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題名 原教旨主義政治理論在埃及的發展
作者 陳漢傑
Chen,Han-Chieh
貢獻者 林長寬
陳漢傑
Chen,Han-Chieh
關鍵詞 伊斯蘭
原教旨主義
政治思想史
宗教與政治
現代埃及
殖民主義
民族主義
日期 2005
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 17:00:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 原教旨主義是穆斯林世界回應現代化所產生的政治與社會思想，尤其當時代表穆斯林世界的鄂圖曼帝國在現代化的過程中逐漸崩解，不僅結束一統的伊斯蘭社群，同時因財政與內政問題下喪失政治與經濟的主權。現代化伴隨著西方殖民主義在穆斯林世界投下負面陰影，卻也激發了Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani等人，期望以社群團結回應殖民主義的思想，是為現代伊斯蘭原教旨主義的濫觴。
al-Afghani的思想為後人繼承，弟子Muhammad ‘Abduh建立了伊斯蘭的理性主義，一方面回應西方對伊斯蘭的誤解，另一方面論證穆斯林及其社群自身權利的來源。Rashid Rida則透過al-Afghani的政治架構來表現‘Abduh對社群權利的肯定，提出「新哈里發制度」作為嘗試。原教旨主義的嘗試，雖然沒有成功，迄至二十世紀，民族主義成為穆斯林爭取獨立的意識形態，尤其埃及受到英國勢力的入侵，企圖更形強烈。埃及民族主義日趨世俗化，卻遲遲未能解決問題，終於導致日後伊斯蘭原教旨躍然而起。
第一次世界大戰結束後，創立穆斯林兄弟會的Hasan al-Banna以行動發起伊斯蘭原教旨主義的運動，以積極而群體的方式涉入政治與社會事務，並指出伊斯蘭和民族國家之間的融通，期望以穆斯林社群作為「跨國之國」來統整穆斯林世界的力量。在政治體制上，甚至主張神聖統治下的伊斯蘭民主。這種具有政治與文化歸屬感的政治體制，既是一種追求政治、經濟獨立自主的力量，同時也是文化認同與原生的產物。
然而，原教旨主義的政治理念從未落實。埃及在歷經三十餘年的君主立憲後為軍人推翻，一九五二年由那瑟主導的社會主義共和國取代。新政府名義上保留立憲民主，實質上卻走向社會主義的集權統治，引發伊斯蘭原教旨主義者強烈的批判，視為仿效西方失敗後變形而成的「新暴政」。
其中影響廣泛的伊斯蘭激進主義思想家Sayyid Qutb，重新定義「蒙昧」與「奮戰」（Jihad）的教義，鼓勵民眾用和平或暴力的手段積極參與政治。除了對於西方文明、資本主義、工業化社會，以及物質主義等大加撻伐，並試圖從伊斯蘭的宗教內涵提出神聖主權的政治法理與正義的社會型態，逐漸周延原教旨主義的政治、社會、經濟藍圖。
參考文獻 ㄧ、工具書
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18、 Baker, Raymond William, Egypt’s Uncertain Revolution Under Nasser and Sadat. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1987.
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29、 Cooper, John, et al. ed. Islam and Modernity. London: I. B. Tauris, 1998.
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34、 Enayat, Hamid, Modern Islamic Political Thought. London: Macmillan, 1982.
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38、 Esposito, John, ed. Political Islam. London: Lynne Rienner, 1997.
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40、 Esposito, John, Islam and Politics. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1998.
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42、 Firestone, Reuven, Jihad: the Origin of Holy War in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
43、 Gellner, Ernest, 《國族與國族主義》（Nation and Nationalism）李金梅、黃俊龍（譯）台北：聯經出版社，2001。
44、 Gershoni, Ibrahim & Jankowski, James, Egypt, Islam, and the Arabs. New York; Oxford University Press, 1987.
45、 Gibb, Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen, Sir, Modern trends in Islam. New York : Octagon Books, 1947.
