Publications-Theses

題名 2005年縣長與縣市議員選舉候選人網站與部落格分析
An Analysis and Critique of 2005 Taiwan Candidate Websites and Blogs
作者 黃毓茹
貢獻者 鄭自隆
黃毓茹
關鍵詞 政治傳播
競選網站
部落格
選舉
內容分析
深度訪談
political communication
camaign website
blog
election
content analysis
in-depth interciew
日期 2005
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:35:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要以2005年縣市長與縣市議員選舉為研究對象,增補過去網站評估指標之不足,以重新建構之親切性、互動性、資訊性、工具性、連結性、動員性、與涉入性七大指標,先以「內容分析法」針對候選人競選網站之呈現與候選人角色進行比較分析,探究選舉類型、候選人特質、政黨等因素在網站表現上是否呈現差異;其次,針對台北縣長候選人競選網站與部落格,「深度訪談」其建置者,比照北縣長候選人網站與部落格實際表現情形。

研究發現,「選舉類型」與「政黨類別」是影響網站表現的二個因素,縣市長候選人網站在親切性、資訊性表現均較縣市議員精彩;此外,候選人網站與部落格的表現出之差異與特色如下:一、政治性的網站,去政治化的部落格;二、部落格文章多以感性、正面為主;三、部落格較具候選人個人化色彩;四、候選人網站與部落格均以直接形象呈現為主;五、候選人部落格超連結運用情形仍未普遍;六、線上捐款尚未盛行。

本研究並發現,候選人部落格(Candidate Blog)普遍具有混雜(hybrid)的特質, 因此不適用於過去部落格之「非個人即議題」或「非議題即個人」全然武斷的劃分,建議後續在探討部落格時,應視「候選人部落格」為一獨立子題予以討論。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
王石番(1991)。《傳播內容分析法:理論與實證》。台北:幼獅出版社。
王泰俐(2003a)。〈誰的互動性網站?從2000年和2002年選舉看台灣政治網站互動性概念的演進〉,《新聞學研究》,77: 107-142。
王泰俐(2003b)。〈網路政治傳播的互動效果〉,《選舉研究》,10(2): 93-134。
王唯至(2004)。《網站介面設計之評估指標研究-以2004年總統大選候選人競選網站為例》。文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
余紹逖(1997)。《網際網路於政府公共關係之運用及分析-以行政院新聞局WWW為例》。「海峽兩岸公共關係學術暨實務研討會」。台北:世新大學主辦。
吳筱玫(2003)。《網路傳播概論》。台北:智勝文化。
李宜璇(2002)。《候選人競選網站的選戰策略-以2002年台北市長選舉為例》。銘傳大學公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
周慧玲(1998)。《網路政治行銷策略之研究-以 1997 年底國、民兩黨縣市長候選人之網站為例》。淡江大眾傳播學系傳播研究所碩士論文。
林靜伶、吳宜蓁、黃懿慧(1996)。《公共關係》。台北:空中大學。
施瑞瑄(2006)。《誰沒部落格》。台北:商周。(原書Cyril Fiévet & Emily Turrettini[2004], Blog Story. Paris: Editions d`Organisation)
洪雅慧(2001)。〈候選人網站「資訊提供」與「使用可親近性」之滿意度比較-以公元2000年總統大選為例〉,《廣告學研究》,17: 83-104。
胡幼偉(1999)。〈網路選舉資訊使用者素描:社會背景、政治參與及傳播行為多面向的觀察〉,《理論與政策》,51: 65-87。
胡佛(1998)。《政治參與與選舉行為》。台北:三民書局。
孫秀蕙(1996)。〈選民的傳播型態對政治行為的影響:以1996年總統大選為例〉,《選舉研究》,3(2): 71-106。
徐良容(2001)。《網際網路對選舉之影響─以我國公元兩千年總統選舉之總統競選網站為例》。台灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。
耿慶瑞(2000)。〈WWW互動廣告之互動層次〉,《廣告學研究》,15: 161-181。
張世熒、李宜璇(2003年12月)。〈候選人競選網站的功能性分析-2002年台北市長選舉個案研究〉,「世局變動中的台灣政治學術研討會」,台灣政治學會及東吳大學政治學系主辦,台北市士林。
張志偉(2000)。《網路民主》。台北:商周。(原書Morris, D.[1999], Vote.com. Los Angeles: Renaissance)
張卿卿(2002)。〈競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,70: 135-165。
張銘昆(2004)。《2004年總統大選網路運用與使用之初探分析》。政治大學新聞學系研究所碩士論文。
莊伯仲(1995) 。《候選人電視辯論與電視政見發表會訊息之內容分析-1994年台北市長選舉之個案研究》。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
莊伯仲(2000)。〈網路選戰在台灣-1998 年三合一大選個案研究〉,《廣告學研究》,14: 31-52。
莊伯仲(2005)。〈2004年總統大選國民黨網路選戰策略-行動研究法之觀點〉,《選舉研究》,12(2): 79-109。
莊伯仲、鄭自隆(1996)。〈競選文宣新媒介-台灣政治性資訊網路現況研究(1995)〉,《廣告學研究》,7: 85-119。
陳芸芸譯(2001)。《最新大眾傳播理論》。台北:韋伯文化。(原書McQuail, D. [2000]. Mass communication theory: An introduction(4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.)。
陳建勳譯(2005)。《草根媒體-部落格傳奇》。台北:歐萊禮。(原書Gillmor, D. [2004]. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol, CA: O`Reilly.)
陳彥豪(1995)。《將你的心情接在我的線上-電腦資訊網路上的「電子報」業初探》。台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
陳詩蘋(2000)。《政治人物網站呈現及其回饋機制之研究-以第四屆立法委員網站為例》。中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。
彭芸(2001)。《新媒介與政治:理論與實證》。台北:五南。
彭懷恩(2005)。《競選傳播》。台北:風雲論壇。
曾萬(2000)。《選戰勝經》。台北:生活智庫。
黃光玉、劉念夏、陳清文譯(2004)。《媒介傳播研究方法:質化與量化研究途徑》。台北:風雲論壇。(原書Berger, A. A. [2000], Media and communication research methods: an introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.)
黃俊卿(2001)。《Web Design設計實務-徹底研究》。台北:麥格羅.希爾。(原書Powell, T. A.[2000], Web Design: the Complete Reference. Osborne: McGraw-Hill)
劉美琪(2004)。《行銷傳播概論》。台北:雙葉書廊。
鄭自隆(2000)。〈二○○○年總統大選候選人網站分析〉,銘傳大學傳播學院「二○○○年傳播管理學術研討會」論文。
鄭自隆(2004a)。《競選傳播與台灣社會》。台北:揚智。
鄭自隆(2004b)。《台灣競選數位化媒介之應用》。「銘傳大學數位媒體的發展與再造研討會」,台北:市士林。
鄭自隆(2002)。〈二○○一年立法委員與縣市長選舉競選文宣觀察〉,《中華民國廣告年鑑》,14: 96-106。台北:台北市廣告代理商同業公會。
鄭陸霖、林鶴玲(2001)。〈社會運動在網際網路上的展現:台灣社會運動網站的聯網分析〉,《台灣社會學》,2: 55-96。
藝力協(2003)。《Blog:部落格線上出版、網路日誌實作》。台北:上奇科技。
蘇永耀(2005年10月26日)。〈總統府設置憲改部落格〉,《自由時報》,第六版。
二、外文部分
Auer, J. J. (1962). The counterfeit debates. In S. Kraus (Ed.), The Great Debates: Background, Perspective, Effect(pp.142-150). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Austin, E. W., & Pinkleton, B. E. (1995). Positive and negative effects of political disaffection on the less experienced voter. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39, 215-235.
