1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Communication
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 尋找理想的廣電新聞訪問者：論述角度之探析
作者 江靜之
貢獻者 鍾蔚文
江靜之
關鍵詞 廣電新聞訪問
論述分析
公眾
杜威
言談/論述
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:51:35 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主要從論述角度著手，探索廣電新聞訪問者在理想上，應該如何進行訪問，實踐新聞機構（institution）塑形公眾之功能。

不同以往的實然面研究，本論文企圖透過理論討論，為廣電新聞訪問者建立應然面的標準。並且透過論述分析，將此應然面標準落實到實際的言談行動上，為訪問者提出可努力的理論方向，以及行動的可能性。同時開啟改變與討論的契機。

有鑑以往論述分析在廣電新聞訪問研究上，未能凸顯、討論廣電新聞訪問者之「新聞」機構特質。本論文從整理公眾概念開始，進一步討論廣電特性，進而對於廣電新聞訪問者應如何進行訪問，提出初探之理論模式。

本篇論文首先借鏡John Dewey及公眾新聞學理念，討論廣電新聞訪問者之新聞機構特質，即將閱聽人視為「公眾」。接著，針對廣電新聞訪問者之媒介特質，包括廣電、口語及文類等特性，提出兩項廣電新聞訪問者應以言談行動，實踐之理論主張——視閱聽人為有機公眾，以及視受訪者為溝通對象。

