學術產出-Theses

題名 創意、分析與實用的目標要求對大學生視覺設計表現的影響
作者 朱琇慧
貢獻者 吳靜吉
朱琇慧
關鍵詞 目標要求
創新導向
分析批判導向
實踐導向
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:05:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的研究主要目的在探討目標要求和思考風格對美國大學生論說文寫作表現(essay-writing performance)的交互影響,本研究同樣也在探討不同的目標要求,對不同個人風格的臺灣大學生,在視覺設計表現上的影響。本研究和O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的研究一樣,目標要求的設計皆分為創意目標、分析目標與實用目標,而不同的是,本研究除以視覺設計取代論說文寫作之外,並另外編制測量學生的創新導向、分析批判導向與實踐導向的個人風格量表,以代替O’Hara與 Sternberg研究中所測量的立法型、司法型與行政型思考風格。

本研究採實驗研究法,以167名(男生68位,女生99位;自願參與83位,非自願參與84位)政治大學的學生為研究樣本,將其隨機分派到創意組(N=41)、分析組(N=42)與實用組(N=41)三個實驗組,以及一個控制組(N=43)中。實驗程序分為兩階段,首先,透過文字的說明傳達目標要求,創意組要求發揮創造力,分析組要求展現比較、分析的能力,實用組要求發揮講究實用性與實踐性的能力,控制組則無特定要求,請受試者依說明的內容完成視覺設計。接著,請受試者填寫「背景資料量表」與「個人風格量表」。本研究所使用的「背景資料量表」,包括「相關經驗」、「樂趣程度」、「特質傾向」三個部分;「個人風格量表」中含三個分量表,分別為吳靜吉等人(民85)改編自Scott & Bruce(1994)的「創新行為量表」,與自編的「分析批判導向量表」、「實踐導向量表」。學生的視覺設計表現,由六位評分者依據Amabile(1996)的「共識評量法」進行評分,其中三位為視覺設計專家,其他三位為具專兼任相關工作經驗的廣告系所畢業生,六位評分者的信度(Cronbach α)在創意性表現方面為.91,在分析性表現方面為.86,在實用性表現方面為.84。

本研究以階層迴歸分析驗證研究假設,考驗「相關經驗」、「目標要求」、「個人風格」、「樂趣程度」與「交互作用」(目標要求*個人風格)等預測變項,分別對創意性、分析性與實用性三種視覺設計表現的影響,研究結果顯示:在目標要求方面,創意目標的要求不僅能提昇學生的創意性表現,對分析性表現也有幫助,分析目標會提高分析性表現,實用目標對三種表現則都沒有顯著預測力;在個人風格方面,學生的創新導向最能預測創意性的表現;在交互作用的部分,目標要求與個人風格在創意性、分析性與實用性表現上都沒有交互作用存在;在相關經驗與樂趣程度方面,當學生在視覺設計上擁有的經驗愈多,樂於投入的內在動機愈強時,對其展現創意性、分析性與實用性表現都有正向的重要影響。另外,由於本研究的受試者來源包含自願參與和非自願參與的學生,為瞭解此兩類學生的表現差異,進一步以二因子變異數分析進行探討,結果發現自願參與學生的創意性、分析性與實用性視覺設計表現,均顯著優於非自願參與的學生。

最後,根據研究結果,本研究從教學輔導與未來研究兩方面提出建議,作為教師教學與未來研究參考。關於教學方面:1.將創造力納入教學目標與表現評量中;2.解讀並支持學生的個人風格;3.滿足學生學習的樂趣並運用其相關經驗。關於未來研究方面:1.在研究對象上,可以其他學習階段的學生為對象、或進一步探討自願參與和非自願參與學生的表現差異、或將性別變項納進研究中;2.改變任務主題;3.修訂分析批判導向量表;4.延長實驗時間進行後續研究;5.使不同個人風格相得益彰的探究;6.假設未獲支持的再探討。
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Tardif, T.Z., & Sternberg, R.J.(1988).What do we know about creativity? In R.J. Sternberg(Ed.), The nature of creativity(pp.
429-440).New York:Cambridge University Press.
Treffinger, D.J., & Isaksen, S.G.(1992).Creative problem solving: A
introduction. Sarasota, FL: Center for Creative Learning.
West, M.A., & Farr, J.L. (1990). Innovation at work. In M.A. West & J.L. Farr (Eds.), Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and organizational strategies (pp.3-13).New York: Wiley.
Zimmerman, B.J. (1985). The development of “intrinsic” motivation: A social learning analysis. Annals of child Development ,2, 111-160.
三、網路資源部分
全民創新運動網站。2003年10月15日,取自:http://www.innovation.org.tw/
美的學習--美感教育 看不見的競爭力。天下雜誌2001教育特刊。2002年10月09日,取自:http://www.lcenter.com.tw/2001edu/competitiveness-2-1.shtml
Alice, T., Glenda, T., & Bob, S. (2003). Hot & Successful intelligence. Retrieved March.03, 2003, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.cdl.org/resources/reading room/hot and successful.
html
Sternberg, R.J.(2002). Book Smart or Street Smart ? Retrieved October.09, 2002, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.fathom.com/feature/122136
Sternberg, R.J.(2003). Teaching and assessing for successful intelligence. Retrieved March.03, 2003, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.cdl.org.resources/reading room/teaching assessing.
html
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
教育研究所
90152027
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0901520271
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳靜吉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 朱琇慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 朱琇慧zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:05:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:05:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:05:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0901520271en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33016-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 教育研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90152027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的研究主要目的在探討目標要求和思考風格對美國大學生論說文寫作表現(essay-writing performance)的交互影響,本研究同樣也在探討不同的目標要求,對不同個人風格的臺灣大學生,在視覺設計表現上的影響。本研究和O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的研究一樣,目標要求的設計皆分為創意目標、分析目標與實用目標,而不同的是,本研究除以視覺設計取代論說文寫作之外,並另外編制測量學生的創新導向、分析批判導向與實踐導向的個人風格量表,以代替O’Hara與 Sternberg研究中所測量的立法型、司法型與行政型思考風格。