Babbie, E. (1998). The practice of social research (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Bailey, J. E. & Pearson, S. W. (1983). Development of a tool for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction. Management Science, 29, 530-545.
Barcus, F. E. (1959). Communications Content: Analysis of the Research 1900-1958 (A content analysis of content. analysis). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
Benoit, W. L., McHale, J. P., Hansen, G., Pier, P. M., & McGuire, J. P. (2003). Campaign 2000: A functional analysis of presidential campaign discourse. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Bernard, B. (1952). Content Analysis in Communication Research, New York: Free
Press.
Berthon, P., Lane, N., Pitt, L., & Watson, R.T.(1998).The world wide web as an industrial marketing communication tool: Models for the identification and assessment of opportunities, Journal of Marketing Management, 14(2), 691-704.
Bimber, B., & Davis, R. (2003). Campaigning online: The internet in U.S. elections. New York: Oxford University Press.
Blood, R. (2002a). Introduction. In J. Rodzvilla (Ed.), We`ve Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture (pp. ix-xiii). Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing.
Blood, R. (2002b). The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.
Blumler, Jay G., & Kavanagh D. (1999). The third age of political communication: influences and features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209-30.
Bordewijk, J. L. & Kaan, Van. B. (1986). Towars a new classification of tele-information services. McQuail’s Readers in Mass Communication Theory. Oxford: Sage.
Bowers-Brown, J., & Gunter, B. (2002). Political parties use of the web during the 2001 general election, Asia Proceedings, 54(3), 166-176.
Conger, S., & Mason, R. (1998). Planning and Designing Effective Web Sites, USA: International Thomson Publishing Company.
Connell, M. (1998). Internet survival guide: Designing lively web sites. Campaigns and Elections, 18(9), 64-68.
Craig, S. C., Niemi, R. G., & Silver, G. E. (1990). Political efficacy and trust: A report on the NES pilot study items. Political Behavior, 12(3), 289-314.
Cullen, R., & Houghton, C. (2000). Democracy online: an assessment of New Zealand government Websites. Government Information Quarterly, 17(3), 243-267.
Davis, R. (1999). The web of politics: The Internet`s Impact on the American Political System. New York, Oxford University Press.
Davis, R., & Owen, D. (1998). New media and American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Devlin, L. P. (1997). Contrast in presidential campaign commercials of 1996, American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1058-1084.
Devlin, L. P. (2001). Contrast in presidential campaign commercials of 2000, American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 2338-2369.
Diamond, E., & Bates, S. (1992). The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television, 3d ed., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Dulio, D. A., Donald, L. G., & James A. T.(1999). Untangled Web: Internet Use During the 1998 Election. PS: Political Science and Politics, 32 (1), 53-58.
Eighmey, J. (1997). Profiling User Responses to Commercial Web Sites, Journal of Advertising Research, 37(2), 59-66.
Foot, K. A. (2002). Online action in campaign 2000: an exploratory analysis of the U.S. political web sphere. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46 (2), 222-238.
Ghose, S., & Dou, W. (1998). Interactive functions and their impacts on the appeal of Internet presence sites. Journal of Advertising Research, 38 (2), 29-43.
Gibson, R., & Ward, S. (2000). A proposed methodology for studying the function and effectiveness of party and candidate Websites. Social Science Computer Review, 18(3), 301-319.
Herring, S. C., Kouper, I., Paolillo, J. C., Scheidt, L. A., Tyworth, M., Welsch, P., Wright, E., & Yu, N. (2005). Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis “From the Bottom Up. In Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS`05), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. (2004). Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS`04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.
Hill, K. A., & Hughes, J. E. (1998). Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia computer-mediated environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 603, 50-69.
Ireland, E., & Nash, P. T. (2001). Winning Campaigns Online: Strategies for Candidates and Cause(2nd ed.). Bethesda, ML: Campaign Advantage..
Jacques, W. W., & Ratzan, S. C. (1997). The internet’s world wide web and political accountability: new media coverage of the 1996 presidential debates, American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1226-1237.
Jamieson, K. H. (1987). Television, presidential campaigns, and debates. In J. L. Swerdlow (Ed.), Presidential debates 1988 and beyond(pp.27-33). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc..
Johnson-Cartee, K. S., & Copeland, G. A. (1991). Negative Political Advertising: Coming of Age. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Kaid, L. L. (2002). Political advertising and information seeking: Comparing the exposure via traditional and Internet media channels. Journal of Advertising, XXXI (Spring), 27-35.
Kaid, L. L. (2005). Political advertising in the 2004 election: Comparison of traditional television and internet messages. The American Behavioral Scientist, 49(2), 265-278.
Kaid, L. L., & Holtz-Bacha, C. (1993). Audience reactions to televised political programs: An experimental study of the 1990 German national election. European Journal of Communication, 8, 77-99.
Kaid, LL (Ed.) (2004). Handbook of political communication research. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Kamarck, E. C. (1999). Campaigning on the Internet in the elections of 1998. In E. C. Kamarck & J. S. Nye (Eds.), Democracy.com?: Governance in a networked world (pp. 99-123). Hollis, NH: Hollis Publishing.
Kerlinger, F. N. (1979). Behavioral Research: A Conceptual Approach, Philadelphia, PA: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Inc.
Kern, M. (1997), Social capital and citizen interpretation of political ads, news, and web site information in the 1996 presidential elections,” American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1238-1249.
Klineneberg, E., & Perrin, A. (1996). The 1996 Presidential Campaign on the Web, Berkley, CA: University of California at Berkley.
Klotz, R. (1997). Positive Spin: Senate campaigning on the web, PS: Political Science and Politics, 30(3), 482-486.
Krishnamurthy, S. (2002, October). The Multidimensionality of Blog Conversations: The Virtual Enactment of September 11. Paper presented at Internet Research 3.0, NL: Maastricht.
Langham, D. (1994). The common place MOO: Quality and literacy in virtual reality. Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, 3, 7.
Leighley, J. E. (1995). Attitudes, opportunities, and Incentives: a Field essay on political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 48, 181-209.
Margolis, M., & Resnick, D. (2000). Politics as usual: The cyberspace revolution. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Margolis, M., David, R., & Tu Chin-Chang. (1997). Campaigning on the Internet: Parties and Candidates on the Work Wide Web in the 1996 Primary Season. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2(1), 59-78.
Martin, B. (1995). The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age, Canada: Viking Penguin.
McMillan, S. J. (2002). Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: Users, documents, and systems. In L. Lievrouw&S. Livingston (Eds.), Handbook of new media (pp. 162–182). London: Sage.
Newhagen, J., & Rafaeli, S. (1996). Why communication researchers should study the Internet: A dialogue. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 4-13.
