學術產出-Theses

題名 戴眼鏡對人臉辨識系統之影響
作者 鄒博岱
Tsou , Po-Tai
貢獻者 廖文宏
Liao , Wen-Hung
鄒博岱
Tsou , Po-Tai
關鍵詞 眼鏡
人臉特徵
影像處理
霍夫轉換
人臉辨識
圖型辨識
glasses
eyeglasses
facial feature
image processing
Hough transform
face recognition
pattern recognition
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 13:53:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究嘗試不全以負面假設來看待配戴眼鏡對人臉辨識的影響。吾人將以邊緣偵測圖為基礎,以邊點強度的分析來建立一套定位眼鏡的偵測系統。同時用偵測出的鏡框位置,以邊緣點的強度、密度比較的方式,定位眼睛的位置;並以前述兩套偵測演算,採擷其過程的資訊,進一步地定位鼻子與嘴巴的位置。這些演算形成一個簡易的人臉特徵定位系統,其將可處理配戴眼鏡的人臉;吾人也將進一步地經由其處理過程與結果,分析眼鏡對區域人臉辨識的影響,進而引導出非自然物件可能對人臉辨識的阻礙或輔助。

論文也將以全域比對法中的PCA與ICA演算法作一連串的實驗,剖析眼鏡對於全域辨識的影響;此外,亦用相同的方法來測試非自然物(眼鏡)、光源亮度與人臉角度對於人臉辨識阻礙的程度,以探究是否系統值得花費更大的代價,來移除眼鏡這個被一致認定的人臉辨識障礙,並得以在辨識演算法上獲得更高的效能。
The objective of this thesis is to investigate the efficacy of face recognition systems when the subjects are wearing glasses. We do not presume that non-facial features such as glasses are nuisances. Instead, we will study whether the inclusion of glasses will have a positive impact on the face detection procedure and how it affects the feature extraction process. We will demonstrate how to use techniques based on local feature analysis to reduce the uncertainties in the matching result due to interferences around the eyes and nose caused by optical glasses.

We have also conducted extensive experiments to analyze the effect of glasses on face recognition systems based on global matching strategy. Specifically, we perform both principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) on face databases with different percentage of subjects wearing eye glasses. It is concluded that external objects such as glasses will have a negative impact on face recognition using global analysis approaches. However, the adverse influences of illumination and pose are more conspicuous during the recognition process. Therefore, one should take caution when attempting to adapt the global matching scheme to handle the difficulties caused by glasses.
參考文獻 【1】 J. Ashbourn, “Biometrics: Advanced Identity Verification”, Springler, 2000
【2】 International Biometric Group:http://www.biometricgroup.com/
【3】 中央健康保險局,「認識健保IC卡」, http://www.nhi.gov.tw/IC_Card/knowIC/knowIC1.htm
【4】 王新雨,「電簽法通過 身份辨識成潛力產業」,CNET新聞專區,2002. 2. 18 http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/software/0,2000064574,20032201,00.htm
【5】 GV-Series Digital video surveillance system by GeoVision Inc., http://www.geovision.com.tw/002/en/product-1.asp
【6】 周天(等著),「網路法律高手」, 書泉出版社, 2002.4
【7】 A. K. Jain, S. Pankanti, S. Prabhakar, and A. Ross, “Recent Advances in Fingerprint Verification”, AVBPA 2001, pp.182-191, 2001
【8】 L. Coetzee and E. C. Botha., “Fingerprint Recognition in Low Quality Images”, Pattern Recognition, 26(10), pp. 1441-1460, 1993
【9】 ETtoday.com資料,「「軟硬」不必同一家 指紋辨識新趨勢」,http://www.ettoday.com/2002/06/06/91-1311979.htm
【10】 潘怡靜,「尋找恐怖分子衍生商機 股價逆勢飆漲 臉部辨識系統 躍為顯學」,數位週刊57期e-FOCUS專欄,2001. 10
【11】 findBIOMETRICS.com by TopickZ Inc., http://www.findbiometrics.com/
【12】 ETtoday.com資料,「機場安檢全球首例 使用虹膜感應系統」,http://www.ettoday.com/2001/10/25/91-1212763.htm
【13】 H. Schneiderman, T. Kanade, “Object Detection Using the Statistics of Parts”, International Journal of Computer Vision, 2002
【14】 Center for Biological and Computational Learning by MIT, http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/
【15】 Face Detection Home Page by Robert W. Frischholz, http://home.t-online.de/home/Robert.Frischholz/face.htm
【16】 M. Yang, N. Ahuja, and D. Kriegman, “Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey”, IEEE Transactions on PAMI, vol. 24, no. 1, Jan. 2002
【17】 自由時報電子新聞網資料:http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2002/new/nov/6/today-m1.htm#m03