本研究採實驗研究法,以167名(男生68位,女生99位;自願參與83位,非自願參與84位)政治大學的學生為研究樣本,將其隨機分派到創意組(N=41)、分析組(N=42)與實用組(N=41)三個實驗組,以及一個控制組(N=43)中。實驗程序分為兩階段,首先,透過文字的說明傳達目標要求,創意組要求發揮創造力,分析組要求展現比較、分析的能力,實用組要求發揮講究實用性與實踐性的能力,控制組則無特定要求,請受試者依說明的內容完成視覺設計。接著,請受試者填寫「背景資料量表」與「個人風格量表」。本研究所使用的「背景資料量表」,包括「相關經驗」、「樂趣程度」、「特質傾向」三個部分;「個人風格量表」中含三個分量表,分別為吳靜吉等人(民85)改編自Scott & Bruce(1994)的「創新行為量表」,與自編的「分析批判導向量表」、「實踐導向量表」。學生的視覺設計表現,由六位評分者依據Amabile(1996)的「共識評量法」進行評分,其中三位為視覺設計專家,其他三位為具專兼任相關工作經驗的廣告系所畢業生,六位評分者的信度(Cronbach α)在創意性表現方面為.91,在分析性表現方面為.86,在實用性表現方面為.84。

本研究以階層迴歸分析驗證研究假設,考驗「相關經驗」、「目標要求」、「個人風格」、「樂趣程度」與「交互作用」(目標要求*個人風格)等預測變項,分別對創意性、分析性與實用性三種視覺設計表現的影響,研究結果顯示:在目標要求方面,創意目標的要求不僅能提昇學生的創意性表現,對分析性表現也有幫助,分析目標會提高分析性表現,實用目標對三種表現則都沒有顯著預測力;在個人風格方面,學生的創新導向最能預測創意性的表現;在交互作用的部分,目標要求與個人風格在創意性、分析性與實用性表現上都沒有交互作用存在;在相關經驗與樂趣程度方面,當學生在視覺設計上擁有的經驗愈多,樂於投入的內在動機愈強時,對其展現創意性、分析性與實用性表現都有正向的重要影響。另外,由於本研究的受試者來源包含自願參與和非自願參與的學生,為瞭解此兩類學生的表現差異,進一步以二因子變異數分析進行探討,結果發現自願參與學生的創意性、分析性與實用性視覺設計表現,均顯著優於非自願參與的學生。

