Publications-Theses

題名 SARS風暴中的媒體與命名
作者 陳雅琪
Chen, Ya-chi
貢獻者 方念萱
Fang,Nien-husan
陳雅琪
Chen, Ya-chi
關鍵詞 嚴重急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)
批判論述分析
守門人
市場導向新聞學
恐懼文化
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 15:57:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 2003年傳染病SARS流行期間,媒體在指稱此疾病時,出現許多不同的名稱,本研究認為名稱不只是用來指稱事物、也反映社會文化的想法,更可能遮蔽了真實,帶來了想像,這本論文即是嘗試描繪這個過程的痕跡。

研究者在文本中採用Norman Fairclough的批判論述分析方法,從中發展出語言、媒體論述及社會文化三個分析層次,觀察在SARS發展的過程中,媒體上出現的疾病名稱如何形成及轉變、媒體論述和整體社會氣氛如何因應隨之改變的動態過程;再輔以深度訪談法,瞭解報社編輯在處理SARS新聞時面對的情形和自身想法,而這些因素又如何影響了他/她們對疾病名稱的選擇。

研究分析發現,SARS名稱的變化可略分為三個時期:在官方尚未確定疾病名稱前,名稱強調的多是疾病的不明、外來和可怕,報導內容中有相當部分用來描述一般民眾的恐慌情緒,編輯則著重在新聞報導中找出新奇吸引讀者的觀點來形容此一新興傳染病,略為誇張也在可接受範圍;第二個時期官方名稱出現,媒體漸漸出現統一的名稱,不過在其中個別媒體組織的立場仍然可能影響名稱變化的速度,但代表專業共識和官方力量的名稱則是影響名稱最有力的因素,報導內容也以醫療專業觀點為多數;第三個時期傳染範圍擴大,媒體紛紛改以讖諱風格鮮明的「煞」字來指稱疾病,編輯除了提及諧音運用,也有將自身對疾病感知到的負面形象轉移到文字上的作用,連帶在圖片的選擇上也以除煞驅魔為主。

研究者嘗試指出,疾病名稱不是理所當然,而是新聞室內編輯在諸多考量下所做出的選擇,包括消息來源的不同、市場利潤的追求、組織意識形態的影響、社會文化概念以及個人主觀的感受等,這些都會進而影響到閱聽眾對疾病的認知。研究者試圖以此提醒新聞從業人員對事物的命名保持反思,閱聽眾在接收訊息時則必須時時保有批判性的覺察。
參考文獻 Adelman, R. & Verbrugge, L.(2000). The social impact of disease on newspaper coverage. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 41(3), 347-367.
Altheide D. ( 2002) Creating fear: News and the construction of crisis New York: Aldine de Gruyter,
Bagdikian, B. H., (1983). Media monopoly . Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.
Bass, A.(1969), Refining the gate keper cncept:an UN Radio case study, Journalism
Quarterly,46:69-72.
Beard, D. J.(2000). Drapetomania, A disease called freedom: An Exhibition of 18th-19th-, and Early 20th-Century Material Culture of the African Experience in the Americas from the Collection of Derrick Joshua Beard. Bienes Center for the Literary arts.
Berkowitz, Dan. (1991). Assessing forces in the selection of local television news. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 35(2), 245-251.
Bernt, J., Fee, F., Gifford, J., & Stemple, G. (2000). How well can editors predict reader interests in news? Newspaper Research Journal, 21:2. pp.2-10.
Boon, M(1996)Naming the enemy: AIDS Research, Contagion and the Discovery of HIV. Cultronix, 4, (eserver.org/cultronix/boon/).
Breed, Warren (1955). Social control in the newsroom: a functional analysis. Social Forces, 33(4), 326-335.
Brown, P(1990). Then Name Game: Toward a Sociology of Diagnosis. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 11(3&4), 385-406.
Bruce Einhorn(2003). Naming this virus is no game. Business Week Online. March 31, 2003 Online Asia. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2003/tc20030328_3768_tc058.htm
Cassirer, Ernst(1990)。《語言與神話》(Sprache und Mythas)。于曉譯。台北:桂冠。(原著於1925年出版)。
Chang, T. K.& Lee, J.W.(1992). Factors affecting gatekeepers’ selection of foreign news: a national survey of newspaper editors. Journalism Quarterly. 69(3), 554-561.
Clements, C. & Ratzan, S. (2003). Misled and confused? Telling the public about MMR vaccine safety. Journal of Medicine Ethics. 29:1, 22-26.
Combs, B. & Slovic, P. (1979). Newspaper coverage of causes of death. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 837-843.
Culler, J. (1992)。《索緒爾》。張景智譯。台北:桂冠。(原著於1925年出版)。
David Miller, Jenny Kitzinger, Kevin Williams and Peter Beharrell (1998) The
circuit of mass communication, London : Sage.
Dawson, C. & Lyons, H. (2003). The media and the market: the case of CJD. British Food Journal. 105:6/7, 380- 394.
Dimmick, J. (1974).The gatekeeper: an uncertainty theory. Journalism Monographs, 37, 1-39.
Donesbach, W. (2002). News psychology factors behind journalists’ news decision. The Syracuse University Symposium on the Nature of News. New York: Syracuse University.
Dossey, Larry (1999)。What’s in a name? Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 5 (5); 12-17; 100-102.
