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題名 國民中小學師傅校長教導課程對校長專業能力之影響研究--以認知學徒制理論為觀點
作者 蔡易芷
貢獻者 陳木金
蔡易芷
關鍵詞 認知學徒制
師傅校長
師傅教導
校長專業能力
cognitive apprenticeship
mentor
mentoring
principals` professional competence
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:12:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討國民中小學師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力之間的關係。除探討國民中小學師傅校長教導課程內涵及其現況,瞭解背景變項在知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性得分的差異情形外,亦分析師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力指標之相關程度,並探討師傅校長教導課程對校長專業能力的預測情形。
本研究係以台北縣、台北市、宜蘭縣、基隆市四縣市之國民中小學校長、主任、組長為研究對象,以「師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力指標調查問卷」為工具進行研究,內含基本資料、師傅校長教導課程問卷及校長專業能力指標問卷三部分,具有良好的信度、效度。預試有效樣本137位,以因素分析、積差相關、信度分析,研究預試問卷的信度、效度;正式施測有效樣本536位,分別以描述分析、t考驗、變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析,並得到以下數項結論:
一、國民中小學校長、主任、組長在「師傅校長教導課程問卷」的總得分上,屬於中上程度,在各向度之得分中,以「化解衝突」最高;其次依序為「推動校務」、「瞭解學校」、「生涯發展」,最低則是「就任校長」;在「校長專業能力指標問卷」的總得分上,屬於中上程度,在各向度之得分中,以「行政管理」最高;其次依序為「校務發展」、「專業責任」、「公共關係」,最低則是「教學領導」。
二、背景變項中,學校層級及學校所在地在師傅校長教導課程問卷上,均具有顯著差異,性別、職務、服務年資則無顯著差異。
三、師傅校長教導課程問卷得分之低、中、高三組在校長專業能力及各向度上,均有顯著差異;同時,不論在「校長專業能力」或「校長專業能力各向度」的得分上,高分組均顯著優於中、低分組;中分組顯著優於低分組。
四、師傅校長教導課程及其各向度,與校長專業能力及其各向度間呈現出顯著的正相關,亦即知覺師傅校長教導課程之瞭解學校、就任校長、推動校務、化解衝突、生涯發展的重要性愈高,則對知覺校長專業能力之校務發展、行政管理、教學領導、公共關係、專業責任的重要性也愈高。
五、在探討師傅校長教導課程各向度中,以推動校務、化解衝突、瞭解學校及生涯發展四者對校長專業能力之聯合預測力最佳,尤以推動校務最具有預測力。
最後,本研究擬根據上述研究結果進行分析討論,以形成結論及建議,並提供教育行政機關、國民中小學校長及未來相關研究之參考。

關鍵字:認知學徒制、師傅校長、師傅教導、校長專業能力
The purposes of this study were to explore relationships between principal’s mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence in elementary schools and junior high schools. The fist was to explore the reality of principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence. Secondary, the researcher also investigated the differences of background variables among principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence. Thirdly, analyze the relationships among principals’ mentoring courses. Finally, explore predictive power of principals’ mentoring courses on principals` professional competence.
This study employed the survey method. The subjects were 536 principals and directors randomly sampled from 48 elementary schools and 32 junior high schools in Taipei City, Taipei County, Yilan County and Keelung City. Data were analyzed by using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, including Frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Multiple stepwise regression analysis. The major findings were:
1. There is above average perception for principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence among the elementary and junior high school principals and directors.
2. Significant difference existed among the school level and school location for principals’ mentoring courses.
3. Significant difference existed among low, middle, and high perception of principals’ mentoring courses for principals` professional competence.
4. Significant positive correlation between principals’ mentoring courses and principals` professional competence.
5. In regression forecast of principals’ mentoring courses to principals` professional competence, especially the variable of school administration impetus the largest predictability.
Based on the results of this study, make some suggestions for the educational administration, elementary and junior high school principals and future studies.

