dc.contributor.advisor | 翁秀琪 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 連思晨 | zh_TW |
dc.creator (作者) | 連思晨 | zh_TW |
dc.date (日期) | 2007 | en_US |
dc.date.accessioned | 17-Sep-2009 15:50:17 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.available | 17-Sep-2009 15:50:17 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-Sep-2009 15:50:17 (UTC+8) | - |
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0094451015 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33228 | - |
dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 新聞研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 94451015 | zh_TW |
dc.description (描述) | 96 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本論文旨在探討台灣運動節目性別偏差之成因,從運動產業複合體運作過程的角度切入,了解運動產業中資本流動對於節目性別偏差的影響為何。本論文主要有兩個研究問題:(一)了解台灣的運動產業複合體的運作情況;(二)台灣的運動產業複合體架構對運動節目性別偏差之影響。本論文所採用的研究方法為深度訪談法,來了解運動產業複合體三者(運動組織-媒體組織-企業組織)之間的互動關係,針對性別偏差的部分則是以文本分析為主、深度訪談為輔。 本論文以SBL及WSBL為研究案例。研究結果發現,台灣運動產業複合體的運作邏輯,大致符合西方文獻中所述的運動與資本的關係,三者間的資金流動造成其相互依賴;而性別偏差的部分,從量與質兩大面向的分析結果,發現台灣運動轉播節目確實有性別偏差的現象,且造成此一現象的原因,是因為運動產業三者間存有「群眾≒利潤」的思考邏輯,使得運動組織、媒體組織、企業組織皆以男籃為主、忽視女籃,而形成了節目偏異的結果。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract (摘要) | This paper purposes to discuss the reasons of the gender disproportion of the sports programs in Taiwan. The main direction of this paper is the sport/industry complex, and this paper tried to understand how the capital circulating in the complex effects the gender disproportion of sports programs. The two main questions include: (1) How the Taiwan sport/industry complex works? (2) How the framework of Taiwan sport/industry complex influences the gender disproportion of sports programs? I used the method of in-depth interviewing to find out the relationship within the three parts of sport/industry complex (sport organizations-media organizations-enterprise organizations). Text analysis is the major method to analyze the gender deviation, and the secondary method is in-depth interviewing. The study cases are SBL and WSBL in this paper. The result reveals that the logic of working sport/industry complex approximately conforms with the relationship of sport and capital described in the west literature. From two directions of quality and quantity, the observing results show that there is gender disproportion in Taiwan sport programs. More important, the logic “audience≒profit” within the three kinds of organizations is the reason of gender deviation. It also makes the sport, media, enterprise organizations put their resources on the male basketball games and ignore the female basketball games. Therefore, the gender disproportion in the Taiwan sport programs forms. | en_US |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與研究目的------------------------------1 第二節 研究架構---------------------------------------3第二章 文獻探討與問題意識 第一節 職業運動興起-----------------------------------5 第二節 運動商品化-------------------------------------6 第三節 運動產業複合體---------------------------------10 第四節 運動全球化------------------------------------37 第五節 運動與性別------------------------------------43第三章 研究方法 第一節 質性研究--------------------------------------60 第二節 研究對象--------------------------------------62 第三節 訪談對象與訪談大綱-----------------------------66第四章 研究結果 第一節 運動產業複合體在台灣----------------------------74 第二節 台灣運動節目之性別偏差--------------------------90第五章 結論與建議 第一節 研究發現與結論--------------------------------108 第二節 研究限制與建議--------------------------------117參考文獻---------------------------------------------119附錄-------------------------------------------------137 | zh_TW |
dc.format.extent | 53128 bytes | - |
dc.format.extent | 315397 bytes | - |
dc.format.extent | 819129 bytes | - |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094451015 | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 運動產業複合體 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 運動商品化 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 運動全球化 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 性別偏差 | zh_TW |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | sport/industry complex | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | sport commercialization | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | sport globalization | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | gender disproportion | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | SBL | en_US |
dc.subject (關鍵詞) | WSBL | en_US |
dc.title (題名) | 從運動產業複合體看運動節目的性別偏差-以SBL及WSBL為例 | zh_TW |
dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、中文部分 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 中華民國廣告年鑑編撰委員會(2001)。〈廣告代理業的回顧與前瞻〉,《廣 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 告年鑑》,13:46-55。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王宗吉(2004)。〈媒體運動的社會歷程探討〉,《學校體育》,85:97- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 111。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 王宗吉譯(2000)。《運動社會學》,台北:洪葉文化。(原書Howard L. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | N. II, James H. F. [1998]. A Sociology of Sport.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李秀珠譯(1997)。《媒體管理-案例研究法》,台北:五南。(原書 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lacy, S., Sohn, A. B., & Wicks, J. L. [1993]. Media | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | management- a casebook Approach. Hillsdale, NJ: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李桂芬(2001)。〈沒有策略的媒體購買 就沒有真正的效率〉,《廣告雜 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 誌》,116:110-111. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李培元(1997)。《政治商品化理論》。台北:揚智文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李國川(1999)。《台灣廣告市場「媒體集中購買」制度之研究》,銘傳大學 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 傳播管理研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李國維(2003)。《體育政策對大型企業贊助運動影響之研究》,國立台灣師 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 範大學體育研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林宜蓁(2003)。《收視率於廣告主、廣告代理商、媒體購買公司的電視媒體 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 購買策略應用之研究》,國立政治大學新聞學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林瑞泰、孫美蓮(2005)。〈美國國家籃球協會(NBA)運動組織發展成功因素 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 與影響之研究〉,《國立體育學院論叢》,16(3):129-142。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林聰毅(編譯)(2008年1月29日)。〈超級盃廣告 30秒8,700萬元 收視率 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 可望刷新 企業搶廣告時段 負責轉播的福斯電視網發了〉,《聯合報》, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | A9版。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 周瑤韻(1996)。〈贊助奧運不為行銷為哪樁?〉,《廣告雜誌》,62:36- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 38。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 邱炳坤、王瓊霞譯(2006)。《運動行銷》,台北:五南。(原書 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stotlar, D. K. [2001]. Developing successful sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | marketing plans. Morgantown, WV: Fitness | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Information Technologies.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪文惠(2004)。〈從國際運動商品化趨勢探討台灣職業籃球運動之發展〉, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 《蘭陽學報》,4:193-199。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪嘉蔆(2003a)。〈運動新聞文本的性別意涵分析〉,國立體育學院體育研 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 洪嘉蔆(2003b)。