針對以上建立的兩項理論主張，本研究從論述分析角度出發，以個案研究法，探究廣電新聞訪問者如何使用語言，實踐上述主張。個案分析方向有三：（一）訪問者如何運用公/私領域之談話資源，將訪問設定為與「公眾」有關之「公」事，並且形塑與受訪者之間的平等關係；（二）訪問者如何在言談設計上，連結訪問主題與閱聽人的關係，建構主動的有機公眾；（三）訪問者如何將受訪者定位成溝通對象，促使受訪者以言談行動，共同建構「公眾」，並引發閱聽人的涉入，作公眾溝通的示範表演，達成Dewey的民主教育理想。
參考文獻 方念萱(1995)。The Internet As a Public Sphere: A Habermasian Approach.
台北市：行政院國科會科資中心。
江靜之（2003）。〈廣播新聞專訪之問句句型與功能初探〉。《新聞學研究》，76: 155-186。
李伯黍（2002）（譯）。《心理學辭典》。台北：五南。（原書Reber, A. S. [1985]. The penguin dictionary of psychology. New York : Penguin Books）
李康、李猛（譯）（2002）。《社會的構成》。台北：左岸文化。（原書Giddens A. [1984]. The constitution of society : Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley : University of California Press.）
邱珍琬（譯）（1998）。《傾聽—人際關係中溝通的藝術》。台北：遠流。（原書Nichols, M. P. □1995□. The lost art of listening. )
周金福（譯）（2003）《新聞倫理：存在主義的觀點》。台北：巨流。（原書Merrill, J. C. □1977□. Existential journalism.)
林以亮、婁貽哲（譯）（1976）。《自由與文化》。台北：台灣學生。（原書Dewey, J. □1939□. Freedom and culture. New York : Capricorn)
林秀娟（1993）。《人稱代名詞在國語會話中的語用用法》。台灣師範大學英語研究所碩士論文。
林添貴（譯）（2000）。《MBA當家：企業化經營下報業的改變》。台北：正中。（原
書Underwood, D. When MBAs Rule the newsroom: how the marketers and managers are shaping today’s media.)
林靜伶（2000）。《語藝批評—理論與實踐》。台北：五南。
屈承熹（1999）。《漢語認知功能語法》。台北：文鶴。
胡菁琦（2002）。《國語附加問句的言談功能與語法化研究》。國立師範大學英語研究所碩士論文。
翁秀琪（1998）。〈批判語言學、在地權力觀和新聞文本分析：宋楚瑜辭官事件中李宋會的新聞分析〉，《新聞學研究》，57: 91-126。
黃宣範（譯）（1983）。《漢語語法》。台北：文鶴。（原書：Thompson, S. A. [1981]. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley : University of California Press）
陳世敏（譯）（1994）。《美國大眾傳播思潮：從摩斯到麥克魯漢》。台北：源流。（原書Czitrom, D. J. [1982]. Media and the American mind from Morse to McLuhan. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press）
陳欣薇（2001）。《漢語是非問句形式與功能的對應》。政治大學語言學研究所碩士論文。
陳陽窗]2003）。《新聞控制與反控制：「記實避禍」的報導策略》。台北：五南。
陸曄、潘忠黨（2002）。〈成名的想像：中國社會轉型過程中新聞從業者的專業主義化與建構〉，《新聞學研究》，71: 17-59。
馮小龍（1996）。《廣播新聞原理與製作》。台北：正中。
湯廷池（1981）。〈國語疑問句的研究〉，m師大學報》，26: 219-276。
湯廷池（2000）。〈漢語的情態副詞：語意內涵與句法功能〉，《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》，71(1): 199-219。
張培倫、鄭佳瑜（譯）（2002）。《媒體倫理》。台北：韋伯文化。（原書Kieran, M. [1998]. Media ethics. London: Routledge）
張鐘尹（1997）。《漢語對話中的疑問句》。台灣大學語言學研究所碩士論文。
趙剛（1997）。〈什麼是「民主」？什麼是「公共」？--杜威對自由主義的批判與重建〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》，25: 33-82。
楊貞德（1994年11月）。〈「大社群」--杜威論工業社會中民主的必要及其可行性〉，「政治社群學術研討會」，台北中央研究院。
楊意菁（2002）。《民意公共性與媒體再現：以民調報導與談話性節目為例》。國
立政治大學新聞學系博士論文。
管燕紅（譯）（1998）。《朗文語言教學及應用語言學辭典》。香港：朗文。（原書.
Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Platt, H. [1992]. Longman dictionary of language
teaching & applied linguistics. Essex, England : Longman）
劉月華、潘文娛、故韡（2002）。《實用現代漢語語法》。台北：師大書苑。
謝佳玲（2001）。《漢語的情態動詞》。國立清華大學語言學研究所博士論文。
鍾蔚文（2004）。〈想像y言：從Saussure到台灣經驗〉。《台灣傳播學的想像（上）》，頁199-264，台北：巨流。
Altheide, D. L. (2002). Journalistic interviewing. In Gubrium, J. F. & Holstein, J. A.
(Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context & method (pp. 411-430).
Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Antaki, C., & Widdicombe, S. (1998). Identity as an achievement and as a tool. In
Charles Antaki and Sue Widdicombe (Eds.). Identities in talk (pp. 1-14). London:
Sage.
Arminen, I. (2000). On the context sensitivity of institutional interaction. Discourse & Society, 11(4), 435-458.
Baran, S. J. & Davis, D. K. (2000). Mass Communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future (2nd ed.). Australia ; Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.
Barker, C., & Galasiński, D. (2001). Cultural studies and discourse analysis: a dialogue on language and identity. London: Sage.
Barone J. T., & Switzer, J. Y. (1995). Interviewing art and skill. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Beaugrande, R. de (2002). Discourse studies and the ideology of liberalism. In Michael Toolan (Ed.). Critical discourse analysis: Critical concepts in linguistics (pp. 162-201). London: Routlege.
Biagi, S. (1986). Interviews that work: a practical guide for journalists. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Billig, M., Condor, S., Edwards, D., Gane, M., Middleton, D., & Radley, A. (1988). Ideological dilemmas: a social psychology of everyday thinking. London: Sage.
Burman, E., & Parker, I. (1993). Introduction-discourse analysis: the turn to the text. In Erica Burman & Ian Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research : Rrepertoires and readings of texts in action. London: Routledge.
Campbell, C. C. (1999). Forward: journalism as a democratic art. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp. xiii-xxix). New York: Guilford .
Carey, J. W.（1999）. In defense of public journalism. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp.49-66). New York: Guilford.
Chapman, S. (2000). Philosophy for linguists: an introduction. London: Routledge.
Charity, A. (1995). Doing Public Journalism. New York: Guilford.
Chouliaraki, L., & Fairclough, N. (1999). Discourse in late modernity: Rethinking critical discourse analysis. Edinburgh, England: Edinburgh University Press.
Clayman, S. E. (1988). Displaying neutrality in television news interviews. Social
Problems, 35(4), 474-492.
Clayman, S. E. (1989). The production of punctuality: Social interaction, temporal
organization, and social structure. The American Journal of Sociology, 95(3),
659-691.
Clayman, S. E. (1991). News interview openings: Aspects of sequential organization. In Paddy Scannell (Ed.), Broadcast talk (pp.48-75). London: Sage.
Clayman, S. E. (2002). Tribune of the people: Maintaining the legitimacy of aggressive journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 24, 197-216.
Clayman, S. E., & Heritage, J. (2002). The news interviews: Journalists and public figures on the air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Compton, J. (2000). Communicative politics and public journalism. Journalism Studies, 1(3), 449-467.
Cook, G., Pieri, E., & Robbins, P. T. (2004). ‘The scientists think and the public feels’: expert perceptions of the discourse of GM food. Discourse & Society, 15(4), 433-449.
Costera Meijer, I. (2001). The public quality of popular journalism: Developing a normative framework. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 189-205.
Costera Meijer, I. (2003). What is quality television news? A plea for extending the professional repertoire of newmakers. Journalism Studies, 4(1), 15-29.
Coulter, J. (1990). Elementary properties of argument sequences. In George Psathas (Ed.), Interaction competence (pp. 181-203). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
Dahlgren, P. (1995). Television and the public sphere: Citizenship, democracy, and the media. London: Sage.
Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1999). Positioning and personhood. In Rom Harré and Luk
van Langenhove (Eds.), Positioning theory: Moral contexts of intentional
action (pp. 32-52). Oxford: Blackwell.
Dewey, J. (1925). The later works, 1925-1953. (Vol. 2). Carbondale, Ill. : Southern
Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. London: George Allen & Unwin
Drew, P., & Heritage, J. (1992). Analyzing talk at work: an introduction. In Paul Drew & John Heritage (Eds.), Talk at work: Iinteraction in institutional settings (pp. 3-65). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Donsbach, W. (2004). Psychology of news decisions: Factors behind journalists’ professional behavior. Journalism, 5(2), 131-157.
Drew, P., & Sorjonen, M. (1997). Institutional dialogue. In Teun A. van Dijk(Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp.92-118). London, Thousand Oaks, & New Delhi: Sage.