【18】 衛生署保健處資料:http://www.doh.gov.tw/org2/b1/b1_3_3.html
【19】 衛生署國家健康局, 「民國九十年國民健康訪問調查」, http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/
【20】 R. O. Duda , P. E. Hart and D. G. Stork, Pattern Recognition, Wiley-Interscience, 2000
【21】 黃國源,「類神經網路與圖型識別」,維科,2003.3
【22】 W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, and P.J. Phillips. “Face recognition: A literature survey”, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 35 , issue 4, pp. 399 - 458, Dec. 2003
【23】 W. A. Barrett, “A survey of face recognition algorithms and testing results”, Conference Record of the Thirty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, vol. 1, pp. 301-305, 1998
【24】 L. Sirovich and M. Kirby, “Low-dimensional procedure for the characterization for the characterization of human faces”, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 519-524, Mar. 1987
【25】 N. Vaswani, “A Linear Classifier for Gaussian Class Conditional Distributions with Unequal Covariance Matrices”, ICPR, 2002
【26】 M. Bartlett, Javier R. Movellan and T. J. Sejnowski, “Face Recognition by Independent Component Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 13, no.6, Nov. 2002
【27】 P. Campadelli, R. Lanzarotti, and C. Savazzi, “Feature-Based Face Recognition System”, ICIAP `03, Sep. 2003
【28】 S. Zhou and R. Chellappa. “Image-based face recognition under illumination and pose variations”. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, 2004
【29】 M. Kirby and L. Sirovich, “Application of the karhunen-loève procedure for the characterization of human faces”, IEEE Trans. On PAMI, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 103-108, 1987
【30】 G. W. Cottrell and M. Fleming, “Face Recognition Using Unsupervised Feature Extraction”, Proc. International Neural Network Conf. in Paris, France, vol. 1, pp. 322-325, Jul. 1990
【31】 J. Huang, X. Shao, and H. Wechsler, “Face Pose Discrimination Using SVM”, Proc. Of 14th International Conf. on PR, 1998
【32】 A. V. Nefian and M. H. Hayes III, “Hidden Markov models for face detection and recognition”, ICIP, vol. 1, pp.141-145. , Oct. 1998
【33】 C. Garcia, G. Zikos, and G. Tziritas, “A Wavelet-Based Framework for Face Recognition”, Proc. of the Workshop on Advances in Facial Image Analysis and Recognition Technology, ECCV `98, pp. 84-92, Freiburg, Allemagne, 1998
【34】 C. Domeniconi, J. Peng, and D. Gunopulos, “Locally Adaptive Metric Nearest Neighbor Classification”, Technical Report UCR-CSE-00-01, Aug. 2000
【35】 Y. Liu, R. L. Weaver, K. Schmidt, N. Serban, and J. Cohn, “Facial Asymmetry : A New Biometric”, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-01-23
【36】 C. Wu, Ce Liu, H. Shum, Y. Xu, and Z. Zhang, “Automatic Eyeglasses Removal from Face Images”, IEEE Tran. on PAMI, vol. 26, no. 3, Mar. 2004
【37】 Y. Saito, Y. Kenmochi and K. Kotani, "Extraction of A Symmetric Object for Eyeglass Face Analysis Using Active Contour Model", ICIP, 2000
【38】 Z. Jing and R. Mariani, “Glasses Detection and Extraction by Deformable Contour”, Proc. 15th ICPR, Spain, 2000
【39】 Hough, P.V.C. “Methods and Means for Tecognizing Complex Patterns”, U.S. Patent 3,069,654, 1962
【40】 V. F. Leavers, “Shape Detection in Computer Vision Using the Hough Transform”, London: Springer-Verlag, 1992
【41】 A. S. Aguado and M. S. Nixon, “A New Hough Transform Mapping for Ellipse Detection”, Technical Report, University of Southampton, 1995
【42】 D. Walsh and A. E. Raftery, “Accurate and Efficient Curve Detection in Images: The Importance Sampling Hough Transform”, Technical Report No.388, Dept. Statistics, Univ. Washington, 2001.
