加管理複雜度為原則，提供端對端的網路服務品質保證。此架構下，核心網路的資源配置是由Bandwidth Broker (BB)統籌分配整個網域的資源，資源配置採以批發零售的方式，每個Ingress Router根據需求預測向BB預先批購資源，BB再依此配置資源給各個Ingress Router。為了彌補預測誤差所造成的資源浪費，本研究提出了數種資源配置的方式試圖提升網路資源的使用率，其中中央保留資源法以中央統籌的方式，即時的配置事先保留的資源給有需要的Ingress Router；超額分配法則以類似航空公司訂位的方式，大膽地超額配置資源給各個Ingress Router試圖增加資源使用率。文章的最後以簡單的模擬與實驗數據來說明上述兩種資源配置法彌補預測誤差的效能，並提供網域的經營者參考，方便在不同的環境下對於不同的資源配置法做出選擇。
Because of great progress of communication and computer technology, aggressive deployment of broadband fiber optical network, advance of Internet technology, and the global standardization of IP technology, the telecommunication industry is moving toward a converged network, which uses a single global IP based packet-switching network to carry all types of network traffics. In these types of network traffics, different traffic types require corresponding service to ensure end- to-end quality. For carrying all types of network traffics on All-IP network, BBQ (Budget-Based QoS) research group propose a QoS system architecture to provide end-to-end QoS guarantee. In this thesis, basing on BBQ QoS system, we propose resource pre-planning mechanism to management core network. According to demand forecast from historical data and considering pre-planning cost, pre-planning mechanism will find optimal policy to reduce management cost. In order to compensate the potential resource waste due to forecasting error, several resource allocation approach are proposed. Central Pool approach reserves resource in central pool and allocates it to those Ingress Routers who need. Overbook approach is similar to overbooking in airline booking system. It over-commits resource to Ingress Routers to improve resource utilization. In the end of this thesis, we simulate the two resource allocation approach and evaluate the performance through experiments under different circumstances. According to those evaluation, system provider can easily choose the proper allocation approach in different environments.
參考文獻 Reference
[1] Xiao, X., L. -M. Ni, "Internet QoS: A Big Picture", IEEE Network, 13(2):8-18, March-April 1999.
[2] Miras, D., "Network QoS Needs of Advanced Internet Applications", Internet2 - QoS Working Group, November 2002.
[3] Pascal Lorenz, "Quality of service and new architectures for future telecommunications networks", MILCOM 2000 - IEEE Military Communications Conference, no. 1, October 2000 pp. 695-698.
[4] D. Goderis, S. Van den Bosch, Y. T`Joens, P. Georgatsos, D. Griffin, G. Pavlou, P. Trimintzios, G. Memenios, E. Mykoniati, C. Jacquenet, "A service-centric IP quality of service architecture for next generation networks", NOMS 2002 - IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, no. 1, April 2002 pp. 139-154
[5] Mahbubul Alam, Ramjee Prasad, John R. Farserotu, "Quality of service among IP-based heterogeneous networks", IEEE Personal Communications, no. 6, December 2001 pp. 18-24
[6] Vijay K. Garg, Oliver T. W. Yu, "Integrated QoS support in 3G UMTS networks", WCNC 2000 - IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, no. 1, September 2000 pp. 1187-1192
[7] E. Crawley, Editor, L. Berger, S. Berson, "A Framework for Integrated Services and RSVP over ATM", RFC 2382, August 1998.
[8] D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Davies, Z. Wang, "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, December 1998.
[9] Heinanen, J., F. Baker, W. Weiss, and J. Wroclawski, "Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, June 1999.
[10] Jacobson, V., K. Nichols, K. Poduri, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB", RFC 2598, June 1999.C. Hedrick, ""Routing Information Protocol``, RFC 1058, June 1988.
[11] Clark, D., W. Fang, Explicit Allocation of Best Effort packet Delivery Service, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 6(4):364-373, August 1998.
[12] P. Trimintzios et al., "A Management and Control Architecture for Providing IP Differentiated Services in MPLS-Based Networks", IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 39, no. 5, May 2001, pp. 80-88.
[13] P. Trimintzios et al., "A Policy-Based Quality of Service Management System for IP DiffServ Networks," IEEE Network., vol. 16, no. 2, Mar 2002, pp. 50-56.
