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題名 Cognitive-Semantic Mechanisms Behind Heart Idioms
英文中"Heart"成語之認知語意機制
作者 王信斌
Wang,Hsin-pin
貢獻者 賴惠玲
王信斌
Wang,Hsin-pin
關鍵詞 隱喻
換喻
成語
心
認知語意學
metaphor
metonymy
idiom
heart
Cognitive Semantics
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-九月-2009 16:23:30 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文從認知語意學的角度來探討英文中 “Heart” 成語所牽涉到的認知語意機制，並以Lakoff (1993)所提出的當代隱喻理論、Kövecses & Radden (1998)從認知語言學角度針對換喻所做的研究以及Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式為基礎，進一步探討 “Heart” 成語的字面語意如何透過這些機制衍生出其象徵語意。此外，本論文也對收集到的七十七個 “Heart” 成語進行重新分類以修正Niemeier’s (2003)在 “Heart” 成語分類上所產成的謬誤。
研究分析發現七十七個 “Heart” 成語所牽涉的認知語意機制包括Lakoff (1993)提出的五種隱喻類型以及Kövecses & Radden (1998)提出的十五種換喻類型其中的六種，而七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結則無法僅僅透過Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式進行建立，而必須加上本研究另外發現的四個新的交互模式才能完整建立起七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結。
Based on the contemporary theory of metaphor by Lakoff (1993), a cognitive view toward metonymy by Kövecses & Radden (1998), and models of how metaphor can interact with metonymy by Ruiz de Mendoza (2003), this thesis makes an effort in exploring the cognitive-semantic mechanisms behind the 77 heart idioms collected for this research. Although Niemeier (2003) has tried to explore the metaphorical and metonymic bases for the heart idioms in English, her analysis is not satisfactory and can not meet the goal of this current research. A recategorization of heart idioms is therefore performed to encompass all the features exhibited by them before the cognitive-semantic analysis is proposed.
The analysis of heart idioms discovers that a full explanation of their figurative meanings requires the activation of all the five types of metaphor proposed by Lakoff (1993) and six out of the 15 types of metonymy-producing relationships proposed by Kövecses & Radden (1998). Furthermore, to fully account for the figurative meanings of heart idioms, the analysis also proposes six interaction models of between metaphor and metonymy, two of which are proposed in Ruiz de Mendoza (2003) and four of which are discovered by the current study.
參考文獻 A Dictionary of Current English Phrases and Idioms. 1993. The
Crane Publishing.
Carter, R. and M, McCarthy. 1988. Vocabulary and Language
Teaching. London: Longman.
Chafe, W. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, MIT Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Chomsky, N. 1980. Rules and Representations, Columbia
University Press, New York.
Clore, G. L., A, Ortony., and M, A, Foss. 1987. The
Psychological Foundations of the Affective Lexicon. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology. 53. 751-766.
Fraser, B. 1970. Idioms Within a Transformational Grammar.
Foundations of Language 6, 22-42.
Geeraerts, D. 1995. Specialization and Reinterpretation in
Idioms. In Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives,
M. Everaert, E.-J. van der Linden, A. Schenk and R. Schreuder
(eds), 57 -74. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr. 1990. "Psycholinguistic Studies on the
Conceptual Basis of Idiomaticity." Cognitive Linguistics. 1
(4):417-451.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr. 1995. Idiomaticity and Human Cognition. In
Idioms: Structural and psychological perspectives, M. Everaert, E.-J. van der Linden, A. Schenk and R. Schreuder
(eds), 97-116. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Heine, B. 1997. Cognitive Foundations of Grammar. Oxford:
Oxford UP.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. and K, Oatley. 1989. Basic Emotions,
Rationality, and Folk Theory. Cognition and Emotion. 6, 201-
223.
Johnson-Laird, P. N. and K, Oatley. 1992. The Language of
Emotions: An Analysis of a Semantic Field. Cognition and
Emotion. 3, 81-123.
Katz, J. 1973. Compositionality, Idiomaticity, and Lexical
Substitution. In S. Anderson and P. Kiparsky, eds., A Festschrift for Morris Halle, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New
York.
Kövecses, Z. 1990. Emotion Concepts. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Kövecses, Z. and G, Radden. 1998. Metonymy: Developing a
cognitive linguistic view. Cognitive Linguistics 9: 37-77.
Kövecses, Z. and P, Szabó. 1996. Idioms: A view from cognitive
semantics. Applied Linguistics 17(3). 326-355.
Lakoff, G. 1993. The contemporary theory of metaphor. In
Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. 2nd edition.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 202-251.