46、 Haddad, Yvonne. ‘Sayyid Qutb: Ideologue of Islamic Revival’ in John Esposito, ed. Voice of Resurgent Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983.
47、 Haim, Sylvia G., ed. Arab Nationalism. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1962.
48、 Hiro, Dilip, Holy Wars: The Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism. London: Routledge, 1989.
49、 Hodgson, Marshall, The Venture of Islam. Vol.3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
50、 Hourani, Albert, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
51、 Huntington, Samuel, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. NY: Simon& Schuster, 1996.
52、 Husaini, Ishak Musa, The Moslem Brethren. Beirut: Khayay’s College Book Co. 1956.
53、 Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History. Trans. by Franz Rosenthal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.
54、 Jansen, Johannes, The Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.
55、 Beinin, Joel & Strok, Joe, ed. Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Report. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
56、 Juergensmeyer, Mark, The New Cold War? Berkeley: University of Berkeley Press, 1993.
57、 Karen Armstrong.《為神而戰》（The Battle for God）王國璋（譯），台北：究竟出版社，2003。
58、 Keddie, Nikki, An Islamic Response to Imperialism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
59、 Keddie, Nikki, ed. Scholars, Saints, and Sufis. California: California University Press, 1972.
60、 Keddie. Nikki, Sayyid Jamal ad-Din “al-Afghani”: A Political Biography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
61、 Kedourie, Elie, Afghani and ‘Abduh. London: Frank Cass, 1966.
62、 Kepel, Gilles, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2002.
63、 Kepel, Gilles, Muslim Extremism in Egypt. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993.
64、 Kepel, Gilles, The Revenge of God. trans. by Alan Braley. Cambridge: Polity, 1994.
65、 Kerr, Malcolm, Islamic Reform: the Political and Legal Theories of Muhammad Abduh and Rashid Rida. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.
66、 Khadduri, Majid, Political Trends in the Arab World: the Role of Ideas and Ideals in Politics. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1983.
67、 Kramer, Martin, ed. The Islamism debate. Tel Aviv, Israel : Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1997.
68、 Kramer, Martin. Islam Assembled: The Advent of the Muslim Congress. NY: Columbia University Press, 1986.
69、 Kurzman, Charles, ed. Modernist Islam: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
70、 Lambton, Ann K. S., State and Government in Medieval Islam: an Introduction to the Study of Islamic Political Theory. New York : Oxford University Press, 1981.
71、 Lapidus, Ira M, A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
72、 Lapidus, Ira, A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
73、 Lawrence, Bruce, Defenders of God: the Fundamentalist Revolt Against the Modern Age. San Francisco: Harper& Row, 1989.
74、 Lewis, Bernard, 《哪裡出了錯？》（What Went Wrong?），張淑君（譯），台北：商周出版，2003。
75、 Lewis, Bernard, Emergence of Modern Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
76、 Lewis, Bernard, The Political Language of Islam. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1988.
77、 Lewis, Bernard, The Shaping of the Modern Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
78、 Lia, Brynjar, The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt. 1998.
79、 Macdonal, Duncan Black, Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory. New York: Russell & Russell, 1965.
80、 Marsot, Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
81、 Marsot, Afaf Lutfi Sayyid, Egypt`s Liberal Experiment, 1922-1936. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
82、 Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, ed. Accounting for Fundamentalisms: the Dynamic Character of Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
83、 Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, ed. Fundamentalisms and the State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
84、 Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, ed. Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
85、 Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, ed. Fundamentalisms Comprehended. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
86、 Marty, Martin E., and Appleby, R. Scott, ed. Fundamentalisms Observed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
87、 Milton-Edwards, Beverley, Islamic Politcs in Palestine. London: I. B. Tauris, 1996.
88、 Mitchell, Richard, Society of the Muslim Brothers. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
89、 Moaddel, Mansoor & Talattof, Kamran, Contemporary Debates in Islam. NY: St. Martin’s Press, 2000.
90、 Mortimer, Edward, Faith and Power : the Politics of Islam. New York : Vintage Books, 1982.