Dzur, A. W. (2002). Public journalism and deliberative democracy. Polity, 34(3), 313-336.
Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (2001). Discursive psychology. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley(Eds.). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 12-24). London: Continuum.
Ekström, M. (2001). Politicians interviewed on television news. Discourse & Society, 12(5), 563-584
Ekström, M. (2002). Epistemologies of TV journalism. Journalism, 3(3), 259-282.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
Fairclough, N. (1995a). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. London: Longman.
Fariclough, N. (1995b). Media discourse. New York: Arnold.
Fairclough, N. (1998). Political discourse in the media: an analytical framework. In Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse (pp.142-162). Oxford, U.K: Blackwell.
Fairclough, N. (2001a). Critical discourse analysis. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley (Eds.), How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 25-38). London: Continuum.
Fairclough, N. (2001b). The discourse of new labour: critical discourse analysis. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. J. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 229-266). London: Sage.
Fairclough, N. (2001c). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp.121-38). London: Sage.
Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In Teun A. van Dijk(Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp.258-284). London,: Sage.
Fowler, R., & Kress, G. (1979). Critical linguistics. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 185-213). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Freed, A. F. (1994). The form and function of questions in informal dyadic conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 21, 621-644.
Garrison, B. (1992). Professional news reporting. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gee, J. P. (1999). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. London: Routledge.
Geren, P. R. (2001). Public discourse: Creating the conditions for dialogue concerning the common good in a postmodern heterogeneous democracy. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 20, 191-199.
Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Goody, E. N. (1978). Towards a theory of questions. In Esther N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness (pp. 17-43). London: Cambridge.
Gouinlock, J. (1990).The later works, 1925-1953. (Vol. 2). Carbondale, Ill. : Southern Illinois University Press
Grant, D., Keenoy, T., & Oswick, C. (1998). Introduction: organizational discourse: of
diversity, dichotomy and multi-disciplinarity. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, and Cliff Oswick (Eds.), Discourse and organization (pp. 1-13). London: Sage.
Greatbatch, D. (1998). Conversation analysis: neutralism in British news interviews. In Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse (pp. 163-185). Oxford: Blackwell.
Haas, T. (1999). What’s “public” about public journalism? Public journalism and the lack of a coherent public philosophy. Communication Theory, 9(3), 346-364.
Hardy, C., Lawrence, T. B., Phillips, N. (1998). Talk and action: conversations and narrative in interorganizational collaboration. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, & Cliff Oswick(Eds.). Discourse and organization (pp. 65-83). London: Sage.
Heritage, J. (1984). Garfinkel and ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Heritage, J. (1985). Analyzing news interviews: aspects of the production of talk for
an overhearing audience. In Teun A. van Dijk (Ed.). Handbook of discourse (pp.
95-117). London: Academic Press.
Heritage, J. (1997). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: analyzing data. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 161-82). London: Sage.
Heritage, J., & Greatbatch, D. (1993). On the institutional character of institutional talk: the case of news interviews. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 93-137). Oxford: Polity Press.
Heritage, J., & Roth, A. (1995). Grammar and institution: Questions and questioning
in the broadcast news interview. Research on Language and Social Interaction,
28(1), 1-60.
Heritage, J., & Watson, R. (1979). Formulations as conversational objects. In G. Pasthas (Eds.), Everyday language: studies in ethnomethodology (pp. 123-162). New York: Irvington.
Hester, S., & Francis, D. (2001). Is institutional talk a phenomenon? Reflection on ethnomethodology and applied conversation analysis. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley(Eds.). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 206-217). London: Continuum.
Holbert, R. L., & Zubric, S. J. (2000). A comparative analysis: objective & public journalism techniques. Newspaper Research Journal, 21(4), 50-67.
Hume, E. (1995). Tabloids, talk radio, and the future of news: Technology’s impact on journalism. Washington, DC.: The Annenberg Washington Program.
Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1999). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. MA: Polity Press.
Iedema, R. & Wodak, R. (1999). Introduction: organizational discourses and practices. Discourse & Society, 10(1), 5-20.
Iggers, J. (1998). Good news, bad news: Journalism ethics and the public interest. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Jalbert, P. L. (1995). Critique and analysis in media studies: media criticism as practical action. Discourse & Society, 6(1), 7-26.
Jäger, S. (2001). Discourse and knowledge: theoretical and methodological aspects of a critical discourse and dispositive analysis. In Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer(Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage.
Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis: As theory and method. London: Sage.
Jucker, A. H. (1986). News interviews: a pragmalinguistic analysis. Amsterdam, Ntherlands: J. Benjamins.
Kearsley, G. P. (1976). Questions and question asking in verbal discourse: a cross-
disciplinary review. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5(4), 355-375.
Kress, G. (1979). The social values of speech and writing. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 46-62). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Kress, G., & Fowler, R. (1979). Interviews. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 63-68). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Lewis, J., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2004). Images of citizenship on television news: constructing a passive public. Journalism Studies, 5(2), 153-164.
Ljunggren, C. (2003). The public has to define itself: Dewey, Habermas, and Rorty on democracy and individuality. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 22, 351-370.
Maier, S. R., & Potter, D. (2001). Public journalism through the lens: how television broadcasters covered campaign ’96. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 320-334.
Martínez E. R. (2003). Accomplishing closings in talk show interviews: a comparison with news interviews. Discourse Studies, 5(3), 283-302.
McHoul, A., & Rapley, M. (2001). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods. London: Continuum.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: the extensions of man. London: Routledge.
McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: Let the citizen beware? Thousand Oaks: Sage.
