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題名 第三代行動通訊系統中利用位置預測以改進交遞管理之研究
Location Prediction for Handoff Management in 3rd Generation Mobile Communication System
作者 徐榮志
Roger Hsu
貢獻者 張宏慶
Hung-Chin Jang
徐榮志
Roger Hsu
關鍵詞 第三代行動通訊系統
交遞
預測
3G
handoff
prediction
日期 2002
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 13:53:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 目前全球電信業的發展，將以第三代行動通訊網路（3G）為基礎，有效提供全方位的無線寬頻數據與語音服務。而IP(Internet Protocol)的應用與行動通訊的結合，將會徹底改變大眾未來的生活。在第三代行動通訊網路的發展中，因為基地台的涵蓋範圍愈來愈小（micro/pico cellular），造成使用者在使用行動通訊網路時會產生更頻繁的交遞。如何讓使用者在進行交遞程序時降低交遞失敗率（handoff dropping rate），讓使用者在使用第三代行動網路的服務時，不會因為交遞的發生而造成服務中斷，以達到無接縫的交遞（seamless handoff），並同時降低新呼所堵塞率（new call blocking rate）及滿足各種使用者需求的服務品質，提升資源使用效率。本論文考量以使用者位置（location-base）及基地台特色作為交遞預測的準則。以往，交遞執行與否的決定是以使用者設備接收各基地台訊號強弱、移動速度等資訊作為參考。在此我們利用已發展出之各種定位技術，以使用者位置做為交遞程序準則（location-aware handoff），根據每個基地台在不同地理位置所呈現出的不同訊務特色，提出一個適用於各種環境，在交遞時的資源保留機制。預測使用者的未來走向，以滿足使用者在交遞時QoS的需求，使得在基地台中資源預留達到最小，能有效降低新呼叫堵塞率、交遞失敗率，並提升基地台資源使用率，進而使整個網路效能最佳化，滿足各種服務之QoS需求。為驗證本文所提出的交遞及資源保留演算法對於系統效能的改進，在此設計了一套適用於第三代無線通訊網路的交遞模擬系統。使用者可匯入不同地區的實際電子地圖，系統會依使用者在不同位置所產生之不同的行為模式，如方向、速度等；或因基地台之地理位置及時間的不同，產生不同的使用需求或訊務量等；據此建立各個基地台的使用特性，以符合實際使用狀況，並獲得更精確的模擬結果。末了再套用本文所發展的交遞及資源保留演算法修改模組，以驗證不同交遞演算法及通訊協定的效能。
The development of mobile communication will base on the 3rd generation communication system (3G), which can provide boardband wireless data communication and voice service. The integration of Internet protocol and mobile communication will totally change our future life. In comparisons with previous mobile communication systems, the coverage of 3G base station is much smaller, which will cause Mobile Host (MH) execute handoff procedure more frequently.

Our goal is to reduce handoff dropping rate, new call blocking rate and at the same time satisfy all QoS requests, increase resource utilization supporting seamless handoff. In the past, handoff procedure is executed by assessing signal strength of base stations. Here we consider user location and base station geographical pattern to support a location-aware handoff procedure. We invent a resource reservation scheme according to the traffic characteristics and environment of the base station and predict user location to optimize system performance.