91、 Moussalli, Ahmad S., Moderate and Radical Islamic Fundamentalism. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 1999.
92、 Munson, Henry, Islam and Revolution in the Middle East. New Haven : Yale University Press, 1988.
93、 Owen, Roger, State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. London: Routledge, 2000.
94、 Piscatori, James, Islam in a World of Nation-States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
95、 Quataert, Donald, The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
96、 Qutb, Sayyid, Milestones. trans. by Ahmad Zaki Hammad. Indianapolis: ATP, 1990.
97、 Qutb, Sayyid, Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical Analysis of Social Justice in Islam. trans. by William E. Shepard. Leiden: Brill, 1996。
98、 Rosenthal, Erwin Isak Jakob, Political Thought in Medieval Islam : An Introductory Outline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
99、 Roy, Olivier, The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994.
100、 Safran, Nadav, Egypt in Search of Political Community. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1961.
101、 Sagiv, David, Fundamentalism and Intellectuals in Egypt, 1973-1993. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
102、 Said, Edward W., 《遮蔽的伊斯蘭》（Covering Islam），閻紀宇（譯）。台北：立緒，1993。
103、 Said, Edward, Orientalism. NY: Vintage, 1979.
104、 Schacht, Joseph, An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.
105、 Schulze, Reinhard, A Modern History of the Islamic World. trans. by Azizeh Azodi. London: I. B. Tauris, 2000.
106、 Sivan, Emmanuel, Radical Islam. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 1985.
107、 The Quran. trans. by Marmaduke Pickthall. NY: Knopf, 1993.
108、 Tibi, Bassam, The Challenge of Fundamentalism: Political Islam and the New World Order. Berkeley: University of California, 2002.
109、 Vatikiotis, P. J., History of Modern Egypt. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
110、 Wendell, Charles, Evolution of the Egyptian National Image. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
111、 Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky, Mobilizing Islam. NY: Columbia University Press, 2002.
112、 Zubaida, Sami, Islam, the People and the State. London: I. B. Tauris, 1993.
三、期刊論文
1、 Ayubi, Nazih, ‘The Political Revival of Islam: The Case of Egypt’ International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12, 1980.
2、 Calvert, John, ‘“The World is an Undutiful Boy!”: Sayyid Qutb’s American Experience’ Islam and Christian—Muslim Relations. 11(1), 2001.
3、 Dallal, Ahmad, ‘The Origins and Objectives of Islamic Revivalist Thoughts, 1750-1850’ Journal of the American Oriental Society. 113(3), 1993.
4、 Denny, Frederick Mathewson, ‘The Meaning of Ummah in the Qur’an’ History of Religions. 15(1), 1975.
5、 Fathi Osman. ‘Mawdudi’s Contribution to the Development of Modern Islamic Thinking in the Arabic-Speaking World’ Muslim World. 93(3-4), 2003.
6、 Goldberg, Ellis, ‘Smashing Idols and the State: the Protestant Ethic and Egyptian Sunni Radicalism’ Comparative Studies in Society and History. 33(1), 1991.
7、 Ibrahmin, Saad Eddin, ‘Anatomy of Egypt’s Militant Islamic Groups’ International Journal of Middle East Studies. 12(4), 1980.
8、 Keddie. Nikki, ‘Pan-Islam as Proto-Nationalism’ Journal of Modern History. 41(4), 1969.
9、 Khadduri, Majid, ‘The Juridical theory of Islamic State’ Muslim World. 41, 1951.
10、 Lapidus, Ira, ‘State and Religion in Islamic Societies.’ Past and Present. 0, 1996.
11、 Lewis, Bernard, ‘Revolt of Islam’. New Yorker. 11/19/2001.
12、 Lewis, Bernard, ‘The Impact of the French Revolution on Turkey’. Journal of World History. 1, 1953.
13、 Livingston, John, ‘Western Science and Educational Reform in the Thought of Shaykh Rifa’a al-Tahtawi’ in International Journal of Middle East Studies. 28, 1996.