Fairclogh, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.
Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. London: Longman.
Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Polity Press.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. Longman: London and New York.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Media Discourse. New York: Edward Arnold.
Fairclough, N. (2001). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In Wodak, R. & Meyer. M. (eds). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.
Fan, D. (1996). News media framing sets public opinion that drugs is the country`s most important problem. Substance Use & Misuse, 31 (10): 1413-1421.
Ferguson, S. and Parry, C (1998). Rewriting Menopause: Challenging the medical paradigm to reflect menopausal women’s experiences. Frontiers; 19(1), 20-41.
Frazer .J. G(1996)。《金枝》(The Golden Bough),汪培基譯,台北,桂冠。(原著於1922年出版)
Frost, K.; Frank E. & Maibach, E. (1997). Relative risk in the news media: a quantification of misrepresentation. American Journal of Public Health, 87:5, 842-845.
Fumento, Michael(2003). Hysteria, thy name is SARS. The media need a chill pill. National Review Online. May 7, 2003 Retrieved from: http://www.fumento.com/disease/nrosars.html
Furedi, F. (2002). Culture of fear: risk taking and the morality of low expectation. London: Continuum.
Gieber,W.(1964).News is what a newspaperman makes it, in Dexter, L. and White, D.(eds), People Society and Mass Communication, New York: The Free Press, pp173-182.
Gleeson, P. & Wakefeld, N. (eds.)(1968). Language and culture. Ohio, C. E. Merill.
Golden, Michael. (2003). SARS, terrorism and the media. Medical Post. 39(28), 13-14.
Goodwin, J. S.(2002)。Language and Medicine: Thinking and Talking About Alzheimer’s Disease. The Gerontologist. 42(3), 293-296
Greenberg, M.; Sandman, P; Sachsmen, D. & Salomone, K. (1990). A question of quality: how journalists and news sources evaluate coverage of environmental risk. Journal of Communication, 40:4, 117-133.
Hall, S. ( ed.) (1997) Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage publications.
Hardin, M. (2005). Stopped at the gate: women’s sports, “audience interest,” and decision making by editors. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 82:1, pp.62-77.
Harrabin, R., Coote, A. & Allen, J. (2003). Health in the news: risk, reporting and media influence. Discussion Paper, King`s Fund.
Hays, J.N. (1998). The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in western history. New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Pres.
Hume, Janice.(2000). The “forgotten” 1918 influenza epidemic and press portrayal of public anxiety. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77:4, 898- 915.
Jason, L., Holbert, C., Torres-Harding, S., & Taylor, R.(2004). Stigma and the term Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: results of surveys on changing the name. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. 14(4), 222-228.
Kim, H. S. (2002). Gatekeeping international news: an attitudinal profile of U.S. television journalists. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 46(3), 431-452.
Kirkwood, William. G., Brown, Dan(1995). Public communication about the causes of disease: the rhetoric of responsibility. Journal of Communication. 45(1), 55-76.
Kratzer, Renee & Kratzer, Brian(2003). How newspapers decided to run disturbing 9/11 photos. Newspaper Research Journal, 24(1), 34-47.
Krieghbaum, H.(1994).《科學與大眾媒介》(Science and public media)。謝瀛春譯。台北:遠流。(原著於1986年出版)。
Langer, E. & McGee, B.(2003). Hiding the anorectic: a rhetorical analysis of popular discourse concerning anorexia. Women’s Studies in Communication. 26:2, 266-295.
Macdonald, M.(1992). The medicalization of suicide in England: laymen, physicians, and cultural change, 1500-1870. in Rosenberg, C. & Golden, J.(Eds.) Framing Disease: Studies in cultural history . New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press. Pp. 85-103.
McGee, D. E. (1996). Emerging meanings: science, the media and infectious diseases. JAMA, 276:13, 1095-1097.
McManus, J.(1994). Market-driven journalism: let the citizen beware. Sage.
Moeller, S. D. (2006). “Regarding the pain of others” : media, bias and the news coverage of international disasters. Journal of International Affairs. 59:2, pp. 173- 197.
Moeller, S. D. (1999). Compassion Fatigue: How the media sell disease, famine, war and death. Routledge: New York and London.
Nelkin D. (1996). An uneasy relationship: the tensions between medicine and the media. The Lancet, 347, 1600-1603.
Neuman, L. (1997). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Nietzsche , Friedrich,(Published 1973)。 The Joyful Wisdom.
Oliver, M(1994). Politics and Language: Understanding the Disability Discourse. Paper prepared for the inclusion in the MA: Disability Studies Programs: Department of Psychotherapy. University of Sheffield. Retrieved from: http://nationalreview.com/comment/comment-fumento050703.asp
Philips, L. & Jorgensen, M. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.
Pinker, S.(1994)《語言本能》(The language instinct)。洪蘭譯。台北:商周。(原著於1974年出版)。
Reese, S. & Ballinger, J. (2001). The roots of a sociology of news: remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the newsroom. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly: 78:4, 641-658.
Reynolds, A. & Barnett, B. (2003). This just in…how national TV news handled the breaking “live” coverage of September 11. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. 80(3), 689-703.
Richman, JA, Jason, LA, Taylor, RR, & Jahn, SC (2000). Feminist. perspectives
on the social construction of chronic fatigue syndrome. Health Care for.