Keywords: cognitive apprenticeship, mentor, mentoring, principals` professional competence
參考文獻 一、中文部分
丁一顧、張德銳(民91)。國民小學校長對校長導入輔導制度意見調查研究。初等教育學刊,13,1-24。
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吳清山(民88)。臺北市國民中小學校長遴選方案探討。臺北市:臺北市政府教育局。
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李暉(民87)。職前生物教師進行開放式科學探究過程之研究。彰化師範大學科學教育研究所博士論文,未出版,彰化市。
林天祐、吳清山(民87年2月)。學校行政領導人才的培育。教育行政論壇第二次研討會,國立暨南國際大學。
林文律(民88年5月)。校長職務與校長職前教育、導入階段與在職進修。國立教育資料館主辦:現代教育論壇—校長專業教育與專業發展,國立台北師範學院。
林美伶(民87)。認知學徒合作學習對國中生英語科學習成就表現、動機信念、學習策略之影響。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
高台茜(民91)。未來教室學習—以無線網路應用為基礎的認知學徒制學習環境。台大教與學期刊電子報,9。民91年12月10日,取自:http://edtech.ntu.edu.tw/epaper/911210/prof/prof_1.asp
張德銳、王保進、丁一顧(民92)。校長專業能力發展標準及其資源檔之研究。初等教育學刊,15,109-136。
陳木金(民84)。教與學的另一種原理。教育研究雙月刊,45,46-53。
陳木金(民92)。知識本位學校領導人才培養與訓練之模式探討。「中等學校行政革新」學術研討會論文集,63-81。台北市:國立政治大學教育學院。
陳木金(民93年12月)。校長專業套裝知識的解構與校長現場經驗知識的復活。國立教育資料館主辦:第六次教育論壇—從後現代看校長專業能力,國立教育資料館。
陳木金(民94)。國民小學學校領導人才培訓課程規劃之研究。國家教育研究院籌備處93年度研究成果研討會研究成果報告彙編,111-143。
陳金生(民89)。國小校長職前儲訓課程與相關措施之研究。國立中正大學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,嘉義市。
陳嘉彌(民87)。自情境教學探討徒式教育實習。教育研究資訊,6(5),21-41。
陳嘉彌(民91)。師徒式專業成長研究:師徒式教育實習可以促使教師專業成長嗎?國立高雄師範大學教育學刊,18,135-161。
彭巧綾(民93)。運用認知學徒制於國小數學領域補救教學之行動研究。國立台北師範學院數理教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃惠美(民89)。臺北市中小學候用校長儲訓班課程評鑑。臺北市:臺北市教師研習中心。
黃嘉雄(民86)。從「Mentor」論實習輔導教師之角色。國民教育,37(4),23-27。
楊順南(民85)。認知學徒制與剖面圖在學校領導上之應用。教育研究雙月刊,47,56-65。
劉力為(民91)。比例單元的效益研究—結合認知學徒制、劇本與波利亞啟思法。臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
蔡秀媛(民89年5月)。初任校長導入輔導制度設計理念。國立台北師範學院主辦:現代教育論壇,國立台北師範學院。
蔡長艷、黃惠美、李柏圍(民91)。「師徒制實習」應用在候用校長儲訓課程之評估研究。教育資料與研究,45,80-87。
賴慧玲(民91)。英國初任校長領導與管理專業進修方案(HEADLAMP)應用於我國之調查研究。國立台北師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
謝謹如(民91)。「屋裡青山跳出來」-談情境學習。教育研究,10,189-198。
顏瓊芬、黃世傑(民89)。職前生物教師進行開放式科學探究過程之研究。科學教育,10,46-64。
二、英文部分
Ashburn, E. A., Mann, M., & Purdue, P. A. (1987, April). Teacher mentoring: ERIC clearinghouse on teacher education. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.
Bova, B. M., & Phillips, R. R. (1984). Mentoring as a learning experience for adults. Journal of Teacher Education, 35(3), 196-210.
Bush, T., & Coleman, M. (1995). Professional development for heads: The role of mentoring. Journal of Educational Administration, 33(5), 60-73.
Capasso, R. L., & Daresh, J. C. (2000). The school administrator internship handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Crowin.
Clutterbuck, R. (1987). Everybody needs a mentor. London: Institute Press.
Cohn, K. C., & Sweeney, R. C. (1992). Principal mentoring programs: Are school districts providing the leadership? Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1987). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the craft of reading, writing, and mathematics. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED284181)
Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship for disadvantaged students. In B. Means, C. Chelemer, & M. S. Knapp (Eds.), Teaching advanced skills to at-risk students (pp.216-243). San Francisco: Josseybass.
Cordeiro, P. A., & Smith, S. E. (1995, April). Apprenticeships for administrative interns: Learning to talk like a principal. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, California
Crow, G. M. (2002). School leader preparation: A short review of the knowledge base.
http://www.ncsl.org.uk/mediastor/image2/randd-gary-crow-paper.pdf
Crow, G. M., & Matthews, L. J. (1988). Finding one’s way: How mentoring can lead to dynamic leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Daresh, J. (2001). US School Administrator Development: Issues and a Plan for Improvement. A paper presented at International conference on School Leader Preparation, Licensure/Certification, Selection, Evaluation, and Professional Development on March 2-4, in Taipei, Taiwan.
Daresh, J. (2004). Mentoring school leaders: Professional promise or predictable problems? Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(4), 495-517.
Daresh, J. C., & Playko, M. A. (1993). Leaders helping leaders: A practical guide to administrative mentoring. New York: Scholastic.
Drake, T. L., & Roe, W. (1992). The Principalship. New York: Mavmillan.
Enrich, L. C., Hansford, B. C., & Tennent, L. (2004). Formal mentoring programs in education and other professions: A review of the literature. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40(4), 518-540.
Gartner, A., & Riessman, F. (1993). Peer-Tutoring: Toward a new model. ERIC Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Teaching and Teacher Education Washington DC. ED362506.
Hopkins-Thompson, P. A. (2000). Colleagues helping colleagues: mentoring and coaching. NASSP bulletin, 84(617), 29-36.
Husen, P. M. (1990). An innovative principal preparation program: A structural approach. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (Los Angeles, CA; August 12-17, 1990)
Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Lester, V. (1981). The learning dialogue: Mentoring: Education for student Development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
McIntyre, D., & Hagger, H. D. (1996). Mentoring: Challenges for the future. In D. McIntyre & H. Hagger (Ed), Mentors in schools. Developing the profession of teaching. London: David Fulton Publishers.
McLellan, H. (1996). Situated learning perspectives. Englewoodcliffs, New Jersey: Educational Technology Publication.
Monsour, F. (1998). Twenty recommendations for an administrative mentoring program. NASSP Bulletin, 82 (594), 96-100.
Peel, H. A., Wallace, C., Buckner, K. G., Wrenn, S. L., & Evans, R. (1998). Improving leadership preparation programs through a school, university, and professional organization partnership. NASSP Bulletin, 82(602), 26-34.
Snyder, K. J., & Anderson, R. H. (1986). Managing productive schools. Toward an ecology. Orlando: Academic Press.
Southworth, G. (1995). Reflections on mentoring for new school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration, 33(5), 17-28.
Walker, A., & Stott, K. (1993). Preparing for leadership in schools: The mentoring contribution. In B. J. Caldwell & E. M. A. Carter (Eds.), The return of the mentor: Strategies for workplace learning (pp.77-90). London: Falmer.
Wasden, D. (1988). The mentoring handbook. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University.
Zellner L., Jinkins D., Gideon B., Doughty S., & McNamara P. (2002). Saving the principal: The evolution of initiatives that made a difference in the recruitment and retention of school leadership. Paper presented for the 2002 AERA Annual Meeting.
Zey, M. G. (1984). The mentor connection. Homewood, IL: Dow-Jones Irwin.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
教育研究所
92152033
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0921520331
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳木金zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡易芷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蔡易芷zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:12:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:12:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:12:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0921520331en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33063-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 教育研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92152033zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討國民中小學師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力之間的關係。除探討國民中小學師傅校長教導課程內涵及其現況,瞭解背景變項在知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性得分的差異情形外,亦分析師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力指標之相關程度,並探討師傅校長教導課程對校長專業能力的預測情形。
本研究係以台北縣、台北市、宜蘭縣、基隆市四縣市之國民中小學校長、主任、組長為研究對象,以「師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力指標調查問卷」為工具進行研究,內含基本資料、師傅校長教導課程問卷及校長專業能力指標問卷三部分,具有良好的信度、效度。預試有效樣本137位,以因素分析、積差相關、信度分析,研究預試問卷的信度、效度;正式施測有效樣本536位,分別以描述分析、t考驗、變異數分析、積差相關分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析,並得到以下數項結論:
一、國民中小學校長、主任、組長在「師傅校長教導課程問卷」的總得分上,屬於中上程度,在各向度之得分中,以「化解衝突」最高;其次依序為「推動校務」、「瞭解學校」、「生涯發展」,最低則是「就任校長」;在「校長專業能力指標問卷」的總得分上,屬於中上程度,在各向度之得分中,以「行政管理」最高;其次依序為「校務發展」、「專業責任」、「公共關係」,最低則是「教學領導」。
二、背景變項中,學校層級及學校所在地在師傅校長教導課程問卷上,均具有顯著差異,性別、職務、服務年資則無顯著差異。
三、師傅校長教導課程問卷得分之低、中、高三組在校長專業能力及各向度上,均有顯著差異;同時,不論在「校長專業能力」或「校長專業能力各向度」的得分上,高分組均顯著優於中、低分組;中分組顯著優於低分組。
四、師傅校長教導課程及其各向度,與校長專業能力及其各向度間呈現出顯著的正相關,亦即知覺師傅校長教導課程之瞭解學校、就任校長、推動校務、化解衝突、生涯發展的重要性愈高,則對知覺校長專業能力之校務發展、行政管理、教學領導、公共關係、專業責任的重要性也愈高。
五、在探討師傅校長教導課程各向度中,以推動校務、化解衝突、瞭解學校及生涯發展四者對校長專業能力之聯合預測力最佳,尤以推動校務最具有預測力。
最後,本研究擬根據上述研究結果進行分析討論,以形成結論及建議,並提供教育行政機關、國民中小學校長及未來相關研究之參考。