Norris, P. (2000). A Virtuous Circle, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Owen D., Davis, R., & Strickler, V. J. (1999). Congress and the Internet. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 4(2), 10-29.
Paisley, W. J. (1969). Studying ‘style’ as deviation from encoding norms. In: Gerbner, G., Holsti, O.R., Krippendorff, K., Paisley, W.J., Stone, P.J. (Eds.), The Analysis of Communication Content: Development in Scientific Theories and Computer Techniques. New York: Wiley.
Perlmutter, D. D., & Reavy, M. (1998). Presidential web sites as sources of information: the next knowledge gap in the making? Journal of electronic communication, 7(3).
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Pinkleton, B. E., & Austin, E. W. (1998). Media and participation: Breaking the spiral of disaffection. In T. J. Johnson, C. E. Hays & S. P. Hays (Eds.), Engaging the Public: How Government and the Media Can Reinvigorate American Democracy (pp. 75-86).Boulder, Co: Rowman & Littlefield.
Rachel, G., & Stephen, W. (2000, Fall). A proposed methodology for studying the function and effectiveness of party and candidate web sites. Social Science Computer Review, 18(3), 300-319.
Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: from new media to communication. In R. Hawkins, J. Weimann, & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing communication science: Merging mass and interpersonal process (pp. 124-181). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Raney, R. F. (1998, October 28). Candidates in tight races turn to web, survey finds. New York Times, Cyber Time.
Roper, J. (1998).New Zealand political parties online: the WWW as a tool for democratization or for political marketing? In Chris, T. (eds.), The Politics of Cyberspace. New York and London: Routledge.
Rosenfeld, L., & Morville, P. (1998).Information architecture for the World Wide Web, Sebastopol, California: O`Reilly.
Scoble, R., & Israel, S. (2006). Naked Conversation: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Severin, W. J., & Tankard, J. W. (2000). Communication theories: Origins, methods and uses in the mass media. NY: Longman.
Smolkin, R. (2004). The Expanding Blogoshpere. American Journalism Review, 26(3), 38-43.
Stephen, W., & Rachel, G. (2003). On-line and on message? Candidate websites in the 2001 General Election. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5(2), 188-205.
Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42, 73-93.
Stone, B. (1996, November). Politics ’96. Internet World, 7, 44-50.
Stromer-Galley, J.(2000). On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It. Journal of Communication, 50(4), 111-132
Trammell, K. D. (2004). Celebrity blogs: Investigation in the persuasive nature of two-way communication regarding politics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.
Trammell, K. D. (2005, November). Year of the Blog: Webstyle Analysis of the 2004 Presidential Candidate Blog Posts. Paper presented in the Political Communication Division, National Communication Association annual conference, Chicago, IL.
Trammell, K. D., Williams, A. P., Postelnicu, M. & Landreville, K. D. (2006). Evolution of online campaigning: Increasing interactivity in candidate web sites and blogs through text and technical features. Mass Communication & Society, 9(1), 21–44.
Trippi, J. (2004). The Revolution Will not be Televised. New York: HarperCollins.
Verba, S., & Nie N. H.. (1972). Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper and Row.
Verba, S., Nie, N. H., & Kim, J. (1978). Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Walizer, M., & Wienir, P. L. (1978). Research methods and analysis: Searching for relationships. New York: Harper & Row.
Wang, T. L. (2002). Whose interactive channel? The definitions of web interactivity in Taiwan’s 2000 Presidential Election online campaigns. Asian Journal of Communication, 12(2), 50-78.
Weaver, D., & Drew, D. (1995). Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the "nontraditional" media and debates matter? Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72, 7-17.
West, D. M. (1997). Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns 1552-1996 (2nd ed.). Washington, D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Press.
Whillock, R. K. (1998). Digital democracy: The `96 presidential election on-line. In R. E. Denton (ed.), The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics. New York: John Wiley.
Williams, F., Rice, R. E. & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Research methods and the new media. New York: Free Press.
Wimmer, Roger D., & Dominick, Joseph R. (1987). Field research and Related Research Methods. Mass Media Research: An Introduction, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing.
Xenos, M., & Foot, K. A. (2005). Politics as usual, or politics unusual? Position taking and dialogue on campaign websites in the 2002 US elections. Journal of Communication, 55(1), 169-185.
Yates, S. J., & Perrone, J. L. (1998, March). Politics on the web. Paper presented in Internet Research and Information for Social Scientists (IRISS) Conference, Bristol, UK.
Yiannakis, Diana E. (1982). House members communication styles: Newsletters and press releases. The Journal of Politics, 44(4), 1049-1071.
Yin, R. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing.
Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), 341-352.
Zito, G.. V. ( 1975). Sociological Concepts, Columbus, Ohio: A Bell & Howell Company.
三、線上資料
〈「部落格使用意見調查」研究報告(二)〉(2005)。上網日期:2005年11月6日,取自:創世紀市場研究顧問網頁:http://www.insightxplorer.com/news/news_04_28_05.html
〈「部落格使用意見調查」研究報告〉(2005)。上網日期:2006年5月21日,取自:創市際市場研究顧問:http://www.insightxplorer.com/specialtopic/blog_1031_05.html
〈2004年美國總統大選的幾個主要特點〉(2004年3月25日)。上網日期:2006年5月30日,取自:學習時報社:http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/694504.htm
〈網路人口特性〉(2005)。上網日期:2005年11月10日,取自:創世紀市場研究顧問網頁:http://www.insightxplorer.com/specialtopic/crossmedia_1_2.html
方興東 、姜旭平、 關志成(2004)。〈博客(blog)作為媒體開放源代碼的理論研究—博客(blog)與自由軟體發展機制的對比〉,39。取自http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/39/39-01.htm
方興東(2004)。〈中國博客教父方興東:博客的自律與他律〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/wenhua/27296/2343597.html
方興東、王俊秀(2003)。〈博客塑造歷史的五個里程碑〉。上網日期:2006年4月2日,取自http://www.qglt.com/bbs/ReadFile?whichfile=2065&typeid=45
宋昭勛(2005)。〈從南亞海嘯報導看市民新聞學的崛起〉。上網日期:2006年3月22日,取自http://www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20050414_76_120408.html
李明峻(2005)。〈數位民主全球發燒 網路投票將成主流〉,《新台灣新聞週刊》,485。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:lEoDlDaZEMQJ:www.newtaiwan.com.tw/bulletinview.jsp%3Fperiod%3D485%26bulletinid%3D22344+%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&hl=zh-TW
李雅萍(2005)。〈ITU2004年全球寬頻普及率排名 台灣表現平平〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=3872&SearchString=&title=寬頻&article=
李雅萍(2005)。〈台灣家戶寬頻滲透率全球第四 個人寬頻滲透率則為第八〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=3955&SearchString=&title=寬頻&article=
李雅萍(2005)。〈全球上網人口達8.7億 紐西蘭上網普及率居首〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=news&id=3992
林克寰(2004a)。〈妳不能不知道的部落格-Blog是甚麼碗糕啊?〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://jedi.org/blog/archives/003856.html#comment008993
林克寰(2004b)。〈Wiki與知識網路化〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://mag.udn.com/mag/dc/storypage.jsp?f_MAIN_ID=2&f_SUB_ID=4&f_ART_ID=1424
邱俊欽(2005年11月8日)。〈朱立倫公布競選網站 設計MSN符號提供下載〉,《大紀元》。上網日期:2006年5月2日,取自: http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/5/11/8/n1112835.htm
姚雪(2004)。〈博客:在流水帳日記之後的媒體未來〉。上網日期:2006年3月22日,取自http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/wenhua/27296/2315983.html
陳佳靖(2005)。〈美Blog閱讀成長率58% 新興訊息傳散平台不容小覷〉。上網日期:2005年11月5日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=3538&SearchString=網誌
陳俊雄(2005年11月9日)。〈羅文嘉、周錫瑋 網站交鋒〉。上網日期:2006年5月21日,取自:中時部落格:http://blog.chinatimes.com/blognews/archive/2005/11/09/24694.html
陳家靖(2006)。〈Amazon推出作者部落格服務〉,上網日期:2006年3月29日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=4145&SearchString=
