Publications-Theses

題名 組織表現歷史、和解與防衛策略及回應一致性對組織形象修復之效果研究
作者 張硯迪
貢獻者 黃懿慧
張硯迪
關鍵詞 組織表現歷史
和解
防衛
一致性
效果研究
公共關係
危機
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:32:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 台灣地區的公共關係學界相當缺乏效果研究之文獻,故本研究嘗試以實驗法進行危機溝通之效果研究。本研究採2(組織表現歷史的正/負)X 2(和解/防衛策略)X 2(回應的一致/不一致)三因子受試者間設計。研究發現,組織表現歷史的正/負,在組織遭遇危機時對於,組織聲譽會有很大的影響,擁有越正面的組織表現,則組織越易修復形象;另外,當組織分為兩階段回應時,第二階段的回應策略,將對組織聲譽產生較大的影響;回應的一致性之主效果在本研究中則為產生顯著影響。

除了三自變項的主效果外,本研究亦探討變項間之交互作用,研究發現組織表現歷史將調節第一階段的和解/防衛策略對組織聲譽的影響,此外,組織表現歷史也會調節回應一致性效果對於組織聲譽的影響。
參考文獻 一、 中文參考文獻
祝建華(2001):《中文傳播研究之理論化與本土化:以受眾及媒介效果的整合理論為例》,新聞學研究第六十八期,頁1-22。
蘇世欣(2002):《企業危機溝通管理初探-以台灣企業公關業務負責人調查為例》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
別蓮蒂(2003):《消費者認知的廠商移轉能力、產品製造困難度與品牌聯想 對品牌延伸合適性的影響》,台灣管理學刊第三卷,第二期,頁65-84。
朱慧君(2003):《情境、形象修護策略與策略效果之關聯性研究-以男性政治人物性醜聞為例》,私立世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
林正峰、鄭呈皇(2006):《道歉的力量》,商業周刊,975,頁80-97。
二、英文參考文獻
Arias-Bolzmann Leopoldo, Chakraborty Goutam and Mowen John C., “Effects of absurdity in advertising: The moderating role of product category attitude and the mediating role of cognitive responses.” Journal of Advertising, Spring 2000. Vol. 29, Iss. 1; pp. 35-54
Barton, L. (1993). Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co.
Boulding, K.E.(1977). The image: Knowledge in life and society. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press.
Burgoon, J. K. (1978). “A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test.” Human Communication Research, 4, pp. 129-142.
Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). “Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors.” Communication Monographs, 55, pp. 58-79.
Carney, Ann &Jorden, Amy(1993), “Prepare for business-related crises.” The Public Relations Journal, New York: Aug, Vol. 49, Iss. 8; pp. 34-35
Clark, R. A, & Delia, J.(1979), ” Topoi and rhetorical competence.” The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 65, pp. 187-206.
Cline, Thomas W., Altsech, Moses B and Kellaris James J.( 2003), “When does humor enhance or inhibit AD responses?: The moderating role of the need for humor.” Journal of Advertising, Fall, Vol. 32, Iss. 3; pp. 31-45
Coombs, W. Timothy,(1995) “Choosing the right words: The development of guidelines for the selection of the “appropriate” crisis response strategies.” Management Communication Quarterly , 8, pp. 447-476.
Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay Sherry J. (1996), “Communications and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication.” Journal of Public Relations Research 8 (4), pp. 279-295.
Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay Sherry J. (1996), “Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. ” Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, November, pp. 165-186
Coombs, W. Timothy,(1998) “An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation.” Journal of Public Relations Research , 10(3): pp. 177-191.
Coombs, W. Timothy (1999), “Information and compassion in crisis responses: A test of their effects. ” Journal of Public Relations Research 11 (2): pp. 125-142.
Coombs, W. T. (1999), Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and
Responding. CA: Sage.
Coombs, W. Timothy and Schmidt Lainen (2000), “An empirical analysis of image restoration: Texaco’s racism crisis.” Journal of Public Relations Research 12 (2): pp. 163-178.
Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay, Sherry J. (2001), “An extended examination of the crisis situation: A fusion of the relational management and symbolic approaches.” Journal of Public Relations Research 12, pp.321-340
Dunn, Paul(2000), “The importance of consistency in establishing cognitive-based trust: A laboratory experiment.” Teaching Business Ethics, Vol. 4, Iss. 3; pp. 285-306
Gabarro, John(1978), “The development of trust influence and expectations. ” in Anthony Athos and John Gabarro (eds.), Interpersonal Behavior: Communication and Understanding in Relationships, Pren- Hall Inc.
Griffin, E.(1994). A first look at communication theory (2nd ed). St. Louis: McGraw-Hill.
Griffin, M. , Babin, B. J. , & Attaway, J. S. (1991). “ An empirical investigation of the impact of negative public publicity on consumer attitudes and intentions.” Advances in Consumer Research, 18, pp. 334-341
Grunig, J.E. (1993). “ Image and substance: From symbolic to behavioral relationships.” Public Relations Review, 19, pp. 121-140.
Huang Yi-Hui, Lin Ying-Hsuan and Su Shih-Hsin, “Crisis communicative strategies in Taiwan: Category, continuum, and cultural implication.” Public Relations Review, 31, 2005, pp.229-238
Kelly, H. H. (1967), Attribution theory in social psychology. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. David Levine, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Lerbinger, O. (1997), The Crisis Manager: Facing Risk and Responsibility. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Marcus, A. A., & Goodman, R.S. (1991), “Victims and shareholders: The dilemmas of presenting corporate policy during a crisis.” Academy of Management Journal, 34, pp. 281-305.
McAuley, E., Duncan, T. E., Russell, D. W. (1992), “Measuring Causal attributions: The revised causal dimension scale (CDII)” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, pp.566-573.
McCroskey, J.C. (1966), “Scales for the Measurement of Ethos”, Speech Monographs, (33), pp.65-72.
McLauglin, M. L., Cody, M. J., & O’Hair, H.D., (1983), “The management of failure events: some contextual determinants of accounting behavior.” Human Communication Research, 9, pp.208-224
Morgan O`Rourke (2004), “Protecting your reputation”, Risk Management. Vol.51, Iss. 4, pp.14-17
Raghubir, P., & Corfman, K. P. (1999), “When do price promotions affect pretrial brand evaluations. ” Journal of Marketing Research, 36(May), pp.211-222
Roberta Maynard (1993), “Handling a crisis effectively.” Nations Business; 81, 12; pp.54-55
Roberta Maynard (1993), “Handling a crisis effectively.” Nations Business; 81, 12; pp.54-55
Ruth Julie A. and York Anne (2004), ”Framing information to enhance corporate reputation: The impact of message source, information type, and reference point.” Journal of Business Research, 57, pp.14-20
Sallot, Lynne M. (2002), “What the public thinks about public relations: An impression management experiment.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly; Spring ; 79, 1; ABI/INFORM Global, pp.150-171.
Siomkos, George J., Malliaris, Peter G.(1992), “Consumer response to company communications during a product harm crisis.” Journal of Applied Business Research; Vol.8, Iss. 4; pp. 59-65
Shin, J.H.(2004), Contingency theory. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public relations (pp. 191-193). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Welch, R. B., & Warren, D. H. (1980), “Immediate perceptual response to
intersensory discrepancy.” Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), pp. 638-667.