Women International, 21, 173-185.
Rosenberg, C. E. & Golden, J (Eds)(1992). Framing Disease: Studies in cultural history . New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Rosenberg, Charles. E.(1992). Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in the History of Medicine. Cambridge University Press.
Sadler, J. (2005). Diagnosis as public policy. Project Syndicate. Retrieved from: http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/sadler1/English 2005/07/20
Saussure, de, F. (1959). Course in general linguistics. New York: The Philosophical Library.
Schaffer Deborah(1995). Shocking secrets revealed! The language of tabloid headlines. Et cetera. 52(1), 27-38
Schwartz, Lisa & Woloshin, Steven(2004). The media matter: a call for straightforward medical reporting. Annual of Internal Medicine. 140(3), 226-227.
Seale, Clive(2003). Health and media: an overview. Sociology of Health & Illness: 25(6), 513-531.
Shah, D., Watts, D., & Fan, D.(2002) News framing and cueing of issue regimes: explaining Clinton’s public approval in spite of scandal. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66 (3): 339-370.
Shlaes (2002). Evaluating attributions for an illness upon the name: Chronic fatigue syndrome, mylagic encephalophathy and Florence Nightingale Disease. American Journal of Community Psychology. Pp. 133-148.
Shmerling, R. (2002). What your doctor is saying: name that disease! Retrieved from: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/35320/35328/358303.html?d=dmtHMSContent 2003/07/20
Shoemaker, P.(1991). Gatekeeping. Newbury Park: Sage.
Shortis, T. (2001) The language of ICT : information and communication technology. London ; New York : Routledge.
Sigelman, Lee(1973). Reporting the news: an organizational analysis. The American Journal of Sociology. 79,132-151.
Singer, E. & Endreny, P. (1987). Reporting hazards: their benefits and costs. Journal of Communication. 37:3, 10-26.
Sontag, S.(2000).《疾病的隱喻》(Illness as Metaphor, AIDS and its Metaphors)。刁筱華譯,台北:大田。(原著於1991年出版)
Sood, R. Stockdale, G. & Rogers, E. (1987). How the news media operate in natural disasters. Journalism of Communication, 37(3), 27-41.
Stallings, R.(1990). Media discourse and the social construction of risk. Social Problems, 37:1, 80-95.
Sumser, J.(1992). Not just any Tom, Dick, or Harry, the grammar of names in television drama, Media Culture and Society 14 (4), 605-622.
Tai, Z.& Chang, T. K.(2002)The global news and the pictures in their heads. Gazette, 64(3), pp.251-265. London: Sage.
The Economist(2003). As potent as its moniker. Jan 18th, 2003. The Economist Newspaper Limited. London.
Tomes, Nancy(2000). The making of a germ panic, then and now. American Journal of Public Health. 90(2), 191-198.
Tomes, Nancy(2002). Epidemic entertainments: Disease and popular culture in early-twentieth-century America. American Literary History: Winter 2002; 14(4), 625-652.
Ullmann, Stephen (1954)。The prism of language. In Glesson, P. ed.(1968)。Language & Culture. Charles E. Mereill Publishing Company. pp.30-37.
Volosinov, VN.(1973). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, trans. By L. Matejka & IR Titunik New York: Seminar Press.
Warner, E.; Goldenhar, M. & McLaughlin, G. (1992). Cigarette advertising and magazine coverage of the hazards of smoking. New England Journal of Medicine. 326(5), 305-309.
White, D.M. (1950). The "Gatekeeper": A case study in the selection
of news. Journalism Quarterly 27(4): 383-390.
Wilkins, L & Patterson, P. (1987). Risk analysis and the construction of news. Journal of Communication. 37:3, 80-92.
Wodak, R. & Meyer, M. (2001). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage.
Wood, L. & Kroger, R. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: methods for studying action in talk and text. London: Sage.