McNair, B. (1999). News and journalism in the UK: a textbook. (3rd ed.). London: Routledge..
McNair, B. (2000). Journalism and democracy: an evaluation of the political public sphere. London: Routledge.
Merritt, D. (1995). Public journalism and public life: Why telling the news is not enough. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocs.
Merritt, D., & McCombs, M. (2004). The two W’s of journalism: The why and what of public affairs reporting. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Miller, G. (1997a). Toward ethnographies of institutional discourse: proposal and suggestions. In Gale Miller & Robert Dingwall (Eds.), Context and Method in Qualitative Research (pp.155-171). London: Sage.
Miller, G. (1997b). Building bridge: the possibility of analytic dialogue between ethnography, conversation analysis and Foucault. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 24-44). London: Sage.
Mumby, D. K. (1994). Communication and power in organizations: Discourse, ideology, and domination (2nd ed.). Norwood, NJ.: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Nichols, S. L. (2003). Public journalism: Evaluating the movement’s trajectory through institutional stages of development in the journalistic field. Doctoral dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Ohara, Y. (2002). Ideolog of language and gender: a critical discourse analysis of Japanese prescriptive texts. In Michael Toolan (Ed.), Critical discourse analysis: Critical concepts in linguistics (pp. 273-286). London: Routlege.
Peters, J. D.(1999).Public journalism and democratic theory: four challenges. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp.99-117). New York: The Guilford Press.
Pomerantz, A. (1988). Offering a candidate answer: an information seeking strategy. Communication Monographs, 55, 360-373.
Potter, J. (1997). Discourse analysis as a way of analyzing naturally occurring talk. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 144-60). London: Sage.
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes, and behaviour. London: Sage.
Psathas, G. (1995a). “Talk and social structure” and “studies of work”. Human Studies, 18, 139-155.
Psathas, G. (1995b). Conversation analysis: the study of talk-in-interaction. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
Richardson, F. C., Rogers, A., & McCarroll, J. (1998). Toward a dialogical self.
American Behavioral Scientist, 41(4), 496-515.
Rosen, J. (1996). Getting the connections right : public journalism and the troubles in the press. New York: Twentieth Century Fund
Roth, A. L. (1998). Who makes the news? Descriptions of television news interviewees’ public personae. Media, Culture & Society, 20, 79-107.
Scannell, P. (1991). Introduction: the relevance of talk. In Paddy Scannell (Ed.),
Broadcast talk (pp. 1-13). London: Sage.
Scannell, P. (1996). Radio, television and modern life: a phenomenological approach. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Schegoloff, E. A. (1993). Reflections on talk and social structure. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 44-70). Oxford: Polity Press.
Schudson, M. (1994). Question authority: a history of the news interview in American journalism, 1860s-1930s. Media, Culture & Society, 16, 565-587.
Schudson, M. (2003). The sociology of news. New York: Norton.
Scollon, R. (1998). Mediated discourse as social interaction: a study of news discourse. London: Longman.
Schlesinger, P. (1978). Putting ‘reality’ together. London: Methuen.
Sinclair, A. & van Gessel, R.(1990). The form and function of questions in children’s
conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 14, 923-944.
Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are these guys? The online challenge to the notion of journalistic professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139-163.
Teo, P. (2000). Racism in the news: a critical discourse analysis of news reporting in
two Australian newspapers. Discourse & Society, 11(1), 7-49.
ten Have, P. (1999). Doing conversation analysis: a practical guide. London: Sage.
Titscher, S., Meyer, M., Wodak, R., & Vetter, E. (2000). Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis (J. Bryan Tran.). London: Sage.
Tolson, A. (2001). “Authentic” talk in broadcast news: the construction of community. The Communication Review, 4, 463-480.
van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp.95-120). London: Sage.
Verschueren, J. (1999). Understanding pragmatics. London: Arnold.
Weaver, D. H., & Wilhoit, G. C. (1996). The American journalist in the 1990s: U.S. news people at the end of an era. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Wetherell, M. (2001). Themes in discourse research: the case of Diana. In Wetherell Margaret, Taylor Stephanie, & Yates Simeon J. (Eds.), Discourse theory and practice: a reader (pp. 14-28 ). London: Sage.
Wilson, T. P. (1993). Social structure and the sequential organization of interaction. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.). Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 22-43). Oxford: Polity Press.
Winch, S. P. (1997). Mapping the cultural space of journalism: How journalists distinguish news from entertainment. London: Praeger.
Wolvin, A., & Coakley, C. G. (1996). Listening. IA: Brown & Benchmark.
Wood, L. A. & Kroger, R. O. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: methods for studying action in talk and text. Thousand Oaks, London: Sage.
Woodilla, J. (1998). Workplace conversations: the text of organizing. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, & Cliff Oswick(Eds.), Discourse and organization (pp. 31-50). London: Sage.
Woodstock, L. (2002). Public journalism’s talking cure. An analysis of the movement’s “problem” and “solution” narratives. Journalism, 3(1): 37-55.
Yankelovich, D. (1991). Coming to public judgment: Making democracy work in a complex world. New York: Syracuse University Press.
Zimmerman, D. H., & Boden, D. (1993). Structure-in-action: an introduction. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 3-21). Oxford: Polity Press.
李豔秋（主持人）（2003.8.18）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。
李豔秋（主持人）（2003.9.1）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。
范立達（主持人）（2003.9.23）。阿達新聞檔案。台北：News98電台。
高文音（訪問者）（2003.12.28）。東森新聞。台北：東森新聞。
陶令瑜（主持人）（2003.7.31）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。
陶晶瑩（主持人）（2000.12.19）。桃色新聞。台北：飛碟電台。
堯愛真（訪問者）（2000.12.19）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。
蕭德真（訪問者）（2001.1.8）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。
蕭德真（訪問者）（2001.1.17）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。
描述 博士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
88451504
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0884515042
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鍾蔚文zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 江靜之zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 江靜之zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:51:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:51:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:51:35 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0884515042en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33238-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88451504zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主要從論述角度著手，探索廣電新聞訪問者在理想上，應該如何進行訪問，實踐新聞機構（institution）塑形公眾之功能。