To compare the system performance between different schemes, we developed a handoff simulation tool (3GHOSim) suitable for 3G mobile communication system. The system could import electronic map, create different user behavior (direction, speed, etc.), generate different user requirements and traffic loads trying to get more realistic simulation results.
參考文獻 [1] P. M. L. Chan, R. E. Sheriff, and Y. F. Hu, ”Mobility Management Incorporating Fuzzy Logic for a Heterogeneous IP Environment,” IEEE Communications Magazine, December 2001.
[2] Wen-Tsuen Chen, Tzu-Min Lin and Shou-Chin Lo, ”A Dynamic Resource Reservation Scheme with the Hybrid Handoff Prediction in Mobile Cellular Network ”, 2001.
[3] Chang-Ching Chiou, “Improve the Performance of the NCTUns Network Simulator”, Master thesis, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 2001.
[4] Ming-Hsing Chiv, and Mostafa A, Bassiouni, ”Predictive Schemes for Handoff Prioritization in Cellular Network Based on Mobile Positioning,” IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, Vol.18, No.3, March 2000.
[5] H. Holma and A. Toskala, “WCDMA for UMTS”, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
[6] H. Holma and A. Toskala, “WCDMA for UMTS : Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications”, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
[7] Shin-Hsiung Hung, ”SimPCS:A Web-Based Simulator For PCS Systems”, Feng Chia University Taiwan, 1999.
[8] Hung-Chin Jang, Roger Hsu, “ 3GHOSim：A Handoff Simulation Tool for 3G Mobile Communications System,” 2003 Symposium on Digital Life and Internet Technology, National Cheng Kung Univ., Taiwan, R.O.C.
[9] Hung-Chin Jang, Roger Hsu, Chen-Chin Lin, Chen-Yu Yang, “A Framework for Handover with QoS Control,” Moblie Computing 2002 The 8th Mobile Computing Workshop, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C., March 22, 2002.
[10] Hung-Chin Jang, Chen-Chin Lin, “Optimization of Bandwidth Allocation for 3G Using Genetic Algorithm,” 2002 Symposium on Digital Life and Internet Technology, National Cheng Kung Univ., Taiwan, R.O.C., July 27-28, 2002.
[11] S. Keshav, “REAL: A Network Simulator,” Technical Report, Dept. of computer Science, UC Berkeley, 1988.
[12] Chen-Chin Lin, ” Using Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Bandwidth Allocation with Delay Guaranteed for Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems”, National Chengchi University, 2002.
[13] Y.-B Lin, A.-C Pang, “ Comparing Soft and Hard Handoffs.” IEEE Trans. on Veh. Technol., 49(3): 792-798, 2000.
[14] S. McCanne, S. Floyd,” ns-LBNL Network Simulator”. (http://www-nrg.ee.lb.gov/ns/)
[15] Anthony Noerpel and Yi-Bing Lin, “Handover Management for a PCS Network,” IEEE Personal Communications, Dec. 1997.
[16] Ramachandran Ramjee, Thomas F. La Porta, Luca Salgarelli, Sandra Thuel, and Kannan Varadhan,” IP-Based Access Network Infrastructure for Next-Generation Wireless Data Networks,” IEEE Personal Communications, August 2000.
[17] W. Richard Stevens, “UNIX Network Programming Volume 1, Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI”, 2nd, Prentice-Hall, 1998.
[18] Larry Taylor, ”The Challenges of Seamless Handover in Future Mobile Multimedia Networks,” IEEE Personal Communications, April 1999.
[19] Uresh Vahalia, “UNIX Internals: the New Frontiers,”Prentice-Hall, 1996.
[20] S.Y. Wang and H.T Kung, “A Simple Methodology for Constructing Extensible and High-Fidelity TCP/IP Network Simulators“ IEEE INFOCOM’99, March 21-25, 1999, New York, USA.
[21] Gray R. Wright and Richard Stevens, “TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 2, ” Addison Wesley, 1995.
[22] Harvard TCP/IP network simulator 1.0, available at　
http://www.eecs. harvard.edu/networking/simulator.html.
[23] OPNET Technologies, Inc. home page, http://www.opnet.com/products/home.html.
[24] 電信國家型科技計劃，B3G行動通訊前瞻規劃, 2001.
http://www.ntpo.nsc.gov.tw/B3G/B3G_index.html
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
90753021
91
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090753021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hung-Chin Jangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐榮志zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Roger Hsuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐榮志zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Roger Hsuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2002en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 13:53:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 13:53:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 13:53:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090753021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32630-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90753021zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 目前全球電信業的發展，將以第三代行動通訊網路（3G）為基礎，有效提供全方位的無線寬頻數據與語音服務。而IP(Internet Protocol)的應用與行動通訊的結合，將會徹底改變大眾未來的生活。在第三代行動通訊網路的發展中，因為基地台的涵蓋範圍愈來愈小（micro/pico cellular），造成使用者在使用行動通訊網路時會產生更頻繁的交遞。如何讓使用者在進行交遞程序時降低交遞失敗率（handoff dropping rate），讓使用者在使用第三代行動網路的服務時，不會因為交遞的發生而造成服務中斷，以達到無接縫的交遞（seamless handoff），並同時降低新呼所堵塞率（new call blocking rate）及滿足各種使用者需求的服務品質，提升資源使用效率。本論文考量以使用者位置（location-base）及基地台特色作為交遞預測的準則。以往，交遞執行與否的決定是以使用者設備接收各基地台訊號強弱、移動速度等資訊作為參考。在此我們利用已發展出之各種定位技術，以使用者位置做為交遞程序準則（location-aware handoff），根據每個基地台在不同地理位置所呈現出的不同訊務特色，提出一個適用於各種環境，在交遞時的資源保留機制。預測使用者的未來走向，以滿足使用者在交遞時QoS的需求，使得在基地台中資源預留達到最小，能有效降低新呼叫堵塞率、交遞失敗率，並提升基地台資源使用率，進而使整個網路效能最佳化，滿足各種服務之QoS需求。為驗證本文所提出的交遞及資源保留演算法對於系統效能的改進，在此設計了一套適用於第三代無線通訊網路的交遞模擬系統。使用者可匯入不同地區的實際電子地圖，系統會依使用者在不同位置所產生之不同的行為模式，如方向、速度等；或因基地台之地理位置及時間的不同，產生不同的使用需求或訊務量等；據此建立各個基地台的使用特性，以符合實際使用狀況，並獲得更精確的模擬結果。末了再套用本文所發展的交遞及資源保留演算法修改模組，以驗證不同交遞演算法及通訊協定的效能。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The development of mobile communication will base on the 3rd generation communication system (3G), which can provide boardband wireless data communication and voice service. The integration of Internet protocol and mobile communication will totally change our future life. In comparisons with previous mobile communication systems, the coverage of 3G base station is much smaller, which will cause Mobile Host (MH) execute handoff procedure more frequently.