關鍵字:認知學徒制、師傅校長、師傅教導、校長專業能力
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purposes of this study were to explore relationships between principal’s mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence in elementary schools and junior high schools. The fist was to explore the reality of principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence. Secondary, the researcher also investigated the differences of background variables among principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence. Thirdly, analyze the relationships among principals’ mentoring courses. Finally, explore predictive power of principals’ mentoring courses on principals` professional competence.
This study employed the survey method. The subjects were 536 principals and directors randomly sampled from 48 elementary schools and 32 junior high schools in Taipei City, Taipei County, Yilan County and Keelung City. Data were analyzed by using the method of descriptive and inferential statistics, including Frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Multiple stepwise regression analysis. The major findings were:
1. There is above average perception for principals’ mentoring courses and principals’ professional competence among the elementary and junior high school principals and directors.
2. Significant difference existed among the school level and school location for principals’ mentoring courses.
3. Significant difference existed among low, middle, and high perception of principals’ mentoring courses for principals` professional competence.
4. Significant positive correlation between principals’ mentoring courses and principals` professional competence.
5. In regression forecast of principals’ mentoring courses to principals` professional competence, especially the variable of school administration impetus the largest predictability.
Based on the results of this study, make some suggestions for the educational administration, elementary and junior high school principals and future studies.