不同以往的實然面研究，本論文企圖透過理論討論，為廣電新聞訪問者建立應然面的標準。並且透過論述分析，將此應然面標準落實到實際的言談行動上，為訪問者提出可努力的理論方向，以及行動的可能性。同時開啟改變與討論的契機。

有鑑以往論述分析在廣電新聞訪問研究上，未能凸顯、討論廣電新聞訪問者之「新聞」機構特質。本論文從整理公眾概念開始，進一步討論廣電特性，進而對於廣電新聞訪問者應如何進行訪問，提出初探之理論模式。

本篇論文首先借鏡John Dewey及公眾新聞學理念，討論廣電新聞訪問者之新聞機構特質，即將閱聽人視為「公眾」。接著，針對廣電新聞訪問者之媒介特質，包括廣電、口語及文類等特性，提出兩項廣電新聞訪問者應以言談行動，實踐之理論主張——視閱聽人為有機公眾，以及視受訪者為溝通對象。

針對以上建立的兩項理論主張，本研究從論述分析角度出發，以個案研究法，探究廣電新聞訪問者如何使用語言，實踐上述主張。個案分析方向有三：（一）訪問者如何運用公/私領域之談話資源，將訪問設定為與「公眾」有關之「公」事，並且形塑與受訪者之間的平等關係；（二）訪問者如何在言談設計上，連結訪問主題與閱聽人的關係，建構主動的有機公眾；（三）訪問者如何將受訪者定位成溝通對象，促使受訪者以言談行動，共同建構「公眾」，並引發閱聽人的涉入，作公眾溝通的示範表演，達成Dewey的民主教育理想。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章□前言………………………………………………………1-5


第二章□鷚c談話研究……………………………………………6-21


第三章□建構廣電新聞訪問之新聞機構特質-----公眾……..22-80

□第一節□尋訪公眾：公共新聞學的公眾理念………………22-48

□第二節□想像公眾：廣電新聞訪問者的公眾理想…………49-63

□第三節□建構公眾：廣電新聞訪問者的語言工具…………64-80


第四章□研究方法…………………………………………………81-86


第五章□個案分析及討論…………………………………………87-157
□
□第一節□公與私的判準………………………………………87-108
□□ □第二節□視閱聽人為公眾……………………………………109-134
□
第三節□視受訪者為溝通對象………………………………135-157