最後,根據研究結果,本研究從教學輔導與未來研究兩方面提出建議,作為教師教學與未來研究參考。關於教學方面:1.將創造力納入教學目標與表現評量中;2.解讀並支持學生的個人風格;3.滿足學生學習的樂趣並運用其相關經驗。關於未來研究方面:1.在研究對象上,可以其他學習階段的學生為對象、或進一步探討自願參與和非自願參與學生的表現差異、或將性別變項納進研究中;2.改變任務主題;3.修訂分析批判導向量表;4.延長實驗時間進行後續研究;5.使不同個人風格相得益彰的探究;6.假設未獲支持的再探討。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論
第一節 研究動機與目的……………………………………... 1
第二節 研究問題與假設……………………………………... 11
第三節 重要名詞釋義………………………………………... 16
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 Sternberg的智能三元論……………………………... 19
第二節 Sternberg的創造力投資理論………………………... 33
第三節 教師對學生創造力表現的影響………..……………. 50
第四節 目標要求與創造力表現的關係……………………... 74
第五節 個別差異與創造力表現的關係……………………... 91
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………... 106
第二節 研究對象……………………………………………... 108
第三節 實驗設計與實驗處理………………………………... 110
第四節 研究材料與工具……………………………………... 118
第五節 實施程序……………………………………………... 140
第六節 資料處理……………………………………………... 144
第四章 研究結果與討論 146
第一節 創意性視覺設計表現………………………………... 149
第二節 分析性視覺設計表現………………………………... 161
第三節 實用性視覺設計表現………………………………... 176
第四節 自願參與和非自願參與學生的表現差異…….…….. 191
第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論…………………………………………………... 204
第二節 研究限制與建議……………………………………... 210
參考文獻 
中文部分………………………………………………………... 226
英文部分………………………………………………………... 228
網路資源部分…………………………………………………... 237
附錄 
附錄一 個人風格預試量表…………………………………. 238
附錄二 正式施測量表………………………………………. 241
附錄三 評分說明與評分量表………………………………. 245
附錄四 本研究所使用各變項之相關矩陣…………………. 248
附錄五 本研究所使用各變項之現況分析…………………. 249
附錄六 各組學生的視覺設計作品…………………………. 252








圖 表 目 錄

表目錄
表2-2.1 心智自我管理的風格………………….………………….. 43
表2-3.1 實踐創造力的三種成分模式……………………………... 58
表2-4.1 作業說明(task instruction)與創意表現的相關研究……… 85
表3-2.1 本研究各組樣本的分配情形……………………………... 109
表3-2.2 本研究有效樣本的學院背景分配情形…………………... 109
表3-3.1 O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)所提出的創意、分析與實用能力指標……………………………………………….. 114
表3-4.1 本研究預試樣本的分配情形…………….……………….. 121
表3-4.2 「分析批判導向」的題目內容……….………………….. 126
表3-4.3 「個人風格量表」各分量表因素負荷量與信度係數…... 128
表3-4.4 本研究受試者之「特質傾向」程度與「個人風格」程度的相關矩陣…………………………………………. 132
表3-4-5 本研究評分者的背景資料簡介………………………….. 135
表3-4.6 本研究的評分者間信度(Cronbach α)…………………... 137
表4-1.1 階層迴歸分析預測創意性表現摘要表…………………... 150
表4-1.2 O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的階層迴歸分析預測創意性表現摘要表….…………………………………………. 160
表4-2.1 階層迴歸分析預測分析性表現摘要表…………………... 162
表4-2.2 創造性問題處理模式的三個因素與六個階段…………... 166
表4-2.3 O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的階層迴歸分析預測分析性表現摘要表….…………………………………………. 175
表4-3.1 階層迴歸分析預測實用性表現摘要表…………………... 177
表4-3.2 O’Hara & Sternberg(2001)的階層迴歸分析預測實用性表現摘要表…….………………………………………. 190

表4-4.1 不同組別、參與方式的各組學生在三種視覺設計表現上的平均數與標準差…………………………………. 192
表4-4.2 不同組別、參與方式的學生在「創意性表現」之變異數分析摘要表…………………………………………. 193
表4-4.3 不同組別、參與方式的學生在「創意性表現」之單純主要效果變異數分析摘要表…………………………. 194
表4-4.4 不同組別、參與方式的學生在「分析性表現」之變異數分析摘要表…………………………………………. 196
表4-4.5 不同組別、參與方式的學生在「分析性表現」之單純主要效果變異數分析摘要表………………………… 197
表4-4.6 不同組別、參與方式的學生在「實用性表現」之變異數分析摘要表…………………………………………. 199
表4-4.7 不同參與方式學生在背景變項上的t考驗……………… 200
圖目錄
圖2-1.1 智能三元論的階層架構………….…………………….…. 21
圖2-1.2 智能三元論各子理論間的關係……………………….….. 26
圖2-1.3 成功智能的內涵…………………………………………... 29
圖2-2.1 創造力投資理論的架構……………………………….….. 37
圖2-3.1 創造力表現的構成要素…………………………………... 56
圖2-3.2 教室中的創造力系統模式…………………………….….. 61
圖2-4.1 Latham與Locke的能力、目標與表現之間的關係…….. 81
圖3-1.1 研究架構…………………………………………………... 107
圖3-3.1 實驗設計的形式…………………….…………………….. 113
圖3-5.1 實驗流程……………………………………….………….. 142
圖4-3.1 創新導向與目標要求在實用性表現上的交互作用……... 136
圖4-4.1 組別、參與方式在創意性表現上的交互作用…………... 195
圖4-4.1 組別、參與方式在分析性表現上的交互作用…………... 198
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0901520271en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 目標要求zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新導向zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分析批判導向zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 實踐導向zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 創意、分析與實用的目標要求對大學生視覺設計表現的影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
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