陳清宏(2005)。〈網路日誌(Blog)正火紅?距普遍親民尚有段距離〉。上網日期:2005年11月5日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=3637&SearchString=網路日誌
游婷喻、張亦萱(2005)。〈跨越影像與文字的分享世界 網路相簿-網路影像異想世界〉,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/cooperate/cooperate_disp.asp?id=142&SearchString=政治
潘明君(2003)。〈網路逐漸成為重要的競選宣傳管道〉。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=2841
潘明君(2004)。〈網路為選民獲取政治選情的重要管道〉。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=2971&SearchString=&title=政治&article=
Bennett & Xenos (2004, August).Young Voters and the Web of Politics: Pathways to Participation in the Youth Engagement and Electoral Campaign Web. Retrived April 8, 2006, from CIRCLE Web site: http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP20BennettExecSumm.pdf
Blogging goes mainstream(2003)Retrieved April 13, 2006 from http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/03/10/bloggers.ap/index.html
Blood, R. (2000 September, 2006 January). Weblogs: A History and Perspective. Rebecca`s Pocket. 07 September 2000. 08 January 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2006, from http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.html
Bonchek, M. S. (1995). Grassroots in Cyberspace: Using Computer Networks to Facilitate Political Participation, paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/msb/pubs/grassroots.html.
Bulkeley, W. K., & Bandler, J. (2005, January 14). Dean campaign made payments to two bloggers. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 8, 2006, from http://www.freepress.net/news/6218
Conway, M., & Dorner, D. ( 2004). An evaluation of New Zealand political party Websites. Information Research, 9(4), paper 196. Retrieved April, 15, from http://InformationR.net/ir/9-4/paper196.html
Deborah Fallows (2005). Women are Catching up to men in most measures of online life. Men like the internet for the experiences it offers, while women like it for the human connections it promotes. Retrived April 8, 2006, from PEW/ INTERNET Web site: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Women_and_Men_online.pdf
Edward Cone (2003). The Marketing of the President 2004. Retrived April 4, 2006, from http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,3959,1410983,00.asp
Gary Wolf (2002). How the Internet Invented Howard Dean.Retrived March 24, 2006, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.01/dean.html
Jennifer Balderama (2002). Perspectives: My blog, my self. Retrived March 23, 2006, from http://news.com.com/2010-1071-897638.html
John C. Dvorak (2002, April 2). Deconstructing the Blog. PC Magazine. Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,27443,00.asp
Lee, R., Cornfield M., & Horrigan J. (2005, March 6). The Internet and Campaign 2004. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project and Pew Research Center for The People & The Press. Retrieved April 8, 2006, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_2004_Campaign.pdf
Levine, Peter, & Mark Lopez (2002). Youth Voter Turnout Has Declined by any Measure. Retrived April 8, 2006, from CIRCLE Web site: http://www.civicyouth.org/research/products/fact_sheets_outside.htm
Mathew Gross (2003). DEAN Call TO ACTION BLOG One Month Old Today. Retrieved March 22, 2006, from http://www.blogforamerica.com/archives/000348.html
Merriam-Webster`s Words of the Year 2004. (n.d.). Retrived April 8, 2006, from http://www.m-w.com/info/04words.htm
Russ Lipton (2002). What is a Weblog? Retrived April 8, 2006, from http://radio.weblogs.com/0107019/stories/2002/02/12/whatIsAWeblog.html
Schultz, T. (1999). Interactive options in online journalism: A content analysis of 100 U.S. newspapers[Electronic version]. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 5 (1). Retrieved March 3, 2006 from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue1/schultz.html
Seminerio, M (1998, August 25). The digital is political: Politics may change Internet, and vice-versa. Retrived April 8, 2006, from ZDNet Tech News:http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:fgiUjRjNtWEJ:news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-511685.html%3Flegacy%3Dzdnn%26chkpt%3Dzdnnsmsa+Seminerio+(1998)+Political+candidates&hl=zh-TW&gl=tw&ct=clnk&cd=16
Sirkey C. (2003, October 2). Power Laws, Weblogs, and Inequality. Retrived April 8, 2006, from Clay Shirky’s Writings About the Internet: http://www.shirky.com/writings/powerlaw_weblog.html
Walker, J. (2003, June 28 ). Weblog, Definition for the Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Retrived May 14, 2006, from http://huminf.uib.no/~jill/archives/blog_theorising/final_version_of_weblog_definition.html
Smith, A. G. (1997). Testing the surf: Criteria for evaluating internet information resources. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 8(3). Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http://www.vuw.ac.nz/staff/alastair_smith/evaln/index.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
廣告研究所
93452002
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0934520021
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄭自隆zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃毓茹zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃毓茹zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:35:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:35:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:35:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0934520021en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33142-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 廣告研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93452002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要以2005年縣市長與縣市議員選舉為研究對象,增補過去網站評估指標之不足,以重新建構之親切性、互動性、資訊性、工具性、連結性、動員性、與涉入性七大指標,先以「內容分析法」針對候選人競選網站之呈現與候選人角色進行比較分析,探究選舉類型、候選人特質、政黨等因素在網站表現上是否呈現差異;其次,針對台北縣長候選人競選網站與部落格,「深度訪談」其建置者,比照北縣長候選人網站與部落格實際表現情形。

研究發現,「選舉類型」與「政黨類別」是影響網站表現的二個因素,縣市長候選人網站在親切性、資訊性表現均較縣市議員精彩;此外,候選人網站與部落格的表現出之差異與特色如下:一、政治性的網站,去政治化的部落格;二、部落格文章多以感性、正面為主;三、部落格較具候選人個人化色彩;四、候選人網站與部落格均以直接形象呈現為主;五、候選人部落格超連結運用情形仍未普遍;六、線上捐款尚未盛行。

本研究並發現,候選人部落格(Candidate Blog)普遍具有混雜(hybrid)的特質, 因此不適用於過去部落格之「非個人即議題」或「非議題即個人」全然武斷的劃分,建議後續在探討部落格時,應視「候選人部落格」為一獨立子題予以討論。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究緣起 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 網路傳播之特性與革新 7
第二節 網際網路與政治傳播 8
一、網際網路運用於政治傳播-優勢與特點 8
二、網路媒體對選戰之具體意涵 14
三、競選網站之特性與類型 16
四、網站政治行銷-限制與反思 18
第三節 新網路應用-部落格(BLOG)與競選網站之結合 19
一、BLOG定義與發展紀要 19
二、部落格類型 23
三、政治議題與部落格 25
四、部落格特性與架結構 29
五、部落格之趨勢與影響力 32
第四節 國內外政治網站架設之演進與概況 34
一、美國方面 34
二、國內方面 37
第三章 研究方法 42
第一節 內容分析法 42
第二節 研究架構 44
第三節 研究設計 44
一、形成研究問題 44
二、界定母群體與樣本 45
三、建立分析單位 45
四、類目建構與量化系統 45
第四節 個案研究法 55
第四章 研究結果與發現 58
第一節 統計檢驗 58
一、2005年候選人網站與候選人特質 60
二、網站個別類目 61
三、網站呈現構面分數 73
四、小結 84
第二節 北縣候選人網站建置與經營 84
一、訪談背景說明 84
二、網站沿革 87
三、競選組織 91
四、網站運作與管理 95
五、建議與評估 127
第三節 北縣候選人部落格探討 132
一、2005年縣市長候選人部落格總攬 132
二、北縣候選人部落格發展與經營 135
三、「瑋哥部落格」事件 153
四、建議 158
五、小結 160
第五章 討論與建議 163
第一節 研究發現 163
一、候選人網站評估指標重新建構 163
二、選舉層級影響 164
三、2005年候選人網站與部落格特色 165
四、實務建議 169
第二節 研究限制 173
一、內容分析方面 173
二、訪談方面 173
第三節 研究建議 175
一、網站部分 175
二、部落格部分 175
三、具體執行方面 176
參考書目 177
附錄1:編碼須知(CODING INSTRUCTION) 190
附錄2:編碼表(CODING SHEET) 195
附錄3:訪談題綱-周錫瑋陣營 198
附錄4:訪談題綱-羅文嘉陣營 201
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 44242 bytes-
dc.format.extent 173370 bytes-
dc.format.extent 164377 bytes-
dc.format.extent 62861 bytes-
dc.format.extent 172535 bytes-
dc.format.extent 401368 bytes-
dc.format.extent 269875 bytes-
dc.format.extent 1121335 bytes-
dc.format.extent 275794 bytes-
dc.format.extent 236224 bytes-
dc.format.extent 204151 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0934520021en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治傳播zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 競選網站zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 部落格zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 選舉zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內容分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 深度訪談zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) political communicationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) camaign websiteen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) blogen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) electionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) content analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) in-depth interciewen_US