[14] Eleni Mykoniati et al., "Admission Control for Providing QoS in DiffServ IP Networks: The TEQUILA Approach," IEEE Commun. Mag. Jan 2003, pp. 38-44.
[15] Spiridon Bakiras and Victor O.K. Li, "Efficient Resource Management for End-to-End QoS Guarantees in DiffServ Networks", IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2002.
[16] Douglas S.Reeves and Hussein F. Salama, ""A Distributed Algorithm for Delay-Constrained Unicast Routing``, IEEE Transaction on Network, April 2000.
[17] R. Braden, L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog and S. Jamin, ""Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) – Version 1 Functional Specification``, RFC 2205, September 1997.
[18] K. Chan, R. Sahita, S. Hahn and K. McCloghrie, ""Differentiated Services Quality of Service Policy Information Base ``, RFC 3317, March 2003.
[19] Bill Goodman, ""Internet Telephony and Modem Delay``, IEEE Network, May 1999, pp. 8-16.
[20] J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves and J. Behrens, ""Distributed scalable routing based on vectors of link states``, IEEE J. Select on Communication, October 1995.
[21] Jon Postel, ""Internet Protocol``, RFC 791, September 1981.
[22] Mark A. Sportack, ""IP Routing Fundamentals``, Cisco ISBN: I-57870-071-x, May 1999.
[23] R. Wideyono, ""The Design and Evaluation of Routing Algorithms for Real-Time Channels``, International Computer Science Institute, Univ. of California at Berkeley, Tech Rep. ISCI TR-94-024, June 1994.
[24] S. Rampal and D. Reeves, ""An evaluation of routing and admission control algorithms for multimedia traffic``, Proc. of the 5th IFIP Conf. on High Performance Networks, October 1995.
[25] S. Lavenberg, ""Mean Value Analysis of Closed Multichain Queuing Networks``, Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 27, no. 2, April 1980, pp. 313-322.
[26] Z. Wang and J. Crowcroft, ""Quality of Service Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications``, IEEE Select on Communication, September 1996.
[27] Walter Weiss, ""QoS with Differentiated Services``, Bell Labs Technical Journal, October – December 1998.
[28] Nicolas Christin and Jörg Liebeherr, "" A QoS Architecture for Quantitative Service Differentiation ``, IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2003
[29] 吳柏林與陸行, 國立政治大學應數系, ""航空機位超額預售與收益經營策略``, 研究中。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
89753002
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089753002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 連耀南zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yao-Nan Lienen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳逸民zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yi-Min Chenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳逸民zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yi-Min Chenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 13:51:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 13:51:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 13:51:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0089753002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32614-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89753002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 網際網路的蓬勃發展造就了近年來通訊網路的重大改革，將原有circuit switching與packet switch網路整合成一個單一的All-IP網路已成趨勢，除了降低網路建置、維護與營運管理成本外，還提供一新的服務平台來支援所有的應用服務。