丁仁傑(2003)。〈捍衛社會身體:台灣SARS疫情中的災難治理及其宗教論述〉,《思與言》,41(4):1-70。
王國安(2003)。《漢語詞語的文化透視》。上海:漢語大詞典出版社。
王嘉琦(2003)。替疾病取個「好」名字--疾病命名方式千百種,醫學倫理是關鍵。《健康世界》,331: 59-65。
王德威(1997)。〈導讀一:淺論傅柯〉,載於Foucault, M.(1997)《知識的考掘》(L`archéologie du savoir),王德威譯。台北:麥田。(原著於1969年出版)。
朱迺欣(2000)。《前塵往事的腦醫學》。台北,遠流。
吳坤明(1997)。〈東京「惡魔」命名事件〉,《拾穗雜誌》,11: 62-63。
吳嘉苓、陳惠萍、林如茵、孫志硯(2003)。〈協調疫病的公眾反應:台灣SARS居家隔離制度的出現與轉變〉。台北:2003台灣社會學會年會暨「邁向新世紀的公平社會──社群、風險與不平等」研討會。
李尚仁(2003)。從疾病史反思SARS。疫病與社會:台灣歷經SARS風暴之醫學與人文反省」學術研討會。台北:台灣大學社會科學院。
林元輝(2003)。〈報紙SARS新聞處理的質化分析:以華昌國宅和瓶中信等事件為例〉,《思與言》,41(4): 71-110。
林文琪(1995)。〈新聞論述建構之愛滋病語藝視野-以中國時報、聯合報為分析對象〉。輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。
林怡君、陳泊均(2003)。〈SARS新聞下外勞形象建構的論述分析與閱聽人研究〉,《全球化時代與新聞報導研討會》,台北,台灣大學新聞研究所。
林芳玫(1996)。《女性與媒體再現》。台北:巨流。
林美茵(2003)。《SARS:WHO背後的真相》。香港:匯訊出版。
林綺雲、徐明瀚(2003),〈煞死與官、醫、病、媒倫理疑義〉,《應用倫理研究通訊》,28。
柏松齡(1996)。性別與框架:以台大女研社播放A片事件為例。嘉義:中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
胡幼慧主編(1996)。質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流。
倪炎元(2003)《再現的政治:台灣報紙媒體對「他者」建構的論述分析》。台北:韋伯文化。
徐亞鈾(2003)。〈台灣主要報紙選舉期間讀者投書之研究—以2002年台北市、高雄市市長選舉為例〉。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。
徐美苓(2005)。〈新聞乎?廣告乎?醫療風險資訊的媒體再現與反思〉,《新聞學研究》。83,83-126。
徐美苓、胡紹嘉(1998):<醫療保健新聞報導的科學Vs.非 科學建構>,《政治大學學報》第77期,頁 343-385。
耿曙(2004)質性研究中的訪談。國立政治大學第十一期「研究方法研習營」。台北:國立政治大學 學術研究與合作委員會
荊溪人(1956)。〈標題製作的心理因素〉。台北:政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
馬西屏(1998)。《標題飆題》。台北:三民。
高志文(2003)。恐慌 在政治瘟疫蔓延時:臺北市府政治-媒體抗SARS實錄之國際比較。台北:玉山社。
盛竹玲(2001)。〈報紙醫藥保健版內容分析〉。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。
陳東升(2003)。〈都市、傳染疾病與社會正義〉,《疾病與社會:台灣歷經SARS風暴之醫學與人文反省學術研討會》。
陳順孝(2005a)。〈電視新聞標題寫作〉。取自:http://ashaw.typepad.com/editor/2005/04/post_1.html 上網日期:2005年7月20日
陳順孝(2005b)〈新聞標題寫作入門〉。取自:http://ashaw.typepad.com/editor/files/NE93B05.pdf 上網日期:2005年7月20日
陳萬達(2001)。《現代新聞編輯學》。台北:揚智。
楊秀娟(2003)。〈醫學論述到英雄論述:從論述理論看SARS事件下的政治權力與媒體運作〉,《全球化時代與新聞報導研討會》,台北,台灣大學新聞研究所。
葉至誠、葉立誠(2000)。研究方法與論文寫作。台北:商鼎文化。
臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來源:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民。
劉從哲 (2002)。《自立晚報編輯部各級守門人行為之研究》。(2001年6月1 日~8月31日)。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文
潘淑滿(2003)。《質性研究:理論與應用》。台北:心理。
蔡篤堅(2000)。〈轉向規訓社會中的媒體角色〉,《新聞學研究》。63,55-89。
聯合報編輯中心(1999)。《聯合報編採手冊》。
謝炎堯(2003)。〈嚴謹面對SARS〉,《自由時報》,2003年4月29日,19版。
鍾蔚文(2004)。〈想像語言:從Saussure 到台灣經驗〉,載於翁秀琪(主編)《台灣傳播學的想像》,台北:巨流。第七章。
鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳憶寧、柏松齡、王昭敏(1996)。〈框架理論的再探:以臺灣大學女研社放映A片事件為例〉。翁秀琪、馮建三主編,《國立政治大學新聞教育六十週年論文彙編》。台北:國立政治大學新聞系。頁181-223。
鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳韻如、張文強、朱玉芬(1995)。〈新聞的框架效果〉。臧國仁主編,《中文傳播研究論述—「一九九三中文傳播研究暨教育研究會」論文彙編》。台北:國立政治大學傳播學院研究中心。
戴定國(2005)。新聞編輯與標題寫作。台北:五南。
韓享良(2002)。〈國內報紙內容對失業議題的報導框架研究〉。台北:世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
韓青秀(2002)。《女性健康醫療議題的媒體再現—以RU486新聞報導為例》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
魏健,(2003)。《改變人類社會的二十種瘟疫》。北京:經濟日報出版社。
蘇蘅(2002)。競爭時代的報紙。台北:時英。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
90451012
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#GQ22275018500
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 方念萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Fang,Nien-husanen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳雅琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Ya-chien_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳雅琪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Ya-chien_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 15:57:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 15:57:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 15:57:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) GQ22275018500en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33280-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90451012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 2003年傳染病SARS流行期間,媒體在指稱此疾病時,出現許多不同的名稱,本研究認為名稱不只是用來指稱事物、也反映社會文化的想法,更可能遮蔽了真實,帶來了想像,這本論文即是嘗試描繪這個過程的痕跡。

研究者在文本中採用Norman Fairclough的批判論述分析方法,從中發展出語言、媒體論述及社會文化三個分析層次,觀察在SARS發展的過程中,媒體上出現的疾病名稱如何形成及轉變、媒體論述和整體社會氣氛如何因應隨之改變的動態過程;再輔以深度訪談法,瞭解報社編輯在處理SARS新聞時面對的情形和自身想法,而這些因素又如何影響了他/她們對疾病名稱的選擇。

研究分析發現,SARS名稱的變化可略分為三個時期:在官方尚未確定疾病名稱前,名稱強調的多是疾病的不明、外來和可怕,報導內容中有相當部分用來描述一般民眾的恐慌情緒,編輯則著重在新聞報導中找出新奇吸引讀者的觀點來形容此一新興傳染病,略為誇張也在可接受範圍;第二個時期官方名稱出現,媒體漸漸出現統一的名稱,不過在其中個別媒體組織的立場仍然可能影響名稱變化的速度,但代表專業共識和官方力量的名稱則是影響名稱最有力的因素,報導內容也以醫療專業觀點為多數;第三個時期傳染範圍擴大,媒體紛紛改以讖諱風格鮮明的「煞」字來指稱疾病,編輯除了提及諧音運用,也有將自身對疾病感知到的負面形象轉移到文字上的作用,連帶在圖片的選擇上也以除煞驅魔為主。

研究者嘗試指出,疾病名稱不是理所當然,而是新聞室內編輯在諸多考量下所做出的選擇,包括消息來源的不同、市場利潤的追求、組織意識形態的影響、社會文化概念以及個人主觀的感受等,這些都會進而影響到閱聽眾對疾病的認知。研究者試圖以此提醒新聞從業人員對事物的命名保持反思,閱聽眾在接收訊息時則必須時時保有批判性的覺察。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 圖表目錄 2
第一章 緒論 4
第一節 研究動機 4
第二節 研究背景與問題 9
第三節 研究目的與架構 13
第二章 文獻探討 17
第一節 符號意義對應 命名大有文章 17
壹、名實之間—名稱與內涵意義的討論 17
貳、疾病與命名 21
第二節 媒體效果展現 守門動見觀瞻 33
第三節 恐懼文化勃興 SARS躬逢其盛 41
第三章 研究方法 48
第一節 文本 批判論述分析 48
壹、N. Fairclough 的批判論述分析概念 49
貳、互文性分析 52
第二節 新聞室 深度訪談 55
壹、深度訪談作為研究方法 55
貳、訪談執行 57
第三節 分析架構和樣本選取說明 60
壹、 文本分析架構 60
貳、 文本分析樣本選取說明 62
第一節 你得了「奪命肺炎」 64
第二節 你得了「嚴重急性呼吸道症候群」(SARS) 81
第三節 你「中煞」了 101
第五章 資料分析(二):深度訪談 124
第一節 編輯的決策:標題和新事物名稱 124
第二節 SARS新聞中的決策 130
壹、 第一階段:廣東/非典型肺炎 與 不明/恐怖/怪肺炎 130
貳、 第二階段:SARS 134
參、 第三階段:煞 136
肆、 SARS與煞之間 141
第三節 編輯命名與社會真實之間 146
第六章 結論 149
第一節 疾病名稱分析 149
第二節 討論 155
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議 160
參考文獻 161
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 39823 bytes-
dc.format.extent 151539 bytes-
dc.format.extent 152967 bytes-
dc.format.extent 657622 bytes-