dc.title (題名) 2005年縣長與縣市議員選舉候選人網站與部落格分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) An Analysis and Critique of 2005 Taiwan Candidate Websites and Blogsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王石番(1991)。《傳播內容分析法:理論與實證》。台北:幼獅出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王泰俐(2003a)。〈誰的互動性網站?從2000年和2002年選舉看台灣政治網站互動性概念的演進〉,《新聞學研究》,77: 107-142。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王泰俐(2003b)。〈網路政治傳播的互動效果〉,《選舉研究》,10(2): 93-134。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王唯至(2004)。《網站介面設計之評估指標研究-以2004年總統大選候選人競選網站為例》。文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 余紹逖(1997)。《網際網路於政府公共關係之運用及分析-以行政院新聞局WWW為例》。「海峽兩岸公共關係學術暨實務研討會」。台北:世新大學主辦。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳筱玫(2003)。《網路傳播概論》。台北:智勝文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李宜璇(2002)。《候選人競選網站的選戰策略-以2002年台北市長選舉為例》。銘傳大學公共管理與社區發展研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周慧玲(1998)。《網路政治行銷策略之研究-以 1997 年底國、民兩黨縣市長候選人之網站為例》。淡江大眾傳播學系傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林靜伶、吳宜蓁、黃懿慧(1996)。《公共關係》。台北:空中大學。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施瑞瑄(2006)。《誰沒部落格》。台北:商周。(原書Cyril Fiévet & Emily Turrettini[2004], Blog Story. Paris: Editions d`Organisation)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪雅慧(2001)。〈候選人網站「資訊提供」與「使用可親近性」之滿意度比較-以公元2000年總統大選為例〉,《廣告學研究》,17: 83-104。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡幼偉(1999)。〈網路選舉資訊使用者素描:社會背景、政治參與及傳播行為多面向的觀察〉,《理論與政策》,51: 65-87。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡佛(1998)。《政治參與與選舉行為》。台北:三民書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 孫秀蕙(1996)。〈選民的傳播型態對政治行為的影響:以1996年總統大選為例〉,《選舉研究》,3(2): 71-106。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐良容(2001)。《網際網路對選舉之影響─以我國公元兩千年總統選舉之總統競選網站為例》。台灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 耿慶瑞(2000)。〈WWW互動廣告之互動層次〉,《廣告學研究》,15: 161-181。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張世熒、李宜璇(2003年12月)。〈候選人競選網站的功能性分析-2002年台北市長選舉個案研究〉,「世局變動中的台灣政治學術研討會」,台灣政治學會及東吳大學政治學系主辦,台北市士林。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張志偉(2000)。《網路民主》。台北:商周。(原書Morris, D.[1999], Vote.com. Los Angeles: Renaissance)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張卿卿(2002)。〈競選新聞框架與廣告訴求對選民政治效能與信賴感的影響〉,《新聞學研究》,70: 135-165。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張銘昆(2004)。《2004年總統大選網路運用與使用之初探分析》。政治大學新聞學系研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊伯仲(1995) 。《候選人電視辯論與電視政見發表會訊息之內容分析-1994年台北市長選舉之個案研究》。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊伯仲(2000)。〈網路選戰在台灣-1998 年三合一大選個案研究〉,《廣告學研究》,14: 31-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊伯仲(2005)。〈2004年總統大選國民黨網路選戰策略-行動研究法之觀點〉,《選舉研究》,12(2): 79-109。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 莊伯仲、鄭自隆(1996)。〈競選文宣新媒介-台灣政治性資訊網路現況研究(1995)〉,《廣告學研究》,7: 85-119。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳芸芸譯(2001)。《最新大眾傳播理論》。台北:韋伯文化。(原書McQuail, D. [2000]. Mass communication theory: An introduction(4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳建勳譯(2005)。《草根媒體-部落格傳奇》。台北:歐萊禮。(原書Gillmor, D. [2004]. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol, CA: O`Reilly.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳彥豪(1995)。《將你的心情接在我的線上-電腦資訊網路上的「電子報」業初探》。台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳詩蘋(2000)。《政治人物網站呈現及其回饋機制之研究-以第四屆立法委員網站為例》。中山大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭芸(2001)。《新媒介與政治:理論與實證》。台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 彭懷恩(2005)。《競選傳播》。台北:風雲論壇。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾萬(2000)。《選戰勝經》。台北:生活智庫。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃光玉、劉念夏、陳清文譯(2004)。《媒介傳播研究方法:質化與量化研究途徑》。台北:風雲論壇。(原書Berger, A. A. [2000], Media and communication research methods: an introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃俊卿(2001)。《Web Design設計實務-徹底研究》。台北:麥格羅.希爾。(原書Powell, T. A.[2000], Web Design: the Complete Reference. Osborne: McGraw-Hill)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉美琪(2004)。《行銷傳播概論》。台北:雙葉書廊。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭自隆(2000)。〈二○○○年總統大選候選人網站分析〉,銘傳大學傳播學院「二○○○年傳播管理學術研討會」論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭自隆(2004a)。《競選傳播與台灣社會》。台北:揚智。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭自隆(2004b)。《台灣競選數位化媒介之應用》。「銘傳大學數位媒體的發展與再造研討會」,台北:市士林。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭自隆(2002)。〈二○○一年立法委員與縣市長選舉競選文宣觀察〉,《中華民國廣告年鑑》,14: 96-106。台北:台北市廣告代理商同業公會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鄭陸霖、林鶴玲(2001)。〈社會運動在網際網路上的展現:台灣社會運動網站的聯網分析〉,《台灣社會學》,2: 55-96。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 藝力協(2003)。《Blog:部落格線上出版、網路日誌實作》。台北:上奇科技。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇永耀(2005年10月26日)。〈總統府設置憲改部落格〉,《自由時報》,第六版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、外文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Auer, J. J. (1962). The counterfeit debates. In S. Kraus (Ed.), The Great Debates: Background, Perspective, Effect(pp.142-150). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Austin, E. W., & Pinkleton, B. E. (1995). Positive and negative effects of political disaffection on the less experienced voter. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 39, 215-235.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Babbie, E. (1998). The practice of social research (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bailey, J. E. & Pearson, S. W. (1983). Development of a tool for measuring and analyzing computer user satisfaction. Management Science, 29, 530-545.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barcus, F. E. (1959). Communications Content: Analysis of the Research 1900-1958 (A content analysis of content. analysis). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benoit, W. L., McHale, J. P., Hansen, G., Pier, P. M., & McGuire, J. P. (2003). Campaign 2000: A functional analysis of presidential campaign discourse. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernard, B. (1952). Content Analysis in Communication Research, New York: Freezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berthon, P., Lane, N., Pitt, L., & Watson, R.T.(1998).The world wide web as an industrial marketing communication tool: Models for the identification and assessment of opportunities, Journal of Marketing Management, 14(2), 691-704.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bimber, B., & Davis, R. (2003). Campaigning online: The internet in U.S. elections. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blood, R. (2002a). Introduction. In J. Rodzvilla (Ed.), We`ve Got Blog: How Weblogs are Changing Our Culture (pp. ix-xiii). Cambridge MA: Perseus Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blood, R. (2002b). The Weblog Handbook: Practical Advice on Creating and Maintaining Your Blog. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blumler, Jay G., & Kavanagh D. (1999). The third age of political communication: influences and features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209-30.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bordewijk, J. L. & Kaan, Van. B. (1986). Towars a new classification of tele-information services. McQuail’s Readers in Mass Communication Theory. Oxford: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bowers-Brown, J., & Gunter, B. (2002). Political parties use of the web during the 2001 general election, Asia Proceedings, 54(3), 166-176.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conger, S., & Mason, R. (1998). Planning and Designing Effective Web Sites, USA: International Thomson Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Connell, M. (1998). Internet survival guide: Designing lively web sites. Campaigns and Elections, 18(9), 64-68.