第六章□結論……………………………………………………158-167

參考書目…………………………………………………………168-177

附錄一：對話過錄符號說明……………………………………178-179

附錄二：例1-3、例2-2、例3-1訪問者問題之發展……………180-186

附錄三：例3-3訪問分析之內容…………………………………187-190		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 43224 bytes-
dc.format.extent 86978 bytes-
dc.format.extent 86992 bytes-
dc.format.extent 82100 bytes-
dc.format.extent 171225 bytes-
dc.format.extent 288056 bytes-
dc.format.extent 528561 bytes-
dc.format.extent 186526 bytes-
dc.format.extent 599394 bytes-
dc.format.extent 219987 bytes-
dc.format.extent 239311 bytes-
dc.format.extent 65432 bytes-
dc.format.extent 186352 bytes-
dc.format.extent 193709 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0884515042en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 廣電新聞訪問zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 論述分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公眾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 杜威zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 言談/論述zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 尋找理想的廣電新聞訪問者：論述角度之探析zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 方念萱(1995)。The Internet As a Public Sphere: A Habermasian Approach.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 台北市：行政院國科會科資中心。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江靜之（2003）。〈廣播新聞專訪之問句句型與功能初探〉。《新聞學研究》，76: 155-186。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李伯黍（2002）（譯）。《心理學辭典》。台北：五南。（原書Reber, A. S. [1985]. The penguin dictionary of psychology. New York : Penguin Books）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李康、李猛（譯）（2002）。《社會的構成》。台北：左岸文化。（原書Giddens A. [1984]. The constitution of society : Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley : University of California Press.）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 邱珍琬（譯）（1998）。《傾聽—人際關係中溝通的藝術》。台北：遠流。（原書Nichols, M. P. □1995□. The lost art of listening. )zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 周金福（譯）（2003）《新聞倫理：存在主義的觀點》。台北：巨流。（原書Merrill, J. C. □1977□. Existential journalism.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林以亮、婁貽哲（譯）（1976）。《自由與文化》。台北：台灣學生。（原書Dewey, J. □1939□. Freedom and culture. New York : Capricorn)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林秀娟（1993）。《人稱代名詞在國語會話中的語用用法》。台灣師範大學英語研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林添貴（譯）（2000）。《MBA當家：企業化經營下報業的改變》。台北：正中。（原zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 書Underwood, D. When MBAs Rule the newsroom: how the marketers and managers are shaping today’s media.)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林靜伶（2000）。《語藝批評—理論與實踐》。台北：五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 屈承熹（1999）。《漢語認知功能語法》。台北：文鶴。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡菁琦（2002）。《國語附加問句的言談功能與語法化研究》。國立師範大學英語研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 翁秀琪（1998）。〈批判語言學、在地權力觀和新聞文本分析：宋楚瑜辭官事件中李宋會的新聞分析〉，《新聞學研究》，57: 91-126。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃宣範（譯）（1983）。《漢語語法》。台北：文鶴。（原書：Thompson, S. A. [1981]. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley : University of California Press）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳世敏（譯）（1994）。《美國大眾傳播思潮：從摩斯到麥克魯漢》。台北：源流。（原書Czitrom, D. J. [1982]. Media and the American mind from Morse to McLuhan. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳欣薇（2001）。《漢語是非問句形式與功能的對應》。政治大學語言學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳陽窗]2003）。《新聞控制與反控制：「記實避禍」的報導策略》。台北：五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陸曄、潘忠黨（2002）。〈成名的想像：中國社會轉型過程中新聞從業者的專業主義化與建構〉，《新聞學研究》，71: 17-59。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 馮小龍（1996）。《廣播新聞原理與製作》。台北：正中。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 湯廷池（1981）。〈國語疑問句的研究〉，m師大學報》，26: 219-276。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 湯廷池（2000）。〈漢語的情態副詞：語意內涵與句法功能〉，《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》，71(1): 199-219。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張培倫、鄭佳瑜（譯）（2002）。《媒體倫理》。台北：韋伯文化。（原書Kieran, M. [1998]. Media ethics. London: Routledge）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張鐘尹（1997）。《漢語對話中的疑問句》。台灣大學語言學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 趙剛（1997）。〈什麼是「民主」？什麼是「公共」？--杜威對自由主義的批判與重建〉，《台灣社會研究季刊》，25: 33-82。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊貞德（1994年11月）。〈「大社群」--杜威論工業社會中民主的必要及其可行性〉，「政治社群學術研討會」，台北中央研究院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊意菁（2002）。《民意公共性與媒體再現：以民調報導與談話性節目為例》。國zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 立政治大學新聞學系博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 管燕紅（譯）（1998）。《朗文語言教學及應用語言學辭典》。香港：朗文。（原書.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richards, J. C., Platt, J., & Platt, H. [1992]. Longman dictionary of languagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) teaching & applied linguistics. Essex, England : Longman）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉月華、潘文娛、故韡（2002）。《實用現代漢語語法》。台北：師大書苑。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝佳玲（2001）。《漢語的情態動詞》。國立清華大學語言學研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾蔚文（2004）。〈想像y言：從Saussure到台灣經驗〉。《台灣傳播學的想像（上）》，頁199-264，台北：巨流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altheide, D. L. (2002). Journalistic interviewing. In Gubrium, J. F. & Holstein, J. A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context & method (pp. 411-430).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antaki, C., & Widdicombe, S. (1998). Identity as an achievement and as a tool. Inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charles Antaki and Sue Widdicombe (Eds.). Identities in talk (pp. 1-14). London:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arminen, I. (2000). On the context sensitivity of institutional interaction. Discourse & Society, 11(4), 435-458.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baran, S. J. & Davis, D. K. (2000). Mass Communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future (2nd ed.). Australia ; Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barker, C., & Galasiński, D. (2001). Cultural studies and discourse analysis: a dialogue on language and identity. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barone J. T., & Switzer, J. Y. (1995). Interviewing art and skill. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beaugrande, R. de (2002). Discourse studies and the ideology of liberalism. In Michael Toolan (Ed.). Critical discourse analysis: Critical concepts in linguistics (pp. 162-201). London: Routlege.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Biagi, S. (1986). Interviews that work: a practical guide for journalists. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Billig, M., Condor, S., Edwards, D., Gane, M., Middleton, D., & Radley, A. (1988). Ideological dilemmas: a social psychology of everyday thinking. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burman, E., & Parker, I. (1993). Introduction-discourse analysis: the turn to the text. In Erica Burman & Ian Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research : Rrepertoires and readings of texts in action. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Campbell, C. C. (1999). Forward: journalism as a democratic art. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp. xiii-xxix). New York: Guilford .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carey, J. W.（1999）. In defense of public journalism. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp.49-66). New York: Guilford.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chapman, S. (2000). Philosophy for linguists: an introduction. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Charity, A. (1995). Doing Public Journalism. New York: Guilford.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chouliaraki, L., & Fairclough, N. (1999). Discourse in late modernity: Rethinking critical discourse analysis. Edinburgh, England: Edinburgh University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clayman, S. E. (1988). Displaying neutrality in television news interviews. Socialzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Problems, 35(4), 474-492.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clayman, S. E. (1989). The production of punctuality: Social interaction, temporalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) organization, and social structure. The American Journal of Sociology, 95(3),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 659-691.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clayman, S. E. (1991). News interview openings: Aspects of sequential organization. In Paddy Scannell (Ed.), Broadcast talk (pp.48-75). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clayman, S. E. (2002). Tribune of the people: Maintaining the legitimacy of aggressive journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 24, 197-216.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clayman, S. E., & Heritage, J. (2002). The news interviews: Journalists and public figures on the air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Compton, J. (2000). Communicative politics and public journalism. Journalism Studies, 1(3), 449-467.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, G., Pieri, E., & Robbins, P. T. (2004). ‘The scientists think and the public feels’: expert perceptions of the discourse of GM food. Discourse & Society, 15(4), 433-449.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Costera Meijer, I. (2001). The public quality of popular journalism: Developing a normative framework. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 189-205.