dc.format.extent 976499 bytes-
dc.format.extent 473265 bytes-
dc.format.extent 5280329 bytes-
dc.format.extent 957382 bytes-
dc.format.extent 554789 bytes-
dc.format.extent 546058 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#GQ22275018500en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 嚴重急性呼吸道症候群(SARS)zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 批判論述分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 守門人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 市場導向新聞學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 恐懼文化zh_TW
dc.title (題名) SARS風暴中的媒體與命名zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adelman, R. & Verbrugge, L.(2000). The social impact of disease on newspaper coverage. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. 41(3), 347-367.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altheide D. ( 2002) Creating fear: News and the construction of crisis New York: Aldine de Gruyter,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bagdikian, B. H., (1983). Media monopoly . Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bass, A.(1969), Refining the gate keper cncept:an UN Radio case study, Journalismzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Quarterly,46:69-72.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beard, D. J.(2000). Drapetomania, A disease called freedom: An Exhibition of 18th-19th-, and Early 20th-Century Material Culture of the African Experience in the Americas from the Collection of Derrick Joshua Beard. Bienes Center for the Literary arts.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berkowitz, Dan. (1991). Assessing forces in the selection of local television news. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. 35(2), 245-251.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bernt, J., Fee, F., Gifford, J., & Stemple, G. (2000). How well can editors predict reader interests in news? Newspaper Research Journal, 21:2. pp.2-10.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boon, M(1996)Naming the enemy: AIDS Research, Contagion and the Discovery of HIV. Cultronix, 4, (eserver.org/cultronix/boon/).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Breed, Warren (1955). Social control in the newsroom: a functional analysis. Social Forces, 33(4), 326-335.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, P(1990). Then Name Game: Toward a Sociology of Diagnosis. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 11(3&4), 385-406.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bruce Einhorn(2003). Naming this virus is no game. Business Week Online. March 31, 2003 Online Asia. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2003/tc20030328_3768_tc058.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cassirer, Ernst(1990)。《語言與神話》(Sprache und Mythas)。于曉譯。台北:桂冠。(原著於1925年出版)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chang, T. K.& Lee, J.W.(1992). Factors affecting gatekeepers’ selection of foreign news: a national survey of newspaper editors. Journalism Quarterly. 69(3), 554-561.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clements, C. & Ratzan, S. (2003). Misled and confused? Telling the public about MMR vaccine safety. Journal of Medicine Ethics. 29:1, 22-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Combs, B. & Slovic, P. (1979). Newspaper coverage of causes of death. Journalism Quarterly, 56, 837-843.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Culler, J. (1992)。《索緒爾》。張景智譯。台北:桂冠。(原著於1925年出版)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) David Miller, Jenny Kitzinger, Kevin Williams and Peter Beharrell (1998) Thezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) circuit of mass communication, London : Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dawson, C. & Lyons, H. (2003). The media and the market: the case of CJD. British Food Journal. 105:6/7, 380- 394.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dimmick, J. (1974).The gatekeeper: an uncertainty theory. Journalism Monographs, 37, 1-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Donesbach, W. (2002). News psychology factors behind journalists’ news decision. The Syracuse University Symposium on the Nature of News. New York: Syracuse University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dossey, Larry (1999)。What’s in a name? Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 5 (5); 12-17; 100-102.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclogh, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: textual analysis for social research. London: Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Polity Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. Longman: London and New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (1995). Media Discourse. New York: Edward Arnold.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fairclough, N. (2001). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In Wodak, R. & Meyer. M. (eds). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fan, D. (1996). News media framing sets public opinion that drugs is the country`s most important problem. Substance Use & Misuse, 31 (10): 1413-1421.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ferguson, S. and Parry, C (1998). Rewriting Menopause: Challenging the medical paradigm to reflect menopausal women’s experiences. Frontiers; 19(1), 20-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frazer .J. G(1996)。