〈台灣運動電視頻道的風雲再起〉。《運動管理季刊》, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 4:33-41。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 侯致遠(1999)。〈大眾傳播媒體與運動之互動現象及其影響〉,中華傳播學 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會1999年年會論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 徐元民譯(2002)。《婦女體育史》。台北:師大書苑。(原書Guttmann, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | A. [1991]. Women’s sport. New York: Columbia | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 孫立武(2006)。《耐吉之道:贏取商業桂冠8項法則》。台北:百善書房。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高俊雄(1998a)。〈運動商品化之探討〉,《國民體育季刊》,27:79- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 83。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 高俊雄(1998b)。〈台灣地區運動服務業之發展概況〉,國立體育學院(主 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 編),《運動休閒管理論文集(二)》,頁3-12。台北:師大書苑。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳韋仲(2000)。〈媒體購買公司對廣告公司有多大衝擊?〉,《廣告雜 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 誌》,110:18-20。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳嫣如(1993)。《從企業公益贊助探討社會福利機構可行的勸募策略》,東 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許義雄(1983)。《體育的理念》,台北:現代體育。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 莫季雍(2003)。〈運動、傳播媒體與產業〉,《運動管理季刊》,4:4- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 15。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張在山譯(1991)。《非營利事業的行銷策略》。台北:國立編譯館。(原書 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kotler, P., & Andreasen, A. R. [1987]. Strategic | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | marketing for nonprofit organization (3rd ed.). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張宏源(1999)。《媒體規劃策略與實務》。台北:亞太圖書。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張鈞凱(2004)。《台灣媒體服務公司購買類型頻道之研究-以新聞、綜合、 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 電影類型為例》,銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 程紹同(2004)。《運動賽會管理-理論與實務》。台北:揚智文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 程紹同(2002)。〈韓國三星電子亞、奧運會之贊助贏家策略分析〉,《國民 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 體育季刊》,134:17-26。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 程紹同(2001)。《第五促銷元素:運動贊助新風潮》。台北:滾石文化。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 程紹同(1998)。《運動贊助策略學》。台北:漢文書局。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃淑汝(1999)。《台灣地區職業運動贊助管理之硏究》。國立交通大學經營 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 管理硏究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃煜(2003)。〈運動贊助與基金募集〉,彭小惠(總校閱),《運動管理 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 學》,頁10-1-10-21。台中:華格那。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃煜(2001)。《企業贊助職業運動球隊的效益研究-以遠傳電信贊助台灣大 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 聯盟嘉南勇士職業棒球隊為例》,第一屆中華民國運動與休閒管理學術研 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 討會論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃德琪(2004)。〈2003年體育節目收視輪廓大調查-美國NBA職籃和國內各 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 棒球賽事之媒體生態分析〉,《廣告雜誌》,155:54-59。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 馮義方(1999)。《企業對運動贊助行為之研究》。國立台灣大學商學研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾曉貞(2006)。《從品牌觀點看兩岸媒體購買決策-以上海、台灣為例》, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 世新大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 趙一凡、蒲隆、任曉晉譯(1989)。《資本主義的文化矛盾》,台北:久大。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (原書Daniel, B. [1976]. The cultural contradictions of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | capitalism. New York: Basic.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 潘淑滿(2003)。《質性研究:理論與應用》。臺北市:心理。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 潘翠雯(2007)。《晚近台灣撞球運動的轉變:媒體、性別與國族》,淡江大 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鄭自隆(1998)。〈廣告與台灣社會:戰後50年的變遷〉,《「政大廣告研 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 討會」論文》,台北:政治大學廣告學系主辦。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉昌德(2003)。〈「西方宰制、媒體中心」的運動全球化〉,《傳播文 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 化》,10:69-96。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉美琪(1998)。〈廣告媒體研究-問題與展望〉,《廣告學研究》,10: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 143。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蔣宜龍(1999)。《企業贊助運動賽會效益之硏究》。國立體育學院體育硏究 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 廣告雜誌編輯部(2004)。〈廣告主調查〉,《動腦雜誌》,333:58-59。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 賴聖琪(2000)。〈穠纖合度的媒體預算規劃〉,《動腦雜誌》,290:71- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 71。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 盧焰章(1993)。《台灣地區大型企業對運動贊助之研究》。國立體育學院體 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 育研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 韓大衛(1996)。〈企業贊助大專院校運動代表隊的動機與學生對企業贊助的 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 認知及贊助效果之研究〉,國立體育學院,《運動休閒管理論文集 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (一)》,頁67-86。台北:品度。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 鍾倫納(1993)。《應用社會科學研究法》。台北:台灣商務印書館。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝學儀(2004)。《中華職棒運動贊助效益之研究》。銘傳大學管理科學研究 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝品華、劉世平譯(2004)。《運動產業之經營典範》。台北:台灣培生教 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 育。(原書Carter, D. A., & Rovell D. [2003] On the ball: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | what you can learn about business from American’s | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport leader. Finanical Times Prentice Hall.) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 魏宏展(2002)。《收視質於廣告媒體企劃之應用探討》,國立政治大學廣告 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 二、西文部分 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Alexander, A., Owers, J., Carveth, R., Hollifield, C. A., & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greco, A. N. (Eds.). (2003). Media economics: theory | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and practice (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Associates. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Altheide, D., & Snow, R. (1978). Sports versus the mass | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | media. Urban Life, 7(2), 189-204. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Andrews, D. (1999). Whither the NBA, whither America? Peace | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | review, 11(4), 505-516. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Andrews, P. (2005). Sports journalism: a practical | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | introduction. Calif: SAGE. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Barber, B. (1995). Jihad vs. McWorld: how globalism and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | tribalism are reshaping the world. New York: Random | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | House. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Beasley, M. (1993). Women in mass communication: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | challenging gender values. Newspapers: is there a new | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | majority defining the news? (pp. 118-133). Newbury | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Park, CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bellamy, R. V., Jr. (2006). Sport media: a modern | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | institution. In A. A. Raney & J. Bryant (Eds.),Handbook | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of sports and media (pp. 63-76). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Associates. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bellamy, R. V., Jr. (1998). The evolving television sports | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | marketplace. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Mediasport: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | cultural sensibilities and sport in the media age (pp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 73-89). London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bellamy, R.V., Jr. (1993). Issues in the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | internationalization of the U.S. sport media: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the emerging European marketplace. Journal of Sport & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Social Issues, 17, 168-180. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bellamy, R. V., Jr. (1989). Professional Sports | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Organization: Media Strategies. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Media, sports, and society (pp. 120-133). Newbury Park, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Calif.: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Benson, J. (1994). The rise of consumer society 1880-1980. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harlow: Longman. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Beville, H. (1988). Audiences ratings: radio, television, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | cable (rev. ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Associates. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Blanchard, K., & Cheska, A. (1985). The anthropology of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport: an introduction. South Hadley, Mass: Bergin & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Garvey. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Booth, D., & Tatz, C. (2000). One-eyed: a view of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Australian sport. St Leonard, NSW:Allen & Unwin. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bradish, C., Lathrop, A. H., & Sedgwick, W. (2001). Girl | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | power: examining the female pre-teen and teen as a | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | distinct segment of the sport marketplace. Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marketing Quarterly, 10(1), 19-24. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Branch, D. (1995). Tapping new markets: women as sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | consumers. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4(4), 9-12. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brailsford, D. (1985). Moral and maulers. Journal of Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | History, 2, 126-142. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brierley, S. (2002). The advertising handbook (2nd ed.). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brookes, R. (2002). Representing sport. London: Arnold. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brooks, C. M. (1990, October). Sponsorship: strictly | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | business. Athletic Business, 59-62. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bryant, J., & Holt, A. M. (2006). A historical overview of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports and media in the United States. In A. A. Raney & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | J. Bryant (Eds.), Handbook of sports and media (pp. 21- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 43). Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bryant, J., & Zillmann, D. (1983). Sports violence. In J. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | H. Goldstein (Ed.), Sports violence and the media (pp. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 195-211). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bryant, J., Comisky, P., & Zillmann, D. (1977). Drama in | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports commentary. Journal of Communication, 27(3), 140- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 149. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Burstyn, V. (1999). The rites of men: manhood, politics and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the culture of sport. Toronto: Toronto University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Carroll, J. (1985). Sport: virtue and grace. Theory, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Culture & Society, 3(1), 91-98. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Caves, R. E. (1987). American industry: structure, conduct, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | performance (6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Closius, P. J. (1985). The ground rules of immunity, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | exemption, and liability. In A. T. Johnson & J. H. Frey | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Eds.), Government and sport: The public policy issues | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (pp. 140-161). Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Allanheld. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Coakley, J. J. (2003). Sports in society: issues and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | controversies (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: society, the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Copeland, R., Frisby, W., & McCarville, R. (1996). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Understanding the sport sponsorship process from a | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | corporate perspective. Journal of Sport Management, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 10(1), 32-48. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Creedon, P. J. (1998). Woman, sports, and media | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | institution: issues in sports journalism and marketing. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp. 88-99). New | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | York: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Crolley, L., & Teso, E. (2007). Gendered narratives in | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spain. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 42(2), 149-166. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Curran, J., Gurevitch, M., & Woollacott, J. (1982).Culture, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | society, and the media. In M. Gurevitch, T. Bennett, J. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Curran, & J. Woollacott (Eds.), The study of the media: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | theoretical approaches (pp.11-29). London: Methuen. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Daddario, G. (1994). Chilly scenes of the 1992 Winter | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Games: the mass media and the marginalization of female | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | athletes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 11(3), 275-288. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Davis, L. E. (1974). Self regulation in basketball, 1909- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 71. In R.G. Noll (Ed.), Government and sport business | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (pp. 349-386). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Davis, L. E. (1997). Hegemonic masculinity on the hot seat: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sparring with Sports Illustrated over its swimsuit | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | issue. Albany: State University of New York Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dixon, D. R. (1985). Research in sports marketing. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marketing Communications, 10(9), 79-82. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Donnelly, P. (1996). The local and the global:globalization | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | in the sociology of sport. Journal of Sport & Social | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Issues, 20(3), 239-257. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duncan, M. A. (1990). Sports photographs and sexual | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | difference: images of men and women in the 1984 and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1988 Olympic Games, Sociology of Sport Journal, 7(1), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 22-43. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duncan, M. A., & Messner, M. A. (1998). The media image of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport and gender. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (pp. 170-185). New York: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duncan, M. A., Messner, M., & Williams, L. (1990). Gender | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | stereotyping in televised sports. Los Angeles: Amateur | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duncan, M. A., & Hasbrook, C. (1988). Denial of power in | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | televised women’s, Sports in Sociology of Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal, 5(1), 1-21. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Duncan, M. C., & Brummett, B. (1989).Types and sources of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | spectating pleasure in televised sports, Sociology of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sport Journal, 6, 195-211. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eastman, S. T., & Meyer, T. P. (1989). Sports programming: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | scheduling, costs, and competition. In L. A. Wenner | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Ed.), Media, Sport, and Society (pp. 97-119). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eitzen, D. S. (Ed.). (2001). Sport in contemporary society: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | an anthology (6th ed.). New York: Worth. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eitzen, D. S. (1999). Fair and foul. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Littlefield. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eitzen, D. S., & Sage, G. H. (1993). Sociology of American | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport (5th ed.). Madison. WI: Brown & Benchmark | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Elliott, S. (2004, January 29). The media business: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | advertising; the super spots lighten up, at $2.3 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | million for 30 seconds. The New York Times. Retrieved | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | June 17, 2008, from: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html? | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | res=9E04E0D71338F93AA15752C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | =2 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Emerson, R. (1993). Globalball. The Bulletin, 8 November, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 77-82. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Falcous, M., & Maguire, J. (2006).Imaging ‘America’: the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | NBA and local-global mediascapes. International Review | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | for the Sociology of Sport, 41(1), 59-78. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Furst, A. S. (1994). A case study of how one company uses | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports sponsorship to teach a female audience. Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Marketing Quarterly, III, 35-42. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gavora, J. (2002). Titling the playing field. New York: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Encounter Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Giulianotti, R. (2005). Sport: a critical sociology. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cambridge, UK; Malden, MA: Polity. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldstein, J. H., & Bredemeier, B. J. (1977).Socialization: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | some basic issues. Journal of Communication, 27(3), 154- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 159. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gorn, E., & Goldstein, W. (1993). A brief history of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | American sports. New York: Hill & Wang. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greendorfer, S. L. (1993). Women in sport: issues and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | controversies. In G. L. Cohen (Ed.), Gender role | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | stereotypes and early child socialization (pp. 3-14). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Newbury Park, CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Greer, D. F. (1980). Industrial organization and public | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | policy. New York: Macmillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gruneau, R., & Whitson, D. (1993). Hockey night in Canada: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport, identities, and cultural politics. Toronto: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Garamond Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Guttmann, A. (1991). Sport diffusion: a response to Maguire | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and the Americanization commentaries. Sociology of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sport Journal, 8, 185-190. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Halbert, C., & Latimer, M. (1994). Battling gendered | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | language: an analysis of the language used by sports | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | commentator in a televised coed tennis competition. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sociology of Sport Journal, 11, 298-308. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hall, M. A. (2002). The girl and the game. Toronto: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Broadview. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hall, S. (1997). The local and the global: globalization | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and ethnicity. In A. D. King (Ed.), Culture, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | globalization, and the world-system (pp. 19-39). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Minneapolis Minn.: University of Minnesota Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hallmark, J. R., & Armstrong, R. N. (1999). Gender equity | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | in televised sports: A comparative analysis of men’s | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and women’s NCAA Division I Basketball Championship | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Broadcasts, 1991-1995. Journal of Broadcasting & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Electronic media, 43(2), 222-235. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hargreaves, J. A. (1994). Sporting females. London: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hargreaves, J. A. (1993). Gender on the sports agenda. In | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | A. G. Ingham & J. W. Loy (Eds.), Sport in social | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | development (pp.167-185). Champaign, Ill.: Human | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kinetics. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hargreaves, J. A. (1982). Sport and hegemony: some | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | theoretical problems. In H. Cantelon & R. Gruneau | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Eds.), Sport, culture and the modern state. Toronto: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University of Toronto Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Harvey, J., & Houle, F. (2001). Sport, world economy, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | global culture, and new social movements. In A. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yiannakis & M. J. Melnick (Eds.), Contemporary issues | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | in sociology of sport (pp. 447-459). Champaign, IL: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Human Kinetics. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Higgs, C., Weiller, K., & Martin, S. (2003). Gender bias in | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the 1996 Olympic games: a comparative analysis, Journal | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of Sport and Social Issues, 27(1), 52-64. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Higgs, D. T., & Weiller, K. H. (1994). Gender bias and the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1992 Summer Olympic Games: an analysis of television | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | coverage. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 18, 234- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 246. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hilliard, D. C. (1994). Televised sport and the (anti) | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sociological imagination. Journal of Sport and Social | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Issues, 18, 88-99. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hirst, P. (1997). The global economy- myths and realities. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | International Affairs, 73(3), 409-425. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Horne, J. (2006). Sport in consumer culture. New York: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Palgrave Macmillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | IOC (International Olympic Committee) (2003). Brocast | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | rights: global broadcast revenue. Retrieved July 16, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 2008, from: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | http://www.olympic.org/uk/organization/facts/revenue/broadcast_uk.asp | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | IOC (International Olympic Committee) (2004, October 12). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Press release: global TV viewing of Athens 2004 games | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | breaks records. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from: http://www.olympic.org/uk/includes/common/article_print_uk.asp?id=1117 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Irwin, R. L., & Asimakopoulos, M. K. (1992). An approach to | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the evaluation and selection of sport sponsorship | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | proposals. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 1(2). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jacobson, N. S., Waldron, H., & Moore, D. (1980). Toward a | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | behavioral profile of marital distress. Journal of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 696-703. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jhally, S. (1989). Cultural studies and the sports/media | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | complex. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, Sport, and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Society (pp.70-93). Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jhally, S. (1984). The spectacle of accumulation: Material | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and cultural factors in the evolution of the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports/media complex. Insurgent Sociologist, 12(3), 41- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 57. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kane, M. J., & Parks, J. B. (1992). The social construction | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of gender difference and hierarchy in sport journalism- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | few new twists on very old themes. Women’s Sport and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Physical Activity Journal, 1, 49-83. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Katz, H. (2003). The media handbook (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lawrence Erlbaum Associate. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kimmel, M. S. (1990). Baseball and the reconstitution of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | American masculinity 1880-1920. In M. A. Messner & D. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | F. Sabo (Eds.), Sport, men and the gender order: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | critical feminist perspectives (pp. 55-65). Champaign, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ill.: Human Kinetics. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | King, J. P., & Chi, P. S. K. (1979). Sports, games and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | play: social and psychological viewpoints. In J. H. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Goldstein (Ed.), Social structure, sex-roles, and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | personality: comparisons of male-female athletes/ non- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | athletes (pp. 115-148). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Klatell, D. A., & Marcus, N. (1988). Sports for sale: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | television, money, and the fans. New York: Oxford | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Komoroski, L., & Biemond, H. (1996). Sponsor | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | accountability: designing and utilizing an evaluation | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | system. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5(2), 35-39. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lancaster, K. M., & Katz, H. (1989). Strategic media | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | planning. Lincolnwood, Ill: NTC Business Books. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lash, S., & Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and space. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | London: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Leifer, E. (1995). Making the majors: the transformation of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | team sports in American. Cambridge, MA: Harvard | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lenskyj, H. (1986). Out of bounds. Toronto: Women’s Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lines, G. (2002). The sports star in the media- the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | gendered construction and youthful consumption of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports personalities, In J. Sugden & A. Tomlinson | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Eds.), Power games: a critical sociology of sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (pp.196-215). London; New York: Routledge | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lines, G. (2001). The media spectacle of women at the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Olympics: dissimulation, legitimation and issues of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | patriarchy, In M. Keech & G. McFee (Eds.), Issues and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | values in sport and leisure cultures (pp. 141-166). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Aachen: Meyer & Meyer. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lipsky, R. (1981). How we play the game. Boston: Beacon. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lobmeyer, H., & Weidinger, L. (1992). Commercialization as | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | a dominant factor in the American sports scene: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sources, development, prospects. International Review | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | for the Sociology of Sport, 27, 309-327. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lopiano, D. (1996, March). Women athletes deserve respect | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | from the media. USA today, 124(610), 74-76. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lough, N. L., & Irwin, R. L. (2001). A comparative analysis | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of sponsorship objectives for U.S. women’s sport and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | traditional sport sponsorship. Sport Marketing | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Quarterly, 10(4), 202-211. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lough, N. L. (1996). Factors affecting corporate | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sponsorship of women’s sport. Sport Marketing | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Quaterly, 5(2), 11-19. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Loy, J. W., McPherson, B. D., & Kenyon, G. S. (1978). Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and social systems. Reading, MA: Addition-Wesley. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Luwig, S., & Karabestos, J. D. (1999). Objectives and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | evaluation processes utilized by sponsors of the 1996 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 8(1), 11-19. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McCarville, R. E., & Copeland, R. P. (1994). Understanding | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport sponsorship through exchange theory. Journal of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sport Management, 12(1), 102-114. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McChesney, R.W. (1989). Media made sport: a history of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports coverage in the United States, In L. A. Wenner | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Ed.), Media, sports, and society. Newbury Park, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Calif.: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McDonald, C. (1991). Sponsorship and the image of the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing, 25(1), 31- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 38. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | McKay, J., & Miller, T. (1991). From old boys to men and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | women of the corporation: the Americanization and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | commodification of Australian sport. Sociology of Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal, 8, 86-94. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maguire, J., Jarvie, G., Mansfield, L., & Bradley, J. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (2002). Sport worlds- a sociological perspective. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maguire, J. (1999). Global sport: identities, societies, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | civilizations. London: Polity. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maguire, J. (1993). Globalization, sport development, and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the media/sport production complex. Sports Science | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Review, 2, 29-47. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mangan, J. A. (1986).The games ethic and imperialism. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | London: Viking. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mangan, J. A. (1981). Athleticism in the Victorian and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Edwardian public school. Cambridge: Cambridge | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Markula, P. (1995). Firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | but thin. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 424-453. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Meenaghan, T. (1991). The role of sponsorship in the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | marketing communication mix. International Journal of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Advertising, 10(1), 35-47. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Cooky, C. (2003). Silence, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports bras, and wrestling porn. Journal of Sport & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Social Issues, 27(1), 38-51. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Wachs, F. L. (1996). The | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | gender of audience-building: televised coverage of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | women’s and men’s NCAA basketball. Sociological | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Inquiry, 66, 422-439. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Messner, M. A., Duncan, M. C., & Jensen, K. (1993). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Separating the men from the girls: the gendered | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | language of televised sports. Gender and Society, 7(1), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 121-137. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Messner, M. A. (1988). Sports and male domination: the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | female athletes as contested ideological terrain. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sociology of Sport Journal, 5(3), 197-211. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Miller, S. (1984, Nov.). Television and sports: the ties | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | that bind. USA today, 113: 81-83 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Miller, T., Lawrence, G., McKay, J., & Rowe, D. (2001). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Globalization and sport. London: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mosco, V. (1979). Broadcasting in the United States: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | innovative challenge and organizational control. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Norwood, NJ: Ablex. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mulvey, L. (1989). Visual and other pleasures. London: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Macmillan. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Murdock, G. (1992). Citizens, consumers, and public | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | culture. In M. Skovman & K. Schroder (Eds.), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Reappraising transnational media (pp. 17-41). London: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nixon, H. L. (1984). Sport and the American dream. New | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | York: Leisure Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ohlmeyer, D. (1979). Sports. In S. Morgenstern (Ed.), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Inside the TV business. New York: Sterling. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Parente, D. E. (1977). The interdependence of sport and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | television. Journal of Communication, 29, 94-102. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA:Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Powers, R. (1984). Supertube: the rise of television | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports. New York: Coward-McCann. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rader, B. G. (1984). In its own image: how television has | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | transformed sports. New York: Free Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Raney, A. A., & Bryant, J. (Eds.). (2006). Handbooks of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sports and media. Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Real, M. R. (1999). Aerobics and feminism. In R. Martin & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | T. Miller (Eds.), SportCult. Minneapolis: University of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Minnesota Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Real, M. R. (1989). Super media: a cultural studies | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | approach. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Real, M. R. (1975). Super bowl: mythic spectacle. Journal | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of Communication, 25(1), 31-43. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Riodan, J. (1991). The rise, fall and rebirth of sporting | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | women in Russia and the USSR. Journal of Sport History, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 18(1), 183-199. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rowe, D. (1999). Sport, culture and the media. Buckingham: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Open University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rowe, D. (1996). Taming the “media monsters”: cultural | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | policy and sports TV. Metro, 105, 57-61. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rowe, D., Lawrence, G., Miller, T., & McKay, J. (1994). | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Global sport? Core concern and peripheral vision. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Media, Culture & Society, 16, 661-675. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rutherford, P. (1978). The making of the Canadian media. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Torondo: McGraw Hill-Ryerson. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sabo, D., & Jansen, S. C. (1992). Images of men in sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | media: the social reproduction of the gender order. In | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | S. Craig (Ed.), Men, masculinity, and the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | media (pp. 169-184). Newbury Park: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Saint-Germain, M., & Harvey, J. (1998). Commodification, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | globalization and the Canadian sport industry. Avante, 4 | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (1), 90-112. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Scherer, F. M. (1970). Industrial market structure and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | economic performance. Chicago: Rand McNally. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Shenker, B., & Armstrong, R. N. (1990). Men’s and women’s | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | televised college basketball games: a comparative | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | quantitative analysis of video production techniques. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Paper presented at the meeting of Speech Communication | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Association, Chicago. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Shoenfelt, E. L., Maue, A. E., & Hatcher, E. B. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (1999). “We got next”- next what? Sport Marketing | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Quarterly, 8(3), 31-40. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sleight, S. (1989). Sponsorship: what it is and how to use | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | it. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: McGraw Hill. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Smith, P. (1997). Millennial dreams. London: Verso. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Snyder, E. E., & Spreitzer, E. A. (1989). Social aspects of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | sport (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sobel, L. S. (1977). Professional sports and the law: New | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | York: Law-Arts. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spalding, J. W. (1963-64). 1928: Radio becomes a mass | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | advertising medium. Journal of Broadcasting, 8, 31-44. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sparks, R. (1992). Delivering the male’: sports, Canadian | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | television, and the making of TSN. Canadian Journal of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Communication, 17, 319-342. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Spence, J. (1988). Up close and personal: the inside story | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of network television sports. New York: Atheneum. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association. (1998). State of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | the induatry report. FL: Auhor. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stevens, J. (1987). The rise of the sports page. Gannett | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Center Journal, 1, 1-11. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stotlar, D. K. (1993). Successful sport marketing. Dubuque, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | IA: Wm. C. Brown Communications. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sutton, W. A. (1994). Communicating with women in the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 1990s: the role of sport marketing. Sport Marketing | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Quarterly, 3(2), 9-20. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Teeple, G. (1995). Globalization and the decline of social | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | reform. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Humanities Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Theberge, N., & Cronk, A. (1986). Work routines in | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | newspaper sports departments and the coverage of | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | women’s sports. Sociology of Sport Journal, 3, 195-203. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Turow, J. (1984). Interpreting television: current research | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | perspectives. In W. D. Rowland, Jr. & B. Watkins | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (Eds.), Pressure groups and television entertainment: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | a framework for analysis (pp. 142-162). Beverly Hills, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | CA: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Vamplew, W. (1994). Australians and sport. In W. Vamplew & | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | B. Stoddart (Eds.), Sport in Australia. Melbourne: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wagner, E. A. (1990). Sport in Asia and Africa: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Americanization or mundialization? Sociology of Sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal, 7, 399-402. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Walby, S. (1997). Gender transformations. London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenner, L. A., & Gantz, W. (1998). Watching sports on | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | television: audience experience, gender, fanship, and | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | marriage. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp. 233- | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 251). New York: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wenner, L. A. (1989). Media, sports, and society: the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | research agenda. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), Media, sports, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and society (pp.13-45). Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wernick, A. (1991). Promotional culture: advertising, | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ideology, and symbolic expression. Newbury Park, CA: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sage. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whannel, G. (2002). Media sport stars. London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whannel, G. (1998). Reading the sports media audience, In | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp.221-232). London: | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whannel, G. (1995). Television spectacle and the | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | internationalization of sport. Journal of Communication | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Enquiry, 9(2), 54-74. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | White, A. (1998). Free TV thrives down under with sport | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | fare. Variety, 371(8), 32-33. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whitson, D. (1998). Circuits of promotion: media, marketing | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and the globalization of sport. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | MediaSport (pp. 57-72). New York : Routledge. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Williams, J. (1994). The local and the global in English | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | soccer and the rise of satellite television. Sociology | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of Sport Journal, 11, 376-397. | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Yiannakis, A., & Melnick, M. J. (2001). Contemporary issues | zh_TW |
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | in sociology of sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. | zh_TW |