Keywords: cognitive apprenticeship, mentor, mentoring, principals` professional competence
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dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒 論
第一節 研究動機與目的………………………………………………1
第二節 研究待答問題…………………………………………………4
第三節 重要名詞釋義…………………………………………………5
第四節 研究方法與步驟………………………………………………8
第五節 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………11

第二章 文獻探討
第一節 認知學徒制理論與相關研究分析……………………………13
第二節 師傅教導課程的理論與相關研究分析………………………21
第三節 校長專業能力與師傅教導課程………………………………33

第三章 研究設計與實施
第一節 研究架構………………………………………………………43
第二節 研究對象………………………………………………………45
第三節 研究工具………………………………………………………50
第四節 實施程序………………………………………………………66
第五節 資料處理………………………………………………………68

第四章 研究結果與討論
第一節 知覺師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力重要性之現況分析
…………………………………………………………………71
第二節 不同背景變項的研究對象在知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性
差異情形之現況分析…………………………………………82
第三節 知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性之不同程度在校長專業能力
看法的差異分析………………………………………………92
第四節 知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性與對校長專業能力看法之相
關分析…………………………………………………………109
第五節 知覺師傅校長教導課程重要性對校長專業能力看法之預測
情形……………………………………………………………114
第六節 綜合討論………………………………………………………120

第五章 結論與建議
第一節 結論……………………………………………………………129
第二節 建議……………………………………………………………135

參考書目
中文部份…………………………………………………………………141
英文部份…………………………………………………………………145

附錄
附錄一:焦點座談會會議紀錄…………………………………………149
附錄二:訪談摘要紀錄…………………………………………………155
附錄三:師傅校長教導課程與校長專業能力指標問卷………………163
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0921520331en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知學徒制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 師傅校長zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 師傅教導zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 校長專業能力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cognitive apprenticeshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mentoren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) mentoringen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) principals` professional competenceen_US
dc.title (題名) 國民中小學師傅校長教導課程對校長專業能力之影響研究--以認知學徒制理論為觀點zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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