【43】 R. A. McLaughlin and M. D. Alder , “Technical Report - The Hough Transform versus the UpWrite”, Dept. E.E., UWA, http://ciips.ee.uwa.edu.au/Papers/Technical_Reports/1997/02/html/hough_vs_upwrite.html
【44】 N. Bennett, R. Burridge, and N. Saito , “A Method to Detect and Characterize Ellipse Using the Hough Transform”, IEEE Tran. on PAMI, vol. 21, no.7, pp. 652-657, 1999
【45】 林晁立,「以臉部器官形狀、寬度、相對位置從事人臉影像辨識」,碩士論文,東海大學資訊科學研究所,2000. 6
【46】 GOLDENNUMBER.NET, http://www.goldennumber.net
【47】 8127眼鏡科技熱線-學習園地:http://luowen.www7.cn4e.com/8127/school.htm
【48】 W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, and A. Krishnaswamy, “Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition”, Proceedings of the 3rd ICAFGR, pp. 336-341, 1998
【49】 Open Source Computer Vision Library by Intel Research, http://www.intel.com/research/mrl/research/opencv/
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
90753016
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090753016
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 廖文宏zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liao , Wen-Hungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄒博岱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsou , Po-Taien_US
dc.creator (作者) 鄒博岱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsou , Po-Taien_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 13:53:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 13:53:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 13:53:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090753016en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32626-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90753016zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究嘗試不全以負面假設來看待配戴眼鏡對人臉辨識的影響。吾人將以邊緣偵測圖為基礎,以邊點強度的分析來建立一套定位眼鏡的偵測系統。同時用偵測出的鏡框位置,以邊緣點的強度、密度比較的方式,定位眼睛的位置;並以前述兩套偵測演算,採擷其過程的資訊,進一步地定位鼻子與嘴巴的位置。這些演算形成一個簡易的人臉特徵定位系統,其將可處理配戴眼鏡的人臉;吾人也將進一步地經由其處理過程與結果,分析眼鏡對區域人臉辨識的影響,進而引導出非自然物件可能對人臉辨識的阻礙或輔助。

論文也將以全域比對法中的PCA與ICA演算法作一連串的實驗,剖析眼鏡對於全域辨識的影響;此外,亦用相同的方法來測試非自然物(眼鏡)、光源亮度與人臉角度對於人臉辨識阻礙的程度,以探究是否系統值得花費更大的代價,來移除眼鏡這個被一致認定的人臉辨識障礙,並得以在辨識演算法上獲得更高的效能。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The objective of this thesis is to investigate the efficacy of face recognition systems when the subjects are wearing glasses. We do not presume that non-facial features such as glasses are nuisances. Instead, we will study whether the inclusion of glasses will have a positive impact on the face detection procedure and how it affects the feature extraction process. We will demonstrate how to use techniques based on local feature analysis to reduce the uncertainties in the matching result due to interferences around the eyes and nose caused by optical glasses.

We have also conducted extensive experiments to analyze the effect of glasses on face recognition systems based on global matching strategy. Specifically, we perform both principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) on face databases with different percentage of subjects wearing eye glasses. It is concluded that external objects such as glasses will have a negative impact on face recognition using global analysis approaches. However, the adverse influences of illumination and pose are more conspicuous during the recognition process. Therefore, one should take caution when attempting to adapt the global matching scheme to handle the difficulties caused by glasses.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
 1.1 研究目的
 1.2 相關研究
 1.3 初始觀察
  1.3.1 人臉特徵位置
  1.3.2 眼鏡
 1.4 研究架構
第二章 眼鏡偵測
 2.1 問題與瓶頸
  2.1.1 雜訊干擾橢圓假設
  2.1.2 影像前處理
 2.2 眼鏡偵測實踐(Implementation)
  2.2.1 前處理
   2.2.1.1 標準化
   2.2.1.2 反光效應區域均值化
   2.2.1.3 邊緣偵測(Edge Detection)
   2.2.1.4 保留邊點(edge point)權重值
   2.2.1.5 前處理演算法
  2.2.2 眼鏡偵測
   2.2.2.1 偵測基礎
   2.2.2.2 水平頂點值(peak)求取
   2.2.2.3 眼鏡存在判定
   2.2.2.4 眼鏡偵測演算法
   2.2.2.5 偵測演算最佳化
第三章 以鏡框範圍作人臉特徵定位
 3.1 眼鏡偵測結果
  3.1.1 偵測結果圖例
  3.1.2 眼鏡偵測分析
   3.1.2.1 執行效率
   3.1.2.2 鏡框材質
   3.1.2.3 原始影像大小
   3.1.2.4 容忍度
 3.2 人臉特徵之定位
  3.2.1 定位演算法
   3.2.1.1 眼睛定位
   3.2.1.2 鼻子定位
   3.2.1.3 嘴巴定位
  3.2.2 人臉特徵定位結果
 3.3 偵測定位系統分析
第四章 全域比對法下之戴眼鏡人臉辨識
 4.1 實驗架構
 4.2 實驗結果
 4.3 亮度、人臉角度與配戴眼鏡與否的比較
  4.3.1 實驗架構
  4.3.2 實驗結果
第五章 結論與未來方向
 5.1 結論
 5.2 未來方向
參考文獻
附錄一 全域比對分析圖表
附錄二 全域比對分析圖表(人臉樣本之亮度、角度與配戴眼鏡因素之比較實驗) 
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 9824 bytes-
dc.format.extent 13161 bytes-
dc.format.extent 12541 bytes-
dc.format.extent 58033 bytes-
dc.format.extent 655134 bytes-
dc.format.extent 698298 bytes-
dc.format.extent 1071935 bytes-
dc.format.extent 220560 bytes-
dc.format.extent 141394 bytes-
dc.format.extent 70462 bytes-
dc.format.extent 2470478 bytes-