Our goal is to reduce handoff dropping rate, new call blocking rate and at the same time satisfy all QoS requests, increase resource utilization supporting seamless handoff. In the past, handoff procedure is executed by assessing signal strength of base stations. Here we consider user location and base station geographical pattern to support a location-aware handoff procedure. We invent a resource reservation scheme according to the traffic characteristics and environment of the base station and predict user location to optimize system performance.

To compare the system performance between different schemes, we developed a handoff simulation tool (3GHOSim) suitable for 3G mobile communication system. The system could import electronic map, create different user behavior (direction, speed, etc.), generate different user requirements and traffic loads trying to get more realistic simulation results.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論..................................................................................................................1
1.1背景與研究動機..............................................................................................1
1.2研究目的..........................................................................................................3
1.3研究成果..........................................................................................................5
1.4章節概要..........................................................................................................6

第二章 第三代行動通訊系統及相關研究..................................................................7
2.1行動通訊網路的沿革............... ......................................................................7
2.2第三代行動通訊系統架構..............................................................................9
2.3第三代行動通訊系統之服務等級................................................................12
2.4定位系統.........................................................................................................15
2.4.1全球定位系統（Global Position System, GPS）..................................15
2.4.2基地台定位系統.................................................................................17
2.4.2.1細胞識別碼（Cell ID）...............................................................17
2.4.2.2訊號強度（Signal Strength）......................................................18
2.4.2.3訊號抵達角度（Angle of Arrival, AOA）..............................19
2.4.2.4訊號抵達時間（Time of Arrival, TOA）...................................21
2.4.2.5訊號抵達時間差（Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA）..........22
2.4.2.6混合型定位（Hybrid Location）................................................23
2.5交遞技術..........................................................................................................24
2.6資源保留機制..................................................................................................27
2.6.1預測型保留機制(Predicted Based Scheme).......................................27
2.6.2樣本型保留機制(Pattern Based Scheme)...........................................27
2.6.3判斷型保留(Estimation Based Scheme).............................................28
2.7資源分配機制..................................................................................................28
2.7.1無優先權保留(Non-Priority Scheme, NPS).......................................28
2.7.2固定式資源保留(Fixed Resource Reserved Scheme, FRRS)............29
2.7.3排隊優先型資源分配機制（QPS, Queuing Priority Scheme, QPS）..29
2.7.4通道分割型資源分配機制（Sub-Rating Scheme, SRS）....................29

第三章 預測交遞與動態資源保留............................................................................30
3.1地形與位置對於交遞的影響........................................................................31
3.2交遞程序分析................................................................................................34
3.3利用交遞預測改善系統服務品質................................................................40
3.4基地台交遞資源動態保留............................................................................45
3.5完整的交遞步驟............................................................................................46

第四章 系統模擬及數據分析....................................................................................53
4.1模擬架構及工具............................................................................................54
4.2主要模組........................................................................................................56
4.3模擬環境之設定.............................................................................................62
4.3.1參數設定.............................................................................................63
4.4實驗結果與分析............................................................................................68
4.4.1交遞準確率.........................................................................................69
4.4.2資源保留機制之比較.........................................................................70
4.4.3各資源保留機制在離峰時段與尖峰時段之比較.............................71
4.4.4動態資源保留機制（Dynamic Resource Reservation Scheme）........78.
4.5實驗結果分析 ..............................................................................................82

第五章 結論與後續研究............................................................................................83
5.1結論................................................................................................................83
5.2後續研究........................................................................................................84

參考文獻......................................................................................................................86
學經歷..........................................................................................................................89