三、網路資料
<大學生16.9%服提神解勞劑 33%喝酒47%有傷心事怎麼啦﹖
國防醫學院調查結果:知識水準高的大學生反較不具健康觀念>,聯合知識庫(1992年3月9日),上網日期:2006年4月31日,取自http://udndata.com/library/
<從“雀巢奶粉事件”看危機公關中的新聞媒體>,新華網(2005年10月31日),上網日期:2006年4月31日,取自http:// www.XINHUANET.com
<危機處理能力也是對手的競爭門檻>(商業周刊,882期)
上網日期:2006年6月25日,取自
http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/webfineprint.php?id=19130
<Media到ME-dia!>(Udn行銷創意家)
上網日期:2006年6月26日,取自
http://210.244.31.151/CAMPAIGN/market/200603/inpage950303.html
<第一時間提出有效可行對策!>全球華文行銷知識庫(2006年6月20日),
上網日期:2006年6月25日,取自
http://marketing.chinatimes.com/ItemDetailPage/MainContent/05MediaContent.aspx?MMMediaType=business_management&MMContentNoID=27768
Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved April, 1, 2006, from
http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50047916?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=consistency&first=1&max_to_show=10
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
93452006
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093452006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃懿慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張硯迪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張硯迪zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:32:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:32:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:32:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093452006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33118-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 廣告研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93452006zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台灣地區的公共關係學界相當缺乏效果研究之文獻,故本研究嘗試以實驗法進行危機溝通之效果研究。本研究採2(組織表現歷史的正/負)X 2(和解/防衛策略)X 2(回應的一致/不一致)三因子受試者間設計。研究發現,組織表現歷史的正/負,在組織遭遇危機時對於,組織聲譽會有很大的影響,擁有越正面的組織表現,則組織越易修復形象;另外,當組織分為兩階段回應時,第二階段的回應策略,將對組織聲譽產生較大的影響;回應的一致性之主效果在本研究中則為產生顯著影響。

除了三自變項的主效果外,本研究亦探討變項間之交互作用,研究發現組織表現歷史將調節第一階段的和解/防衛策略對組織聲譽的影響,此外,組織表現歷史也會調節回應一致性效果對於組織聲譽的影響。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章、緖論.......................................................................................1
第一節 研究緣起...................................................................... 1
第二節 研究目的.......................................................................5
第貳章、文獻探考..............................................................................11
第一節 組織表現歷史.............................................................12
第二節 「和解」與「防衛」策略 .......................................14
第三節 回應一致性…….........................................................20
第四節 共變項-其他可能影響組織形象修復的因子
....................................................................................................22
第五節 形象修復效果的測量..................................................26
第六節 研究假設......................................................................28
第叁章、研究設計...............................................................................33
第肆章、結果與分析...........................................................................45
第一節 前測...............................................................................45
第二節 量表信度檢測..............................................................47
第三節 假設驗證......................................................................50
第伍章、結論........................................................................................71
第一節 主要發現與討論..........................................................71
第二節 研究限制.......................................................................80
第三節 研究貢獻.......................................................................82
第四節 未來研究與建議...........................................................84
參考文獻................................................................................................86
附錄........................................................................................................92
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093452006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織表現歷史zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 和解zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 防衛zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一致性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 效果研究zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 危機zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 組織表現歷史、和解與防衛策略及回應一致性對組織形象修復之效果研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 中文參考文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 祝建華(2001):《中文傳播研究之理論化與本土化:以受眾及媒介效果的整合理論為例》,新聞學研究第六十八期,頁1-22。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇世欣(2002):《企業危機溝通管理初探-以台灣企業公關業務負責人調查為例》,世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 別蓮蒂(2003):《消費者認知的廠商移轉能力、產品製造困難度與品牌聯想 對品牌延伸合適性的影響》,台灣管理學刊第三卷,第二期,頁65-84。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 朱慧君(2003):《情境、形象修護策略與策略效果之關聯性研究-以男性政治人物性醜聞為例》,私立世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林正峰、鄭呈皇(2006):《道歉的力量》,商業周刊,975,頁80-97。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文參考文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arias-Bolzmann Leopoldo, Chakraborty Goutam and Mowen John C., “Effects of absurdity in advertising: The moderating role of product category attitude and the mediating role of cognitive responses.” Journal of Advertising, Spring 2000. Vol. 29, Iss. 1; pp. 35-54zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barton, L. (1993). Crisis in Organizations: Managing and Communicating in the Heat of Chaos. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boulding, K.E.(1977). The image: Knowledge in life and society. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burgoon, J. K. (1978). “A communication model of personal space violations: Explication and an initial test.” Human Communication Research, 4, pp. 129-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). “Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors.” Communication Monographs, 55, pp. 58-79.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carney, Ann &Jorden, Amy(1993), “Prepare for business-related crises.” The Public Relations Journal, New York: Aug, Vol. 49, Iss. 8; pp. 34-35zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, R. A, & Delia, J.