新的網路造就新的應用服務，也產生了更形複雜的服務品質問題，針對這個問題，本研究團隊提出的Budget-Based QoS以分散預算的方式，採事先規劃、分散式的方法，簡化管理、追求效率與不增加管理複雜度為原則，提供端對端的網路服務品質保證。此架構下，核心網路的資源配置是由Bandwidth Broker (BB)統籌分配整個網域的資源，資源配置採以批發零售的方式，每個Ingress Router根據需求預測向BB預先批購資源，BB再依此配置資源給各個Ingress Router。為了彌補預測誤差所造成的資源浪費，本研究提出了數種資源配置的方式試圖提升網路資源的使用率，其中中央保留資源法以中央統籌的方式，即時的配置事先保留的資源給有需要的Ingress Router；超額分配法則以類似航空公司訂位的方式，大膽地超額配置資源給各個Ingress Router試圖增加資源使用率。文章的最後以簡單的模擬與實驗數據來說明上述兩種資源配置法彌補預測誤差的效能，並提供網域的經營者參考，方便在不同的環境下對於不同的資源配置法做出選擇。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Because of great progress of communication and computer technology, aggressive deployment of broadband fiber optical network, advance of Internet technology, and the global standardization of IP technology, the telecommunication industry is moving toward a converged network, which uses a single global IP based packet-switching network to carry all types of network traffics. In these types of network traffics, different traffic types require corresponding service to ensure end- to-end quality. For carrying all types of network traffics on All-IP network, BBQ (Budget-Based QoS) research group propose a QoS system architecture to provide end-to-end QoS guarantee. In this thesis, basing on BBQ QoS system, we propose resource pre-planning mechanism to management core network. According to demand forecast from historical data and considering pre-planning cost, pre-planning mechanism will find optimal policy to reduce management cost. In order to compensate the potential resource waste due to forecasting error, several resource allocation approach are proposed. Central Pool approach reserves resource in central pool and allocates it to those Ingress Routers who need. Overbook approach is similar to overbooking in airline booking system. It over-commits resource to Ingress Routers to improve resource utilization. In the end of this thesis, we simulate the two resource allocation approach and evaluate the performance through experiments under different circumstances. According to those evaluation, system provider can easily choose the proper allocation approach in different environments.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
摘要 2
第一章 簡介 1
1.1 電信產業的趨勢 2
1.1.1 整合型網路－All-IP網路 3
1.1.2 封包網路上承載具時效性應用問題 4
1.2 服務品質保證定義 5
1.2.1 分歧的品質保證期望 5
1.3 All-IP網路之服務品質保證 6
1.4 UMTS服務類別 7
1.5 核心網路QoS管理方法 9
1.5.1 Integrated Service 9
1.5.2 Differentiated Service 9
1.6 研究動機及目的 10
1.7 解決方案 11
1.8 論文組織結構 11
第二章 相關研究 13
2.1 QoS管理架構 13
2.1.1 Integrated Service 13
2.1.2 Differentiated Service 14
2.1.3 TEQUILA 17
2.1.4 Victor O.K. Li`s System 19
2.2 評論 20
第三章 以預算為基礎之服務品質保證 22
3.1 BBQ架構 22
3.1.1 簡化的All-IP網路架構 23
3.1.2 以預算為基礎之管理 24
3.1.3 路徑定義 25
3.1.4 承載服務架構 26
3.1.5 服務品質熵數 27
3.1.6 即時資源分配與預先資源管理 29
3.1.7 集中式與分散式資源配置 29
3.1.8 需求預測 31
3.2 BBQ管理系統架構 32
3.2.1 BBQ管理系統假設 32
3.2.2 分散式分層管理系統 32
3.2.3 管理系統軟體架構 33
3.2.4 簡化的端對端服務品質建立流程 35
3.3 BBQ中的核心網路架構與QoS元件 35
3.3.1 核心網路資源規劃方法 37
3.3.2 核心網路內的資源規劃元件 38
3.3.3 分散式資源規劃運作流程 40
3.4 彌補預測誤差的資源配置方法 42
3.4.1 資源重分配法(Resource Reallocation Approach) 42
3.4.2 中央保留資源法(Central Pool Approach) 43
3.4.3 超額分配法(Overbook Approach) 44
3.4.4 混合分配法(Hybrid Approach) 44
3.4.4.1 中央保留資源法搭配資源重分配法 44
3.4.4.2 超額分配法搭配資源重分配法 45
3.5 總結 45
第四章 彌補預測誤差的資源配置方法與最佳化模型 47
4.1 中央保留資源法 47
4.1.1 資源配置量與使用分析 49
4.1.2 最佳化模型 50
4.2 超額分配法 53
4.2.1 資源配置與需求資源分佈分析 55
4.2.2 最佳化模型 59
4.3 資源配置法分析比較 64
第五章 效能評析 65
5.1 評估指標 65
5.2 模擬環境 66