Lakoff, G., and M, Johnson. 1980. Metaphors We Live By.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. and M, Turner. 1989. More Than Cool Reason: A Field
Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Niemeier, S. 2003. Straight from the Heart — Metonymic and
Metaphorical Explorations. In Metaphor and Metonymy at the
Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Antonio Barcelona (eds),
195-213. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, S.
Nunberg, G., I, A, Sag., and T, Wasow. 1994. Idioms. Language
70, 491-538.
Oatley, K. and P, N, Johnson-Laird. 1987. Towards a cognitive
theory of emotions. Cognition and Emotion. 1, 29-50.
online Cambridge Dictionary of American English. Cambridge
University Press, 2004. <http://dictionary.cambridge.org/>
Radden, G. 2003. How Metonymic are Metaphors? In Metaphor and
Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Antonio
Barcelona (eds), 93-108. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter,
S.
Ruiz de Mendoza Ib&aacute;&ntilde;ez, F. J. 2003. The Role of Mappings and
Domains in Understanding Metonymy. In Metaphor and Metonymy
at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Antonio Barcelona
(eds), 109-132. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, S.
TheFreeDictionary.com. Farlex, Inc. Huntingdon Valley, PA,
2004. <http://www.thefreedictionary.com/>
The Origins of Famous Sayings.
<http://www.screamingmonkeylabs.com/sayings.html >
Webster’s New World Dictionary. 1990. 3rd edition; Hungry
Minds, Inc.
Wittgenstein, L. 1978. Philosophical Investigations. Translated
by G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Yu, N. 2003. Chinese metaphors of thinking. Cognitive
Linguistics 14(2/3), 141–165. 2003.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
89555002
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089555002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 賴惠玲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 王信斌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Wang,Hsin-pinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 王信斌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wang,Hsin-pinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-九月-2009 16:23:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-九月-2009 16:23:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-九月-2009 16:23:30 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0089555002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33363-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89555002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文從認知語意學的角度來探討英文中 “Heart” 成語所牽涉到的認知語意機制，並以Lakoff (1993)所提出的當代隱喻理論、Kövecses & Radden (1998)從認知語言學角度針對換喻所做的研究以及Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式為基礎，進一步探討 “Heart” 成語的字面語意如何透過這些機制衍生出其象徵語意。此外，本論文也對收集到的七十七個 “Heart” 成語進行重新分類以修正Niemeier’s (2003)在 “Heart” 成語分類上所產成的謬誤。
研究分析發現七十七個 “Heart” 成語所牽涉的認知語意機制包括Lakoff (1993)提出的五種隱喻類型以及Kövecses & Radden (1998)提出的十五種換喻類型其中的六種，而七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結則無法僅僅透過Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和換喻的三個交互模式進行建立，而必須加上本研究另外發現的四個新的交互模式才能完整建立起七十七個 “Heart” 成語的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Based on the contemporary theory of metaphor by Lakoff (1993), a cognitive view toward metonymy by Kövecses & Radden (1998), and models of how metaphor can interact with metonymy by Ruiz de Mendoza (2003), this thesis makes an effort in exploring the cognitive-semantic mechanisms behind the 77 heart idioms collected for this research. Although Niemeier (2003) has tried to explore the metaphorical and metonymic bases for the heart idioms in English, her analysis is not satisfactory and can not meet the goal of this current research. A recategorization of heart idioms is therefore performed to encompass all the features exhibited by them before the cognitive-semantic analysis is proposed.
The analysis of heart idioms discovers that a full explanation of their figurative meanings requires the activation of all the five types of metaphor proposed by Lakoff (1993) and six out of the 15 types of metonymy-producing relationships proposed by Kövecses & Radden (1998). Furthermore, to fully account for the figurative meanings of heart idioms, the analysis also proposes six interaction models of between metaphor and metonymy, two of which are proposed in Ruiz de Mendoza (2003) and four of which are discovered by the current study.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLES


Table 1.1. Traditional view of idioms………………………3

Table 4.1. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying generic emotions…..............49

Table 4.2. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying specific emotions….............57

Table 4.3. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying personality…….................62

Table 4.4. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
displaying emotional types of Personality…65

Table 4.5. Summary of the analysis of heart idioms
belonging to the type of others............70

Table 4.6. All the metaphors mentioned in the
analysis...................................73

Table 4.7. All the types of metonymy-producing
relationships mentioned in the
analysis and related cognitive principles…75

Table 4.8. Models evoked for the research.............77

Table 5.1. Possible basic interaction models……………83


FIGURES


Figure 2.1. Relationship between the concepts of emotion
and personality...........................15

Figure 3.1. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source (Ruiz de Mendoza 2003:
122):He got up on his hind legs to defend his
views......................................39

Figure 3.2. Source-in target metonymy within the
metaphoric target (Ruiz de Mendoza
2003: 122):He kept his eyes peeled for
pickpockets................................40

Figure 3.3. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target (Ruiz de Mendoza
2003: 122):She could read my mind..........41

Figure 4.1. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:open one’s heart........45

Figure 4.2. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:take something to heart…46

Figure 4.3. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metonymic target:harden one’s heart………47

Figure 4.4. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:take heart..............51

Figure 4.5. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:The way to a man’s
heart is through his stomach..............52


Figure 4.6. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source:break one’s heart………53

Figure 4.7. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metonymic source:a lonely hearts club……53

Figure 4.8. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:win one’s heart…………55

Figure 4.9. Target-in-source metonymy being the target
of one metaphor and the source of another
metaphor:have a big heart………………………58

Figure 4.10. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metonymic target:heart of gold………………60

Figure 4.11. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source:heavy heart............63

Figure 4.12. Source-in-target metonymy within the
metaphoric source: One’s heart bleeds
for somebody………………………………………64

Figure 4.13. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:by heart……………………66

Figure 4.14. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric target:search one’s heart……67

Figure 4.15. Target-in-source metonymy within the
metaphoric source: two hearts that beat
as one....................................69







TABLE OF CONTENTS



Acknowledges………………………………………………………………iv
Chinese Abstract............................................vi
English Abstract............................................vii
Tables………………………………………………………………………viii
Figures……………………………………………………………………ix
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION......................................1
1.1 Defining Idioms...............................1
1.2 Traditional View of Idioms…………………………2
1.3 Cognitive View of Idioms……………………………4
1.4 Motivation and Purpose………………………………6
II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND DATA CATEGORIZATION…………8
2.1 Niemeier’s (2003) Study……………………………9
2.2 Definitions of Emotion and Personality…………12
2.3 Previous Studies on Emotion………………………13
2.4 Categorization of Heart Idioms……………………16
2.4.1 Type 1: Emotion…………………………17
2.4.2 Type 2: Personality……………………19
2.4.3 Type 3: Emotional Types of
Personality.................21
2.4.4 Type 4: Others……………………………22
III. INTERPRETATION SCHEMES…………………………………23
3.1 Contemporary Theory of Metaphor…………………24
3.1.1 The Nature and Structure of
Metaphor...........................24
3.1.2 Invariance Principle…………………25
3.1.3 Types of Metaphor………………………26
3.2 Cognitive Linguistic View of Metonymy…………30
3.2.1 Types of Metonymy-Producing
Relationships......................32
3.2.2 Principles Determining the Preferred
Vehicle............................35
3.3 Interactions Between Metaphor and Metonymy…37
IV. ANALYSIS.........................................41
4.1 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Generic
Emotions.....................................42
4.2 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Specific
Emotions.....................................47
4.3 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying
Personality..................................55
4.4 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying Emotional
Types of Personality.........................59
4.5 Analysis of Heart Idioms Displaying
Others.......................................63
4.6 Reflections of the Theories………………………68
4.6.1 Reflections of the Theory of
Metaphor...........................69
4.6.2 Reflections of the Theory of
Metonymy...........................70
4.6.3 Reflections of the Theory of
Interaction Models.................73
V. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………75
5.1 Summary…………………………………………………75
5.2 Future Study…………………………………………78
Appendix……………………………………………………………………85
References………………………………………………………………88		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0089555002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱喻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 換喻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 成語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 心zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 認知語意學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) metaphoren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) metonymyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) idiomen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) hearten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cognitive Semanticsen_US
dc.title (題名) Cognitive-Semantic Mechanisms Behind Heart Idiomszh_TW
dc.title (題名) 英文中"Heart"成語之認知語意機制zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teaching. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chafe, W. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language,zh_TW
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