(1979), ” Topoi and rhetorical competence.” The Quarterly Journal of Speech, 65, pp. 187-206.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cline, Thomas W., Altsech, Moses B and Kellaris James J.( 2003), “When does humor enhance or inhibit AD responses?: The moderating role of the need for humor.” Journal of Advertising, Fall, Vol. 32, Iss. 3; pp. 31-45zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy,(1995) “Choosing the right words: The development of guidelines for the selection of the “appropriate” crisis response strategies.” Management Communication Quarterly , 8, pp. 447-476.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay Sherry J. (1996), “Communications and attributions in a crisis: An experimental study in crisis communication.” Journal of Public Relations Research 8 (4), pp. 279-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay Sherry J. (1996), “Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets. ” Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2, November, pp. 165-186zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy,(1998) “An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation.” Journal of Public Relations Research , 10(3): pp. 177-191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy (1999), “Information and compassion in crisis responses: A test of their effects. ” Journal of Public Relations Research 11 (2): pp. 125-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. T. (1999), Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Responding. CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy and Schmidt Lainen (2000), “An empirical analysis of image restoration: Texaco’s racism crisis.” Journal of Public Relations Research 12 (2): pp. 163-178.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coombs, W. Timothy and Holladay, Sherry J. (2001), “An extended examination of the crisis situation: A fusion of the relational management and symbolic approaches.” Journal of Public Relations Research 12, pp.321-340zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dunn, Paul(2000), “The importance of consistency in establishing cognitive-based trust: A laboratory experiment.” Teaching Business Ethics, Vol. 4, Iss. 3; pp. 285-306zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gabarro, John(1978), “The development of trust influence and expectations. ” in Anthony Athos and John Gabarro (eds.), Interpersonal Behavior: Communication and Understanding in Relationships, Pren- Hall Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Griffin, E.(1994). A first look at communication theory (2nd ed). St. Louis: McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Griffin, M. , Babin, B. J. , & Attaway, J. S. (1991). “ An empirical investigation of the impact of negative public publicity on consumer attitudes and intentions.” Advances in Consumer Research, 18, pp. 334-341zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grunig, J.E. (1993). “ Image and substance: From symbolic to behavioral relationships.” Public Relations Review, 19, pp. 121-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huang Yi-Hui, Lin Ying-Hsuan and Su Shih-Hsin, “Crisis communicative strategies in Taiwan: Category, continuum, and cultural implication.” Public Relations Review, 31, 2005, pp.229-238zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kelly, H. H. (1967), Attribution theory in social psychology. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. David Levine, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lerbinger, O. (1997), The Crisis Manager: Facing Risk and Responsibility. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marcus, A. A., & Goodman, R.S. (1991), “Victims and shareholders: The dilemmas of presenting corporate policy during a crisis.” Academy of Management Journal, 34, pp. 281-305.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McAuley, E., Duncan, T. E., Russell, D. W. (1992), “Measuring Causal attributions: The revised causal dimension scale (CDII)” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, pp.566-573.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McCroskey, J.C. (1966), “Scales for the Measurement of Ethos”, Speech Monographs, (33), pp.65-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McLauglin, M. L., Cody, M. J., & O’Hair, H.D., (1983), “The management of failure events: some contextual determinants of accounting behavior.” Human Communication Research, 9, pp.208-224zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morgan O`Rourke (2004), “Protecting your reputation”, Risk Management. Vol.51, Iss. 4, pp.14-17zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raghubir, P., & Corfman, K. P. (1999), “When do price promotions affect pretrial brand evaluations. ” Journal of Marketing Research, 36(May), pp.211-222zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roberta Maynard (1993), “Handling a crisis effectively.” Nations Business; 81, 12; pp.54-55zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roberta Maynard (1993), “Handling a crisis effectively.” Nations Business; 81, 12; pp.54-55zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ruth Julie A. and York Anne (2004), ”Framing information to enhance corporate reputation: The impact of message source, information type, and reference point.” Journal of Business Research, 57, pp.14-20zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sallot, Lynne M. (2002), “What the public thinks about public relations: An impression management experiment.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly; Spring ; 79, 1; ABI/INFORM Global, pp.150-171.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Siomkos, George J., Malliaris, Peter G.(1992), “Consumer response to company communications during a product harm crisis.” Journal of Applied Business Research; Vol.8, Iss. 4; pp. 59-65zh_TW
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