圖目錄

圖1.1各種細胞服務涵蓋範圍......................................................................................2
圖1.2第三代行動網路的特性......................................................................................3
圖1.3第三代行動通訊系統架構..................................................................................4
圖2.1第三代行動通訊網路的演進..............................................................................8
圖2.2第三代行動通訊系統架構圖..............................................................................9
圖2.3衛星定位系統....................................................................................................16
圖2.4 CELL ID定位法................................................................................................17
圖2.5訊號強度定位法................................................................................................19
圖2.6以訊號抵達角度定位........................................................................................20
圖2.7角度解析度造成定位偏差................................................................................21
圖2.8以訊號抵達時間差定位....................................................................................23
圖2.9轉送....................................................................................................................25
圖2.10多點傳送..........................................................................................................26
圖3.1以NPSW模擬街道地形圖................................................................................32
圖3.2進行交遞程序的比率........................................................................................32
圖3.3各基地台進行交遞程序之負荷（overhead）.....................................................33
圖3.4進行交遞的地點分佈........................................................................................34
圖3.5正常區與交遞區................................................................................................35
圖3.6軟性交遞之時序模型........................................................................................36
圖3.7預測交遞區........................................................................................................37
圖3.8行動台受地理限制產生不同特性....................................................................42
圖3.9在BS1中往各鄰近基地台進行交遞的歷史記錄……………………………44
圖3.10動態資源保留運算..........................................................................................46
圖3.11行動台與基地台連線的流程..........................................................................47
圖3.12 Inter-domain handoff與Intra-domain handoff................................................50
圖3.13 Intra-domain交遞的訊息交換........................................................................51
圖3.14 Inter-domain交遞的訊息交換........................................................................51
圖4.1系統模擬之主要模組間之關係圖....................................................................56
圖4.2基地台涵蓋範圍預測........................................................................................57
圖4.3訊務產生............................................................................................................58
圖4.4使用者使用記錄................................................................................................59
圖4.5資源分配模組架構圖........................................................................................61
圖4.6大同區周邊環境的電子地圖............................................................................62
圖4.7每日訊務量在一週中所佔的比重（以週為單位）............................................63
圖4.8平日24小時訊務量分佈比例………………………………………………...64
圖4.9假日24小時訊務量分佈比例………………………………………………...64
圖4.10平日話務量在各小時之分佈（車站、捷運、公路）…………………………..65
圖4.11頻寬需求比例………………………………………………………………..65
圖4.12行動台在各種位置之速度範圍設定………………………………………..66
圖4.13行動台連線時間設定比例…………………………………………………..67
圖4.14交遞次數之比例………………………………………..................................68
圖4.15交遞準確率之比較………………………………………..............................69
圖4.16平均資源使用量、新呼叫堵塞流量與交遞失敗流量比較（離峰時段）........71
圖4.17平均資源使用量（離峰時段）………………………………………..............72
圖4.18平均新呼叫堵塞流量（離峰時段）………………………………………......72
圖4.19平均新呼叫堵塞率（離峰時段）………………………………………..........73
圖4.20離峰時段與尖峰時段流量比較………………………………………..........73
圖4.21平均資源使用量、新呼叫堵塞流量與交遞失敗流量比較（尖峰時段）........74
圖4.22平均資源使用量（尖峰時段）………………………………………..............75
圖4.23平均新呼叫堵塞流量（尖峰時段）………………………………………......76
圖4.24平均交遞失敗流量（尖峰時段）………………………………………..........76
圖4.25平均新呼叫堵塞率與交遞失敗率（尖峰時段）……………………………..77
圖4.26使用FRRS平均負載流量狀態………………………………………...........79
圖4.27使用DRRS平均負載流量狀態………………………………………..........79
圖4.28新呼叫堵塞流量統計………………………………………..........................80
圖4.29不同資源保留比例之新呼叫堵塞流量……………………………………..81
圖4.30不同資源保留比例之改善狀況………………………………………..........81





表目錄

表2.1 頻道型態及特性表………………………………………..............................12
表2.2 UMTS QoS分類………………………………………....................................13
表2.3 四類UMTS QoS服務類別對delay、jitter及packet loss的敏感程度..........14
表2.4 各種服務等級的QoS需求表………………………………………..............14
表3.1 基地台在各種不同地理位置型態的訊務特徵……………………………..31
表4.1與Predictio-Reserve 1平均資源使用量比較………………………………...75
表4.1與Predictio-Reserve 2平均資源使用量比較………………………………...75
表4.3與Predictio-Reserve 1平均新呼叫堵塞率比較……………………………...77
表4.4與Predictio-Reserve 2平均新呼叫堵塞率比較……………………………...77
表4.5與Predictio-Reserve 1平均交遞失敗率比較………………………………...78
表4.6與Predictio-Reserve 2平均交遞失敗率比較………………………...............78		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090753021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 第三代行動通訊系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 交遞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 預測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 3Gen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) handoffen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) predictionen_US
dc.title (題名) 第三代行動通訊系統中利用位置預測以改進交遞管理之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Location Prediction for Handoff Management in 3rd Generation Mobile Communication Systemen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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