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craig, S. C., Niemi, R. G., & Silver, G. E. (1990). Political efficacy and trust: A report on the NES pilot study items. Political Behavior, 12(3), 289-314.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cullen, R., & Houghton, C. (2000). Democracy online: an assessment of New Zealand government Websites. Government Information Quarterly, 17(3), 243-267.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davis, R. (1999). The web of politics: The Internet`s Impact on the American Political System. New York, Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davis, R., & Owen, D. (1998). New media and American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Devlin, L. P. (1997). Contrast in presidential campaign commercials of 1996, American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1058-1084.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Devlin, L. P. (2001). Contrast in presidential campaign commercials of 2000, American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 2338-2369.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diamond, E., & Bates, S. (1992). The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television, 3d ed., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dulio, D. A., Donald, L. G., & James A. T.(1999). Untangled Web: Internet Use During the 1998 Election. PS: Political Science and Politics, 32 (1), 53-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eighmey, J. (1997). Profiling User Responses to Commercial Web Sites, Journal of Advertising Research, 37(2), 59-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Foot, K. A. (2002). Online action in campaign 2000: an exploratory analysis of the U.S. political web sphere. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46 (2), 222-238.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ghose, S., & Dou, W. (1998). Interactive functions and their impacts on the appeal of Internet presence sites. Journal of Advertising Research, 38 (2), 29-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gibson, R., & Ward, S. (2000). A proposed methodology for studying the function and effectiveness of party and candidate Websites. Social Science Computer Review, 18(3), 301-319.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Herring, S. C., Kouper, I., Paolillo, J. C., Scheidt, L. A., Tyworth, M., Welsch, P., Wright, E., & Yu, N. (2005). Conversations in the Blogosphere: An Analysis “From the Bottom Up. In Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS`05), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S., & Wright, E. (2004). Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS`04), Los Alamitos: IEEE Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, K. A., & Hughes, J. E. (1998). Cyberpolitics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoffman, D. L. & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in Hypermedia computer-mediated environments: Conceptual foundations. Journal of Marketing, 603, 50-69.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ireland, E., & Nash, P. T. (2001). Winning Campaigns Online: Strategies for Candidates and Cause(2nd ed.). Bethesda, ML: Campaign Advantage..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jacques, W. W., & Ratzan, S. C. (1997). The internet’s world wide web and political accountability: new media coverage of the 1996 presidential debates, American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1226-1237.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jamieson, K. H. (1987). Television, presidential campaigns, and debates. In J. L. Swerdlow (Ed.), Presidential debates 1988 and beyond(pp.27-33). Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson-Cartee, K. S., & Copeland, G. A. (1991). Negative Political Advertising: Coming of Age. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaid, L. L. (2002). Political advertising and information seeking: Comparing the exposure via traditional and Internet media channels. Journal of Advertising, XXXI (Spring), 27-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaid, L. L. (2005). Political advertising in the 2004 election: Comparison of traditional television and internet messages. The American Behavioral Scientist, 49(2), 265-278.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaid, L. L., & Holtz-Bacha, C. (1993). Audience reactions to televised political programs: An experimental study of the 1990 German national election. European Journal of Communication, 8, 77-99.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaid, LL (Ed.) (2004). Handbook of political communication research. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kamarck, E. C. (1999). Campaigning on the Internet in the elections of 1998. In E. C. Kamarck & J. S. Nye (Eds.), Democracy.com?: Governance in a networked world (pp. 99-123). Hollis, NH: Hollis Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kerlinger, F. N. (1979). Behavioral Research: A Conceptual Approach, Philadelphia, PA: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kern, M. (1997), Social capital and citizen interpretation of political ads, news, and web site information in the 1996 presidential elections,” American Behavioral Scientist, 40, 1238-1249.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klineneberg, E., & Perrin, A. (1996). The 1996 Presidential Campaign on the Web, Berkley, CA: University of California at Berkley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klotz, R. (1997). Positive Spin: Senate campaigning on the web, PS: Political Science and Politics, 30(3), 482-486.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnamurthy, S. (2002, October). The Multidimensionality of Blog Conversations: The Virtual Enactment of September 11. Paper presented at Internet Research 3.0, NL: Maastricht.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Langham, D. (1994). The common place MOO: Quality and literacy in virtual reality. Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, 3, 7.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leighley, J. E. (1995). Attitudes, opportunities, and Incentives: a Field essay on political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 48, 181-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Margolis, M., & Resnick, D. (2000). Politics as usual: The cyberspace revolution. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Margolis, M., David, R., & Tu Chin-Chang. (1997). Campaigning on the Internet: Parties and Candidates on the Work Wide Web in the 1996 Primary Season. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 2(1), 59-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martin, B. (1995). The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age, Canada: Viking Penguin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McMillan, S. J. (2002). Exploring models of interactivity from multiple research traditions: Users, documents, and systems. In L. Lievrouw&S. Livingston (Eds.), Handbook of new media (pp. 162–182). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Newhagen, J., & Rafaeli, S. (1996). Why communication researchers should study the Internet: A dialogue. Journal of Communication, 46(1), 4-13.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Norris, P. (2000). A Virtuous Circle, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Owen D., Davis, R., & Strickler, V. J. (1999). Congress and the Internet. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 4(2), 10-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paisley, W. J. (1969). Studying ‘style’ as deviation from encoding norms. In: Gerbner, G., Holsti, O.R., Krippendorff, K., Paisley, W.J., Stone, P.J. (Eds.), The Analysis of Communication Content: Development in Scientific Theories and Computer Techniques. New York: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Perlmutter, D. D., & Reavy, M. (1998). Presidential web sites as sources of information: the next knowledge gap in the making? Journal of electronic communication, 7(3).