《金枝》(The Golden Bough),汪培基譯,台北,桂冠。(原著於1922年出版)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frost, K.; Frank E. & Maibach, E. (1997). Relative risk in the news media: a quantification of misrepresentation. American Journal of Public Health, 87:5, 842-845.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fumento, Michael(2003). Hysteria, thy name is SARS. The media need a chill pill. National Review Online. May 7, 2003 Retrieved from: http://www.fumento.com/disease/nrosars.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Furedi, F. (2002). Culture of fear: risk taking and the morality of low expectation. London: Continuum.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gieber,W.(1964).News is what a newspaperman makes it, in Dexter, L. and White, D.(eds), People Society and Mass Communication, New York: The Free Press, pp173-182.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gleeson, P. & Wakefeld, N. (eds.)(1968). Language and culture. Ohio, C. E. Merill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Golden, Michael. (2003). SARS, terrorism and the media. Medical Post. 39(28), 13-14.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goodwin, J. S.(2002)。Language and Medicine: Thinking and Talking About Alzheimer’s Disease. The Gerontologist. 42(3), 293-296zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenberg, M.; Sandman, P; Sachsmen, D. & Salomone, K. (1990). A question of quality: how journalists and news sources evaluate coverage of environmental risk. Journal of Communication, 40:4, 117-133.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hall, S. ( ed.) (1997) Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage publications.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hardin, M. (2005). Stopped at the gate: women’s sports, “audience interest,” and decision making by editors. Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly, 82:1, pp.62-77.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Harrabin, R., Coote, A. & Allen, J. (2003). Health in the news: risk, reporting and media influence. Discussion Paper, King`s Fund.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hays, J.N. (1998). The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in western history. New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Pres.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hume, Janice.(2000). The “forgotten” 1918 influenza epidemic and press portrayal of public anxiety. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77:4, 898- 915.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jason, L., Holbert, C., Torres-Harding, S., & Taylor, R.(2004). Stigma and the term Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: results of surveys on changing the name. Journal of Disability Policy Studies. 14(4), 222-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kim, H. S. (2002). Gatekeeping international news: an attitudinal profile of U.S. television journalists. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 46(3), 431-452.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kirkwood, William. G., Brown, Dan(1995). Public communication about the causes of disease: the rhetoric of responsibility. Journal of Communication. 45(1), 55-76.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kratzer, Renee & Kratzer, Brian(2003). How newspapers decided to run disturbing 9/11 photos. Newspaper Research Journal, 24(1), 34-47.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krieghbaum, H.(1994).《科學與大眾媒介》(Science and public media)。謝瀛春譯。台北:遠流。(原著於1986年出版)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Langer, E. & McGee, B.(2003). Hiding the anorectic: a rhetorical analysis of popular discourse concerning anorexia. Women’s Studies in Communication. 26:2, 266-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Macdonald, M.(1992). The medicalization of suicide in England: laymen, physicians, and cultural change, 1500-1870. in Rosenberg, C. & Golden, J.(Eds.) Framing Disease: Studies in cultural history . New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press. Pp. 85-103.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGee, D. E. (1996). Emerging meanings: science, the media and infectious diseases. JAMA, 276:13, 1095-1097.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McManus, J.(1994). Market-driven journalism: let the citizen beware. Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moeller, S. D. (2006). “Regarding the pain of others” : media, bias and the news coverage of international disasters. Journal of International Affairs. 59:2, pp. 173- 197.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Moeller, S. D. (1999). Compassion Fatigue: How the media sell disease, famine, war and death. Routledge: New York and London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelkin D. (1996). An uneasy relationship: the tensions between medicine and the media. The Lancet, 347, 1600-1603.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neuman, L. (1997). Social research methods: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nietzsche , Friedrich,(Published 1973)。 The Joyful Wisdom.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oliver, M(1994). Politics and Language: Understanding the Disability Discourse. Paper prepared for the inclusion in the MA: Disability Studies Programs: Department of Psychotherapy. University of Sheffield. Retrieved from: http://nationalreview.com/comment/comment-fumento050703.aspzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Philips, L. & Jorgensen, M. (2002). Discourse analysis as theory and method. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pinker, S.(1994)《語言本能》(The language instinct)。洪蘭譯。台北:商周。(原著於1974年出版)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reese, S. & Ballinger, J. (2001). The roots of a sociology of news: remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the newsroom. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly: 78:4, 641-658.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reynolds, A. & Barnett, B. (2003). This just in…how national TV news handled the breaking “live” coverage of September 11. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. 80(3), 689-703.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Richman, JA, Jason, LA, Taylor, RR, & Jahn, SC (2000). Feminist. perspectiveszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) on the social construction of chronic fatigue syndrome. Health Care for.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Women International, 21, 173-185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenberg, C. E. & Golden, J (Eds)(1992). Framing Disease: Studies in cultural history . New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenberg, Charles. E.(1992). Explaining Epidemics and Other Studies in the History of Medicine. Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sadler, J. (2005). Diagnosis as public policy. Project Syndicate. Retrieved from: http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/sadler1/English 2005/07/20zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Saussure, de, F. (1959). Course in general linguistics. New York: The Philosophical Library.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schaffer Deborah(1995). Shocking secrets revealed! The language of tabloid headlines. Et cetera. 52(1), 27-38zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schwartz, Lisa & Woloshin, Steven(2004). The media matter: a call for straightforward medical reporting. Annual of Internal Medicine. 140(3), 226-227.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Seale, Clive(2003). Health and media: an overview. Sociology of Health & Illness: 25(6), 513-531.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shah, D., Watts, D., & Fan, D.(2002) News framing and cueing of issue regimes: explaining Clinton’s public approval in spite of scandal. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66 (3): 339-370.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shlaes (2002). Evaluating attributions for an illness upon the name: Chronic fatigue syndrome, mylagic encephalophathy and Florence Nightingale Disease. American Journal of Community Psychology. Pp. 133-148.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shmerling, R. (2002). What your doctor is saying: name that disease! Retrieved from: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/35320/35328/358303.html?d=dmtHMSContent 2003/07/20zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shoemaker, P.(1991). Gatekeeping. Newbury Park: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shortis, T. (2001) The language of ICT : information and communication technology. London ; New York : Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sigelman, Lee(1973). Reporting the news: an organizational analysis. The American Journal of Sociology. 79,132-151.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Singer, E. & Endreny, P. (1987). Reporting hazards: their benefits and costs. Journal of Communication. 37:3, 10-26.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sontag, S.(2000).《疾病的隱喻》(Illness as Metaphor, AIDS and its Metaphors)。刁筱華譯,台北:大田。(原著於1991年出版)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sood, R. Stockdale, G. & Rogers, E. (1987). How the news media operate in natural disasters. Journalism of Communication, 37(3), 27-41.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stallings, R.(1990). Media discourse and the social construction of risk. Social Problems, 37:1, 80-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sumser, J.(1992). Not just any Tom, Dick, or Harry, the grammar of names in television drama, Media Culture and Society 14 (4), 605-622.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tai, Z.& Chang, T. K.(2002)The global news and the pictures in their heads. Gazette, 64(3), pp.251-265. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) The Economist(2003). As potent as its moniker. Jan 18th, 2003. The Economist Newspaper Limited. London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tomes, Nancy(2000). The making of a germ panic, then and now. American Journal of Public Health. 90(2), 191-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tomes, Nancy(2002). Epidemic entertainments: Disease and popular culture in early-twentieth-century America. American Literary History: Winter 2002; 14(4), 625-652.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ullmann, Stephen (1954)。The prism of language. In Glesson, P. ed.(1968)。Language & Culture. Charles E. Mereill Publishing Company. pp.30-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Volosinov, VN.(1973). Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, trans. By L. Matejka & IR Titunik New York: Seminar Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warner, E.; Goldenhar, M. & McLaughlin, G. (1992). Cigarette advertising and magazine coverage of the hazards of smoking. New England Journal of Medicine. 326(5), 305-309.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) White, D.M. (1950). The "Gatekeeper": A case study in the selectionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of news. Journalism Quarterly 27(4): 383-390.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wilkins, L & Patterson, P. (1987). Risk analysis and the construction of news. Journal of Communication. 37:3, 80-92.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wodak, R. & Meyer, M. (2001). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wood, L. & Kroger, R. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: methods for studying action in talk and text. London: Sage.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丁仁傑(2003)。〈捍衛社會身體:台灣SARS疫情中的災難治理及其宗教論述〉,《思與言》,41(4):1-70。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王國安(2003)。《漢語詞語的文化透視》。上海:漢語大詞典出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王嘉琦(2003)。替疾病取個「好」名字--疾病命名方式千百種,醫學倫理是關鍵。《健康世界》,331: 59-65。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王德威(1997)。〈導讀一:淺論傅柯〉,載於Foucault, M.(1997)《知識的考掘》(L`archéologie du savoir),王德威譯。台北:麥田。(原著於1969年出版)。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 朱迺欣(2000)。《前塵往事的腦醫學》。台北,遠流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳坤明(1997)。〈東京「惡魔」命名事件〉,《拾穗雜誌》,11: 62-63。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳嘉苓、陳惠萍、林如茵、孫志硯(2003)。〈協調疫病的公眾反應:台灣SARS居家隔離制度的出現與轉變〉。台北:2003台灣社會學會年會暨「邁向新世紀的公平社會──社群、風險與不平等」研討會。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李尚仁(2003)。從疾病史反思SARS。疫病與社會:台灣歷經SARS風暴之醫學與人文反省」學術研討會。台北:台灣大學社會科學院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林元輝(2003)。〈報紙SARS新聞處理的質化分析:以華昌國宅和瓶中信等事件為例〉,《思與言》,41(4): 71-110。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林文琪(1995)。〈新聞論述建構之愛滋病語藝視野-以中國時報、聯合報為分析對象〉。輔仁大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林怡君、陳泊均(2003)。〈SARS新聞下外勞形象建構的論述分析與閱聽人研究〉,《全球化時代與新聞報導研討會》,台北,台灣大學新聞研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林芳玫(1996)。《女性與媒體再現》。台北:巨流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林美茵(2003)。《SARS:WHO背後的真相》。香港:匯訊出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林綺雲、徐明瀚(2003),〈煞死與官、醫、病、媒倫理疑義〉,《應用倫理研究通訊》,28。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 柏松齡(1996)。性別與框架:以台大女研社播放A片事件為例。嘉義:中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡幼慧主編(1996)。質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 倪炎元(2003)《再現的政治:台灣報紙媒體對「他者」建構的論述分析》。台北:韋伯文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐亞鈾(2003)。〈台灣主要報紙選舉期間讀者投書之研究—以2002年台北市、高雄市市長選舉為例〉。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐美苓(2005)。〈新聞乎?廣告乎?醫療風險資訊的媒體再現與反思〉,《新聞學研究》。83,83-126。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐美苓、胡紹嘉(1998):<醫療保健新聞報導的科學Vs.非 科學建構>,《政治大學學報》第77期,頁 343-385。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 耿曙(2004)質性研究中的訪談。國立政治大學第十一期「研究方法研習營」。台北:國立政治大學 學術研究與合作委員會zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 荊溪人(1956)。〈標題製作的心理因素〉。台北:政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 馬西屏(1998)。《標題飆題》。台北:三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 高志文(2003)。恐慌 在政治瘟疫蔓延時:臺北市府政治-媒體抗SARS實錄之國際比較。台北:玉山社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 盛竹玲(2001)。〈報紙醫藥保健版內容分析〉。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳東升(2003)。〈都市、傳染疾病與社會正義〉,《疾病與社會:台灣歷經SARS風暴之醫學與人文反省學術研討會》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳順孝(2005a)。〈電視新聞標題寫作〉。取自:http://ashaw.typepad.com/editor/2005/04/post_1.html 上網日期:2005年7月20日zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳順孝(2005b)〈新聞標題寫作入門〉。取自:http://ashaw.typepad.com/editor/files/NE93B05.pdf 上網日期:2005年7月20日zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳萬達(2001)。《現代新聞編輯學》。台北:揚智。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊秀娟(2003)。〈醫學論述到英雄論述:從論述理論看SARS事件下的政治權力與媒體運作〉,《全球化時代與新聞報導研討會》,台北,台灣大學新聞研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 葉至誠、葉立誠(2000)。研究方法與論文寫作。台北:商鼎文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來源:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉從哲 (2002)。《自立晚報編輯部各級守門人行為之研究》。(2001年6月1 日~8月31日)。銘傳大學傳播管理研究所碩士論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘淑滿(2003)。《質性研究:理論與應用》。台北:心理。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡篤堅(2000)。〈轉向規訓社會中的媒體角色〉,《新聞學研究》。63,55-89。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 聯合報編輯中心(1999)。《聯合報編採手冊》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 謝炎堯(2003)。〈嚴謹面對SARS〉,《自由時報》,2003年4月29日,19版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾蔚文(2004)。〈想像語言:從Saussure 到台灣經驗〉,載於翁秀琪(主編)《台灣傳播學的想像》,台北:巨流。第七章。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳憶寧、柏松齡、王昭敏(1996)。〈框架理論的再探:以臺灣大學女研社放映A片事件為例〉。翁秀琪、馮建三主編,《國立政治大學新聞教育六十週年論文彙編》。台北:國立政治大學新聞系。頁181-223。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳韻如、張文強、朱玉芬(1995)。〈新聞的框架效果〉。臧國仁主編,《中文傳播研究論述—「一九九三中文傳播研究暨教育研究會」論文彙編》。台北:國立政治大學傳播學院研究中心。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 戴定國(2005)。新聞編輯與標題寫作。台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 韓享良(2002)。〈國內報紙內容對失業議題的報導框架研究〉。台北:世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 韓青秀(2002)。《女性健康醫療議題的媒體再現—以RU486新聞報導為例》。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 魏健,(2003)。《改變人類社會的二十種瘟疫》。北京:經濟日報出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蘇蘅(2002)。競爭時代的報紙。台北:時英。zh_TW