dc.format.extent 670365 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090753016en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 眼鏡zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人臉特徵zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 影像處理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 霍夫轉換zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人臉辨識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 圖型辨識zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) glassesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) eyeglassesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) facial featureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) image processingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Hough transformen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) face recognitionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) pattern recognitionen_US
dc.title (題名) 戴眼鏡對人臉辨識系統之影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【1】 J. Ashbourn, “Biometrics: Advanced Identity Verification”, Springler, 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【2】 International Biometric Group:http://www.biometricgroup.com/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【3】 中央健康保險局,「認識健保IC卡」, http://www.nhi.gov.tw/IC_Card/knowIC/knowIC1.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【4】 王新雨,「電簽法通過 身份辨識成潛力產業」,CNET新聞專區,2002. 2. 18 http://taiwan.cnet.com/news/software/0,2000064574,20032201,00.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【5】 GV-Series Digital video surveillance system by GeoVision Inc., http://www.geovision.com.tw/002/en/product-1.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【6】 周天(等著),「網路法律高手」, 書泉出版社, 2002.4zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【7】 A. K. Jain, S. Pankanti, S. Prabhakar, and A. Ross, “Recent Advances in Fingerprint Verification”, AVBPA 2001, pp.182-191, 2001zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【8】 L. Coetzee and E. C. Botha., “Fingerprint Recognition in Low Quality Images”, Pattern Recognition, 26(10), pp. 1441-1460, 1993zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【9】 ETtoday.com資料,「「軟硬」不必同一家 指紋辨識新趨勢」,http://www.ettoday.com/2002/06/06/91-1311979.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【10】 潘怡靜,「尋找恐怖分子衍生商機 股價逆勢飆漲 臉部辨識系統 躍為顯學」,數位週刊57期e-FOCUS專欄,2001. 10zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【11】 findBIOMETRICS.com by TopickZ Inc., http://www.findbiometrics.com/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【12】 ETtoday.com資料,「機場安檢全球首例 使用虹膜感應系統」,http://www.ettoday.com/2001/10/25/91-1212763.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【13】 H. Schneiderman, T. Kanade, “Object Detection Using the Statistics of Parts”, International Journal of Computer Vision, 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【14】 Center for Biological and Computational Learning by MIT, http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/cbcl/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【15】 Face Detection Home Page by Robert W. Frischholz, http://home.t-online.de/home/Robert.Frischholz/face.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【16】 M. Yang, N. Ahuja, and D. Kriegman, “Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey”, IEEE Transactions on PAMI, vol. 24, no. 1, Jan. 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【17】 自由時報電子新聞網資料:http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2002/new/nov/6/today-m1.htm#m03zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【18】 衛生署保健處資料:http://www.doh.gov.tw/org2/b1/b1_3_3.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【19】 衛生署國家健康局, 「民國九十年國民健康訪問調查」, http://www.bhp.doh.gov.tw/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【20】 R. O. Duda , P. E. Hart and D. G. Stork, Pattern Recognition, Wiley-Interscience, 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【21】 黃國源,「類神經網路與圖型識別」,維科,2003.3zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【22】 W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, and P.J. Phillips. “Face recognition: A literature survey”, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 35 , issue 4, pp. 399 - 458, Dec. 2003zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【23】 W. A. Barrett, “A survey of face recognition algorithms and testing results”, Conference Record of the Thirty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, vol. 1, pp. 301-305, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【24】 L. Sirovich and M. Kirby, “Low-dimensional procedure for the characterization for the characterization of human faces”, Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 519-524, Mar. 1987zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【25】 N. Vaswani, “A Linear Classifier for Gaussian Class Conditional Distributions with Unequal Covariance Matrices”, ICPR, 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【26】 M. Bartlett, Javier R. Movellan and T. J. Sejnowski, “Face Recognition by Independent Component Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 13, no.6, Nov. 2002zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【27】 P. Campadelli, R. Lanzarotti, and C. Savazzi, “Feature-Based Face Recognition System”, ICIAP `03, Sep. 2003zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【28】 S. Zhou and R. Chellappa. “Image-based face recognition under illumination and pose variations”. Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【29】 M. Kirby and L. Sirovich, “Application of the karhunen-loève procedure for the characterization of human faces”, IEEE Trans. On PAMI, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 103-108, 1987zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【30】 G. W. Cottrell and M. Fleming, “Face Recognition Using Unsupervised Feature Extraction”, Proc. International Neural Network Conf. in Paris, France, vol. 1, pp. 322-325, Jul. 1990zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【31】 J. Huang, X. Shao, and H. Wechsler, “Face Pose Discrimination Using SVM”, Proc. Of 14th International Conf. on PR, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【32】 A. V. Nefian and M. H. Hayes III, “Hidden Markov models for face detection and recognition”, ICIP, vol. 1, pp.141-145. , Oct. 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【33】 C. Garcia, G. Zikos, and G. Tziritas, “A Wavelet-Based Framework for Face Recognition”, Proc. of the Workshop on Advances in Facial Image Analysis and Recognition Technology, ECCV `98, pp. 84-92, Freiburg, Allemagne, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【34】 C. Domeniconi, J. Peng, and D. Gunopulos, “Locally Adaptive Metric Nearest Neighbor Classification”, Technical Report UCR-CSE-00-01, Aug. 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【35】 Y. Liu, R. L. Weaver, K. Schmidt, N. Serban, and J. Cohn, “Facial Asymmetry : A New Biometric”, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-01-23zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【36】 C. Wu, Ce Liu, H. Shum, Y. Xu, and Z. Zhang, “Automatic Eyeglasses Removal from Face Images”, IEEE Tran. on PAMI, vol. 26, no. 3, Mar. 2004zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【37】 Y. Saito, Y. Kenmochi and K. Kotani, "Extraction of A Symmetric Object for Eyeglass Face Analysis Using Active Contour Model", ICIP, 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【38】 Z. Jing and R. Mariani, “Glasses Detection and Extraction by Deformable Contour”, Proc. 15th ICPR, Spain, 2000zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【39】 Hough, P.V.C. “Methods and Means for Tecognizing Complex Patterns”, U.S. Patent 3,069,654, 1962zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【40】 V. F. Leavers, “Shape Detection in Computer Vision Using the Hough Transform”, London: Springer-Verlag, 1992zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【41】 A. S. Aguado and M. S. Nixon, “A New Hough Transform Mapping for Ellipse Detection”, Technical Report, University of Southampton, 1995zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【42】 D. Walsh and A. E. Raftery, “Accurate and Efficient Curve Detection in Images: The Importance Sampling Hough Transform”, Technical Report No.388, Dept. Statistics, Univ. Washington, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【43】 R. A. McLaughlin and M. D. Alder , “Technical Report - The Hough Transform versus the UpWrite”, Dept. E.E., UWA, http://ciips.ee.uwa.edu.au/Papers/Technical_Reports/1997/02/html/hough_vs_upwrite.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【44】 N. Bennett, R. Burridge, and N. Saito , “A Method to Detect and Characterize Ellipse Using the Hough Transform”, IEEE Tran. on PAMI, vol. 21, no.7, pp. 652-657, 1999zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【45】 林晁立,「以臉部器官形狀、寬度、相對位置從事人臉影像辨識」,碩士論文,東海大學資訊科學研究所,2000. 6zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【46】 GOLDENNUMBER.NET, http://www.goldennumber.netzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【47】 8127眼鏡科技熱線-學習園地:http://luowen.www7.cn4e.com/8127/school.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【48】 W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, and A. Krishnaswamy, “Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition”, Proceedings of the 3rd ICAFGR, pp. 336-341, 1998zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 【49】 Open Source Computer Vision Library by Intel Research, http://www.intel.com/research/mrl/research/opencv/zh_TW