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pinkleton, B. E., & Austin, E. W. (1998). Media and participation: Breaking the spiral of disaffection. In T. J. Johnson, C. E. Hays & S. P. Hays (Eds.), Engaging the Public: How Government and the Media Can Reinvigorate American Democracy (pp. 75-86).Boulder, Co: Rowman & Littlefield.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rachel, G., & Stephen, W. (2000, Fall). A proposed methodology for studying the function and effectiveness of party and candidate web sites. Social Science Computer Review, 18(3), 300-319.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: from new media to communication. In R. Hawkins, J. Weimann, & S. Pingree (Eds.), Advancing communication science: Merging mass and interpersonal process (pp. 124-181). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Raney, R. F. (1998, October 28). Candidates in tight races turn to web, survey finds. New York Times, Cyber Time.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roper, J. (1998).New Zealand political parties online: the WWW as a tool for democratization or for political marketing? In Chris, T. (eds.), The Politics of Cyberspace. New York and London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenfeld, L., & Morville, P. (1998).Information architecture for the World Wide Web, Sebastopol, California: O`Reilly.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scoble, R., & Israel, S. (2006). Naked Conversation: How Blogs are Changing the Way Businesses Talk with Customers. NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Severin, W. J., & Tankard, J. W. (2000). Communication theories: Origins, methods and uses in the mass media. NY: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smolkin, R. (2004). The Expanding Blogoshpere. American Journalism Review, 26(3), 38-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stephen, W., & Rachel, G. (2003). On-line and on message? Candidate websites in the 2001 General Election. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 5(2), 188-205.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Steuer, J. (1992). Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence. Journal of Communication, 42, 73-93.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stone, B. (1996, November). Politics ’96. Internet World, 7, 44-50.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stromer-Galley, J.(2000). On-Line Interaction and Why Candidates Avoid It. Journal of Communication, 50(4), 111-132zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trammell, K. D. (2004). Celebrity blogs: Investigation in the persuasive nature of two-way communication regarding politics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Florida.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trammell, K. D. (2005, November). Year of the Blog: Webstyle Analysis of the 2004 Presidential Candidate Blog Posts. Paper presented in the Political Communication Division, National Communication Association annual conference, Chicago, IL.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trammell, K. D., Williams, A. P., Postelnicu, M. & Landreville, K. D. (2006). Evolution of online campaigning: Increasing interactivity in candidate web sites and blogs through text and technical features. Mass Communication & Society, 9(1), 21–44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trippi, J. (2004). The Revolution Will not be Televised. New York: HarperCollins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verba, S., & Nie N. H.. (1972). Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. New York: Harper and Row.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verba, S., Nie, N. H., & Kim, J. (1978). Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walizer, M., & Wienir, P. L. (1978). Research methods and analysis: Searching for relationships. New York: Harper & Row.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, T. L. (2002). Whose interactive channel? The definitions of web interactivity in Taiwan’s 2000 Presidential Election online campaigns. Asian Journal of Communication, 12(2), 50-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weaver, D., & Drew, D. (1995). Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the "nontraditional" media and debates matter? Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72, 7-17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) West, D. M. (1997). Air Wars: Television Advertising in Election Campaigns 1552-1996 (2nd ed.). Washington, D. C. : Congressional Quarterly Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whillock, R. K. (1998). Digital democracy: The `96 presidential election on-line. In R. E. Denton (ed.), The 1996 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics. New York: John Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williams, F., Rice, R. E. & Rogers, E. M. (1988). Research methods and the new media. New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wimmer, Roger D., & Dominick, Joseph R. (1987). Field research and Related Research Methods. Mass Media Research: An Introduction, Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Xenos, M., & Foot, K. A. (2005). Politics as usual, or politics unusual? Position taking and dialogue on campaign websites in the 2002 US elections. Journal of Communication, 55(1), 169-185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yates, S. J., & Perrone, J. L. (1998, March). Politics on the web. Paper presented in Internet Research and Information for Social Scientists (IRISS) Conference, Bristol, UK.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yiannakis, Diana E. (1982). House members communication styles: Newsletters and press releases. The Journal of Politics, 44(4), 1049-1071.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yin, R. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), 341-352.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zito, G.. V. ( 1975). Sociological Concepts, Columbus, Ohio: A Bell & Howell Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、線上資料zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈「部落格使用意見調查」研究報告(二)〉(2005)。上網日期:2005年11月6日,取自:創世紀市場研究顧問網頁:http://www.insightxplorer.com/news/news_04_28_05.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈「部落格使用意見調查」研究報告〉(2005)。上網日期:2006年5月21日,取自:創市際市場研究顧問:http://www.insightxplorer.com/specialtopic/blog_1031_05.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈2004年美國總統大選的幾個主要特點〉(2004年3月25日)。上網日期:2006年5月30日,取自:學習時報社:http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/694504.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 〈網路人口特性〉(2005)。上網日期:2005年11月10日,取自:創世紀市場研究顧問網頁:http://www.insightxplorer.com/specialtopic/crossmedia_1_2.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方興東 、姜旭平、 關志成(2004)。〈博客(blog)作為媒體開放源代碼的理論研究—博客(blog)與自由軟體發展機制的對比〉,39。取自http://www.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/39/39-01.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方興東(2004)。〈中國博客教父方興東:博客的自律與他律〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/wenhua/27296/2343597.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方興東、王俊秀(2003)。〈博客塑造歷史的五個里程碑〉。上網日期:2006年4月2日,取自http://www.qglt.com/bbs/ReadFile?whichfile=2065&typeid=45zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 宋昭勛(2005)。〈從南亞海嘯報導看市民新聞學的崛起〉。上網日期:2006年3月22日,取自http://www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20050414_76_120408.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李明峻(2005)。〈數位民主全球發燒 網路投票將成主流〉,《新台灣新聞週刊》,485。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:lEoDlDaZEMQJ:www.newtaiwan.com.tw/bulletinview.jsp%3Fperiod%3D485%26bulletinid%3D22344+%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89&hl=zh-TWzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李雅萍(2005)。