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Costera Meijer, I. (2003). What is quality television news? A plea for extending the professional repertoire of newmakers. Journalism Studies, 4(1), 15-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coulter, J. (1990). Elementary properties of argument sequences. In George Psathas (Ed.), Interaction competence (pp. 181-203). Washington, DC: University Press of America.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dahlgren, P. (1995). Television and the public sphere: Citizenship, democracy, and the media. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1999). Positioning and personhood. In Rom Harré and Lukzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) van Langenhove (Eds.), Positioning theory: Moral contexts of intentionalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) action (pp. 32-52). Oxford: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dewey, J. (1925). The later works, 1925-1953. (Vol. 2). Carbondale, Ill. : Southernzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dewey, J. (1927). The public and its problems. London: George Allen & Unwinzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Drew, P., & Heritage, J. (1992). Analyzing talk at work: an introduction. In Paul Drew & John Heritage (Eds.), Talk at work: Iinteraction in institutional settings (pp. 3-65). New York: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donsbach, W. (2004). Psychology of news decisions: Factors behind journalists’ professional behavior. Journalism, 5(2), 131-157.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Drew, P., & Sorjonen, M. (1997). Institutional dialogue. In Teun A. van Dijk(Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp.92-118). London, Thousand Oaks, & New Delhi: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dzur, A. W. (2002). Public journalism and deliberative democracy. Polity, 34(3), 313-336.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (2001). Discursive psychology. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley(Eds.). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 12-24). London: Continuum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ekström, M. (2001). Politicians interviewed on television news. Discourse & Society, 12(5), 563-584zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ekström, M. (2002). Epistemologies of TV journalism. Journalism, 3(3), 259-282.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1995a). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fariclough, N. (1995b). Media discourse. New York: Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1998). Political discourse in the media: an analytical framework. In Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse (pp.142-162). Oxford, U.K: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (2001a). Critical discourse analysis. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley (Eds.), How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 25-38). London: Continuum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (2001b). The discourse of new labour: critical discourse analysis. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor, & S. J. Yates (Eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 229-266). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (2001c). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp.121-38). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N., & Wodak, R. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In Teun A. van Dijk(Ed.), Discourse as social interaction (pp.258-284). London,: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fowler, R., & Kress, G. (1979). Critical linguistics. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 185-213). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freed, A. F. (1994). The form and function of questions in informal dyadic conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 21, 621-644.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Garrison, B. (1992). Professional news reporting. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gee, J. P. (1999). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Geren, P. R. (2001). Public discourse: Creating the conditions for dialogue concerning the common good in a postmodern heterogeneous democracy. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 20, 191-199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goody, E. N. (1978). Towards a theory of questions. In Esther N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness (pp. 17-43). London: Cambridge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gouinlock, J. (1990).The later works, 1925-1953. (Vol. 2). Carbondale, Ill. : Southern Illinois University Presszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grant, D., Keenoy, T., & Oswick, C. (1998). Introduction: organizational discourse: ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) diversity, dichotomy and multi-disciplinarity. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, and Cliff Oswick (Eds.), Discourse and organization (pp. 1-13). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greatbatch, D. (1998). Conversation analysis: neutralism in British news interviews. In Allan Bell & Peter Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to media discourse (pp. 163-185). Oxford: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Haas, T. (1999). What’s “public” about public journalism? Public journalism and the lack of a coherent public philosophy. Communication Theory, 9(3), 346-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardy, C., Lawrence, T. B., Phillips, N. (1998). Talk and action: conversations and narrative in interorganizational collaboration. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, & Cliff Oswick(Eds.). Discourse and organization (pp. 65-83). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J. (1984). Garfinkel and ethnomethodology. Cambridge: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J. (1985). Analyzing news interviews: aspects of the production of talk forzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) an overhearing audience. In Teun A. van Dijk (Ed.). Handbook of discourse (pp.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 95-117). London: Academic Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J. (1997). Conversation analysis and institutional talk: analyzing data. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 161-82). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J., & Greatbatch, D. (1993). On the institutional character of institutional talk: the case of news interviews. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 93-137). Oxford: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J., & Roth, A. (1995). Grammar and institution: Questions and questioningzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) in the broadcast news interview. Research on Language and Social Interaction,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28(1), 1-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heritage, J., & Watson, R. (1979). Formulations as conversational objects. In G. Pasthas (Eds.), Everyday language: studies in ethnomethodology (pp. 123-162). New York: Irvington.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hester, S., & Francis, D. (2001). Is institutional talk a phenomenon? Reflection on ethnomethodology and applied conversation analysis. In Alec McHoul & Mark Rapley(Eds.). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods (pp. 206-217). London: Continuum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holbert, R. L., & Zubric, S. J. (2000). A comparative analysis: objective & public journalism techniques. Newspaper Research Journal, 21(4), 50-67.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hume, E. (1995). Tabloids, talk radio, and the future of news: Technology’s impact on journalism. Washington, DC.: The Annenberg Washington Program.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hutchby, I., & Wooffitt, R. (1999). Conversation analysis: Principles, practices and applications. MA: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Iedema, R. & Wodak, R. (1999). Introduction: organizational discourses and practices. Discourse & Society, 10(1), 5-20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Iggers, J. (1998). Good news, bad news: Journalism ethics and the public interest. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jalbert, P. L. (1995). Critique and analysis in media studies: media criticism as practical action. Discourse & Society, 6(1), 7-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jäger, S. (2001). Discourse and knowledge: theoretical and methodological aspects of a critical discourse and dispositive analysis. In Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer(Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse analysis: As theory and method. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jucker, A. H. (1986). News interviews: a pragmalinguistic analysis. Amsterdam, Ntherlands: J. Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kearsley, G. P. (1976). Questions and question asking in verbal discourse: a cross-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) disciplinary review. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5(4), 355-375.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kress, G. (1979). The social values of speech and writing. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 46-62). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kress, G., & Fowler, R. (1979). Interviews. In Fowler, R., Hodge, B., Kress, G., & Trew, T.(Eds.), Language and control (pp. 63-68). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lewis, J., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2004). Images of citizenship on television news: constructing a passive public. Journalism Studies, 5(2), 153-164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ljunggren, C. (2003). The public has to define itself: Dewey, Habermas, and Rorty on democracy and individuality. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 22, 351-370.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maier, S. R., & Potter, D. (2001). Public journalism through the lens: how television broadcasters covered campaign ’96. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 320-334.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martínez E. R. (2003). Accomplishing closings in talk show interviews: a comparison with news interviews. Discourse Studies, 5(3), 283-302.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McHoul, A., & Rapley, M. (2001). How to analyse talk in institutional settings: a casebook of methods. London: Continuum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding media: the extensions of man. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McManus, J. H. (1994). Market-driven journalism: Let the citizen beware? Thousand Oaks: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McNair, B. (1999). News and journalism in the UK: a textbook. (3rd ed.). London: Routledge..zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McNair, B. (2000). Journalism and democracy: an evaluation of the political public sphere. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Merritt, D. (1995). Public journalism and public life: Why telling the news is not enough. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assocs.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Merritt, D., & McCombs, M. (2004). The two W’s of journalism: The why and what of public affairs reporting. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miller, G. (1997a). Toward ethnographies of institutional discourse: proposal and suggestions. In Gale Miller & Robert Dingwall (Eds.), Context and Method in Qualitative Research (pp.155-171). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Miller, G. (1997b). Building bridge: the possibility of analytic dialogue between ethnography, conversation analysis and Foucault. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 24-44). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mumby, D. K. (1994). Communication and power in organizations: Discourse, ideology, and domination (2nd ed.). Norwood, NJ.: Ablex Publishing Corporation.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nichols, S. L. (2003). Public journalism: Evaluating the movement’s trajectory through institutional stages of development in the journalistic field. Doctoral dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ohara, Y. (2002). Ideolog of language and gender: a critical discourse analysis of Japanese prescriptive texts. In Michael Toolan (Ed.), Critical discourse analysis: Critical concepts in linguistics (pp. 273-286). London: Routlege.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Peters, J. D.(1999).Public journalism and democratic theory: four challenges. In Theodore L. Glasser (Ed.), The idea of public journalism (pp.99-117). New York: The Guilford Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pomerantz, A. (1988). Offering a candidate answer: an information seeking strategy. Communication Monographs, 55, 360-373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Potter, J. (1997). Discourse analysis as a way of analyzing naturally occurring talk. In David Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice (pp. 144-60). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes, and behaviour. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psathas, G. (1995a). “Talk and social structure” and “studies of work”. Human Studies, 18, 139-155.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Psathas, G. (1995b). Conversation analysis: the study of talk-in-interaction. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richardson, F. C., Rogers, A., & McCarroll, J. (1998). Toward a dialogical self.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) American Behavioral Scientist, 41(4), 496-515.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosen, J. (1996). Getting the connections right : public journalism and the troubles in the press. New York: Twentieth Century Fundzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roth, A. L. (1998). Who makes the news? Descriptions of television news interviewees’ public personae. Media, Culture & Society, 20, 79-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scannell, P. (1991). Introduction: the relevance of talk. In Paddy Scannell (Ed.),zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Broadcast talk (pp. 1-13). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scannell, P. (1996). Radio, television and modern life: a phenomenological approach. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schegoloff, E. A. (1993). Reflections on talk and social structure. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 44-70). Oxford: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (1994). Question authority: a history of the news interview in American journalism, 1860s-1930s. Media, Culture & Society, 16, 565-587.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schudson, M. (2003). The sociology of news. New York: Norton.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scollon, R. (1998). Mediated discourse as social interaction: a study of news discourse. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schlesinger, P. (1978). Putting ‘reality’ together. London: Methuen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sinclair, A. & van Gessel, R.(1990). The form and function of questions in children’szh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 14, 923-944.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singer, J. B. (2003). Who are these guys? The online challenge to the notion of journalistic professionalism. Journalism, 4(2), 139-163.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teo, P. (2000). Racism in the news: a critical discourse analysis of news reporting inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) two Australian newspapers. Discourse & Society, 11(1), 7-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ten Have, P. (1999). Doing conversation analysis: a practical guide. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Titscher, S., Meyer, M., Wodak, R., & Vetter, E. (2000). Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis (J. Bryan Tran.). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tolson, A. (2001). “Authentic” talk in broadcast news: the construction of community. The Communication Review, 4, 463-480.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) van Dijk, T. A. (2001). Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp.95-120). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Verschueren, J. (1999). Understanding pragmatics. London: Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weaver, D. H., & Wilhoit, G. C. (1996). The American journalist in the 1990s: U.S. news people at the end of an era. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wetherell, M. (2001). Themes in discourse research: the case of Diana. In Wetherell Margaret, Taylor Stephanie, & Yates Simeon J. (Eds.), Discourse theory and practice: a reader (pp. 14-28 ). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilson, T. P. (1993). Social structure and the sequential organization of interaction. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.). Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 22-43). Oxford: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Winch, S. P. (1997). Mapping the cultural space of journalism: How journalists distinguish news from entertainment. London: Praeger.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wolvin, A., & Coakley, C. G. (1996). Listening. IA: Brown & Benchmark.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wood, L. A. & Kroger, R. O. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: methods for studying action in talk and text. Thousand Oaks, London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Woodilla, J. (1998). Workplace conversations: the text of organizing. In David Grant, Tom Keenoy, & Cliff Oswick(Eds.), Discourse and organization (pp. 31-50). London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Woodstock, L. (2002). Public journalism’s talking cure. An analysis of the movement’s “problem” and “solution” narratives. Journalism, 3(1): 37-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yankelovich, D. (1991). Coming to public judgment: Making democracy work in a complex world. New York: Syracuse University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Zimmerman, D. H., & Boden, D. (1993). Structure-in-action: an introduction. In Deirdre Boden & Don H. Zimmerman (Eds.), Talk and social structure: Studies in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (pp. 3-21). Oxford: Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李豔秋（主持人）（2003.8.18）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李豔秋（主持人）（2003.9.1）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 范立達（主持人）（2003.9.23）。阿達新聞檔案。台北：News98電台。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 高文音（訪問者）（2003.12.28）。東森新聞。台北：東森新聞。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陶令瑜（主持人）（2003.7.31）。李豔秋合眾國。台北：飛碟電台。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陶晶瑩（主持人）（2000.12.19）。桃色新聞。台北：飛碟電台。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 堯愛真（訪問者）（2000.12.19）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭德真（訪問者）（2001.1.8）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭德真（訪問者）（2001.1.17）。新聞話題。台北：中廣新聞網。zh_TW