5.2.1 Network Simulator 2 66
5.2.2 訊務產生 66
5.2.3 網路拓樸設計 66
5.3 實驗設計 67
5.3.1 Traffic Generating Function 67
5.3.2 資源配置法實驗對照組 67
5.3.3 實驗模擬流程 68
5.3.4 實驗 70
5.4 實驗結果 71
5.4.1 實驗一：中央保留法對資源保留比例的敏感度測試 71
5.4.2 實驗二：超載分配法對資源超額分配比例的敏感度測試 74
5.4.3 實驗三：不同資源配置法對訊務分佈變異數的敏感度測試 78
5.5 評論、配置法分析與建議 79
第六章 結論與未來展望 81
Acknowledgement 83
Reference 83

圖目錄
圖1. 1：各UMTS服務類別對三大品質指標之容忍度 8
圖2. 1：DiffServ Domain & Non-DiffServ Domain 15
圖2. 2：TEQUILA架構 18
圖2. 3：以DiffServ為基礎的分散式資源管理架構 19
圖3. 1：簡化的全IP網路架構 24
圖3. 2：端對端承載服務 27
圖3. 3：服務品質熵數與品質參數對應 28
圖3. 4：BBQ管理系統軟體元件架構 34
圖3. 5：簡化的端對端服務品質建立流程 35
圖3. 6：BBQ架構之核心網路 37
圖3. 7：核心網路管理架構 40
圖3. 8：核心網路資源分配流程 41
圖4. 1：單一Ingress Router資源保留與配置範例 47
圖4. 2：頻寬需求、頻寬配置與實際訊務示意圖 48
圖4. 3：中央保留資源法的資源保留與配置 49
圖4. 5：資源需求機率分佈、資源配置量與資源價格關係圖 52
圖4. 6：超額配置範例 53
圖4. 7：沒有使用超額分配法的資源使用情況 54
圖4. 8：使用超額分配法的資源使用情況 55
圖4. 9：超額分配與訊務遺失 56
圖4. 10：超額分配與系統獲利 56
圖4. 11：單一Ingress Router需求資源機率分佈圖 57
圖4. 12：單一Ingress Router受到資源配置量的需求資源機率分佈圖 58
圖4. 13：需求資源總合機率分佈圖 58
圖4. 14：受到資源配置總量限制之資源需求總合機率分佈圖 59
圖4. 15：超過最大訊務量(τ)的機率總合 60
圖4. 16：需求資源為最大訊務量(τ)之機率 60
圖4. 17：獲利與品質惡化損失趨勢示意圖 61
圖4. 18：超額配置獲利 61
圖4. 19：超額配置賠償 62
圖4. 20：最佳超額配置量 63
圖5. 1：實驗網路拓樸 67
圖5. 2：實驗流程 69
圖5. 3：中央保留資源法實驗拓樸 70
圖5. 4：不同資源保留比例對訊務允入率的影響 72
圖5. 5：不同資源保留比例與實驗對照組比較對訊務允入率差值的影響 72
圖5. 6：每增加10%保留資源對訊務允入率差值影響 73
圖5. 7：中央保留資源法獲利趨勢 74
圖5. 8：中央保留資源法增加獲利趨勢 74
圖5. 9：不同超額配置比例對訊務允入率的影響 75
圖5. 10：不同超額配置比例與實驗對照組比較對訊務允入率差值的影響 76
圖5. 11：每增加10%超額配置對訊務允入率差值影響 76
圖5. 12：超額分配法獲利趨勢 77
圖5. 13：超額分配法增加獲利趨勢 78
圖5. 14：不同變異數對訊務允入率的影響 79

表目錄
表1. 1：各種新興的網路技術 2
表1. 2：傳統電信網路，網路網路和整合型網路特性比較表 3
表1. 3：Circuit-Switching 與 Packet-Switching網路特性比較 5
表1. 4：UMTS品質分類與各項特性 8
表1. 5：UMTS QoS與 DiffServ QoS間之服務對應 8
表2. 1：各種PHB的服務範例 16
表3. 1：分層之路徑定義 26
表3. 2：BBQ管理系統層級分工 33
表4. 1：中央保留資源法符號表 51
表4. 2：超額分配法符號表 59
表5. 1：：實驗目標表 70		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089753002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 需求預測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源配置zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Budget-Based QoSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Forecastingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Resource Allocationen_US
dc.title (題名) 預算法全IP核心網路品質管理中可彌補預測誤差的資源配置方法zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Forecasting Error Tolerable Resource Allocation in Budget-Based QoS Management for All-IP Core Networken_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Referencezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Xiao, X., L. -M. Ni, "Internet QoS: A Big Picture", IEEE Network, 13(2):8-18, March-April 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [2] Miras, D., "Network QoS Needs of Advanced Internet Applications", Internet2 - QoS Working Group, November 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [3] Pascal Lorenz, "Quality of service and new architectures for future telecommunications networks", MILCOM 2000 - IEEE Military Communications Conference, no. 1, October 2000 pp. 695-698.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [4] D. Goderis, S. Van den Bosch, Y. T`Joens, P. Georgatsos, D. Griffin, G. Pavlou, P. Trimintzios, G. Memenios, E. Mykoniati, C. Jacquenet, "A service-centric IP quality of service architecture for next generation networks", NOMS 2002 - IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, no. 1, April 2002 pp. 139-154zh_TW
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