〈ITU2004年全球寬頻普及率排名 台灣表現平平〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=3872&SearchString=&title=寬頻&article=zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李雅萍(2005)。〈台灣家戶寬頻滲透率全球第四 個人寬頻滲透率則為第八〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=3955&SearchString=&title=寬頻&article=zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李雅萍(2005)。〈全球上網人口達8.7億 紐西蘭上網普及率居首〉。上網日期:2005年11月4日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/find/home.aspx?page=news&id=3992zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林克寰(2004a)。〈妳不能不知道的部落格-Blog是甚麼碗糕啊?〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://jedi.org/blog/archives/003856.html#comment008993zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林克寰(2004b)。〈Wiki與知識網路化〉。上網日期:2006年3月21日,取自http://mag.udn.com/mag/dc/storypage.jsp?f_MAIN_ID=2&f_SUB_ID=4&f_ART_ID=1424zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱俊欽(2005年11月8日)。〈朱立倫公布競選網站 設計MSN符號提供下載〉,《大紀元》。上網日期:2006年5月2日,取自: http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/5/11/8/n1112835.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姚雪(2004)。〈博客:在流水帳日記之後的媒體未來〉。上網日期:2006年3月22日,取自http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/wenhua/27296/2315983.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳佳靖(2005)。〈美Blog閱讀成長率58% 新興訊息傳散平台不容小覷〉。上網日期:2005年11月5日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=3538&SearchString=網誌zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳俊雄(2005年11月9日)。〈羅文嘉、周錫瑋 網站交鋒〉。上網日期:2006年5月21日,取自:中時部落格:http://blog.chinatimes.com/blognews/archive/2005/11/09/24694.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳家靖(2006)。〈Amazon推出作者部落格服務〉,上網日期:2006年3月29日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=4145&SearchString=zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳清宏(2005)。〈網路日誌(Blog)正火紅?距普遍親民尚有段距離〉。上網日期:2005年11月5日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.aspx?news_id=3637&SearchString=網路日誌zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 游婷喻、張亦萱(2005)。〈跨越影像與文字的分享世界 網路相簿-網路影像異想世界〉,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/cooperate/cooperate_disp.asp?id=142&SearchString=政治zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘明君(2003)。〈網路逐漸成為重要的競選宣傳管道〉。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=2841zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘明君(2004)。〈網路為選民獲取政治選情的重要管道〉。上網日期:2005年11月8日,取自:資策會網頁:http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/0105_news_disp.asp?news_id=2971&SearchString=&title=政治&article=zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett & Xenos (2004, August).Young Voters and the Web of Politics: Pathways to Participation in the Youth Engagement and Electoral Campaign Web. Retrived April 8, 2006, from CIRCLE Web site: http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP20BennettExecSumm.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blogging goes mainstream(2003)Retrieved April 13, 2006 from http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/03/10/bloggers.ap/index.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blood, R. (2000 September, 2006 January). Weblogs: A History and Perspective. Rebecca`s Pocket. 07 September 2000. 08 January 2006. Retrieved March 21, 2006, from http://www.rebeccablood.net/essays/weblog_history.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bonchek, M. S. (1995). Grassroots in Cyberspace: Using Computer Networks to Facilitate Political Participation, paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/msb/pubs/grassroots.html.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bulkeley, W. K., & Bandler, J. (2005, January 14). Dean campaign made payments to two bloggers. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 8, 2006, from http://www.freepress.net/news/6218zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conway, M., & Dorner, D. ( 2004). An evaluation of New Zealand political party Websites. Information Research, 9(4), paper 196. Retrieved April, 15, from http://InformationR.net/ir/9-4/paper196.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deborah Fallows (2005). Women are Catching up to men in most measures of online life. Men like the internet for the experiences it offers, while women like it for the human connections it promotes. Retrived April 8, 2006, from PEW/ INTERNET Web site: http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Women_and_Men_online.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edward Cone (2003). The Marketing of the President 2004. Retrived April 4, 2006, from http://www.baselinemag.com/article2/0,3959,1410983,00.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gary Wolf (2002). How the Internet Invented Howard Dean.Retrived March 24, 2006, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.01/dean.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jennifer Balderama (2002). Perspectives: My blog, my self. Retrived March 23, 2006, from http://news.com.com/2010-1071-897638.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) John C. Dvorak (2002, April 2). Deconstructing the Blog. PC Magazine. Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,27443,00.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lee, R., Cornfield M., & Horrigan J. (2005, March 6). The Internet and Campaign 2004. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project and Pew Research Center for The People & The Press. Retrieved April 8, 2006, from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_2004_Campaign.pdfzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Levine, Peter, & Mark Lopez (2002). Youth Voter Turnout Has Declined by any Measure. Retrived April 8, 2006, from CIRCLE Web site: http://www.civicyouth.org/research/products/fact_sheets_outside.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mathew Gross (2003). DEAN Call TO ACTION BLOG One Month Old Today. Retrieved March 22, 2006, from http://www.blogforamerica.com/archives/000348.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Merriam-Webster`s Words of the Year 2004. (n.d.). Retrived April 8, 2006, from http://www.m-w.com/info/04words.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Russ Lipton (2002). What is a Weblog? Retrived April 8, 2006, from http://radio.weblogs.com/0107019/stories/2002/02/12/whatIsAWeblog.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schultz, T. (1999). Interactive options in online journalism: A content analysis of 100 U.S. newspapers[Electronic version]. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 5 (1). Retrieved March 3, 2006 from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue1/schultz.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Seminerio, M (1998, August 25). The digital is political: Politics may change Internet, and vice-versa. Retrived April 8, 2006, from ZDNet Tech News:http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:fgiUjRjNtWEJ:news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-511685.html%3Flegacy%3Dzdnn%26chkpt%3Dzdnnsmsa+Seminerio+(1998)+Political+candidates&hl=zh-TW&gl=tw&ct=clnk&cd=16zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sirkey C. (2003, October 2). Power Laws, Weblogs, and Inequality. Retrived April 8, 2006, from Clay Shirky’s Writings About the Internet: http://www.shirky.com/writings/powerlaw_weblog.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walker, J. (2003, June 28 ). Weblog, Definition for the Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Retrived May 14, 2006, from http://huminf.uib.no/~jill/archives/blog_theorising/final_version_of_weblog_definition.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Smith, A. G. (1997). Testing the surf: Criteria for evaluating internet information resources. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 8(3). Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http://www.vuw.ac.nz/staff/alastair_smith/evaln/index.htmzh_TW