14、 Said Aly, Abd al-Monein & Wenner, Manfred W., ‘Modern Islamic Reform Movements’. Middle East Journal. 36(3), 1985.
15、 William E. Shepard. ‘Sayyid Qutb’s Doctrince of Jahiliyya’. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 35, 2003.
16、 William Shepard. ‘Islam as a “System ” in the Later Writings of Sayyid Qutb’ Middle Eastern Studies. 25(1), 1989.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
宗教研究所
89156007
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0891560073
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林長寬zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳漢傑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen,Han-Chiehen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳漢傑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen,Han-Chiehen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 17:00:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 17:00:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 17:00:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0891560073en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33543-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 宗教研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 89156007zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 原教旨主義是穆斯林世界回應現代化所產生的政治與社會思想，尤其當時代表穆斯林世界的鄂圖曼帝國在現代化的過程中逐漸崩解，不僅結束一統的伊斯蘭社群，同時因財政與內政問題下喪失政治與經濟的主權。現代化伴隨著西方殖民主義在穆斯林世界投下負面陰影，卻也激發了Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani等人，期望以社群團結回應殖民主義的思想，是為現代伊斯蘭原教旨主義的濫觴。
al-Afghani的思想為後人繼承，弟子Muhammad ‘Abduh建立了伊斯蘭的理性主義，一方面回應西方對伊斯蘭的誤解，另一方面論證穆斯林及其社群自身權利的來源。Rashid Rida則透過al-Afghani的政治架構來表現‘Abduh對社群權利的肯定，提出「新哈里發制度」作為嘗試。原教旨主義的嘗試，雖然沒有成功，迄至二十世紀，民族主義成為穆斯林爭取獨立的意識形態，尤其埃及受到英國勢力的入侵，企圖更形強烈。埃及民族主義日趨世俗化，卻遲遲未能解決問題，終於導致日後伊斯蘭原教旨躍然而起。
第一次世界大戰結束後，創立穆斯林兄弟會的Hasan al-Banna以行動發起伊斯蘭原教旨主義的運動，以積極而群體的方式涉入政治與社會事務，並指出伊斯蘭和民族國家之間的融通，期望以穆斯林社群作為「跨國之國」來統整穆斯林世界的力量。在政治體制上，甚至主張神聖統治下的伊斯蘭民主。這種具有政治與文化歸屬感的政治體制，既是一種追求政治、經濟獨立自主的力量，同時也是文化認同與原生的產物。
然而，原教旨主義的政治理念從未落實。埃及在歷經三十餘年的君主立憲後為軍人推翻，一九五二年由那瑟主導的社會主義共和國取代。新政府名義上保留立憲民主，實質上卻走向社會主義的集權統治，引發伊斯蘭原教旨主義者強烈的批判，視為仿效西方失敗後變形而成的「新暴政」。
其中影響廣泛的伊斯蘭激進主義思想家Sayyid Qutb，重新定義「蒙昧」與「奮戰」（Jihad）的教義，鼓勵民眾用和平或暴力的手段積極參與政治。除了對於西方文明、資本主義、工業化社會，以及物質主義等大加撻伐，並試圖從伊斯蘭的宗教內涵提出神聖主權的政治法理與正義的社會型態，逐漸周延原教旨主義的政治、社會、經濟藍圖。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1-15
（一） 研究動機
（二） 題旨說明
（三） 問題脈絡與文獻回顧
（四） 原教旨主義的歷史性
（五） 研究方法
第二章 穆斯林社群的政治權利………………………………………………16-54
（一） 中東現代化與政治獨立的喪失
（二） Muhammad ‘Abduh的改革理論：穆斯林社群的代議政治
（三） Rashid Rida：新「哈里發制度」下的社群權利
第三章 原教旨主義「伊斯蘭民主」的主張…………………………………55-95
（一） 埃及民族主義的發展與失敗
（二） 原教旨主義的批判與回應：Hasan al-Banna
（三） 伊斯蘭國家：穆斯林社群與民主政治
第四章 原教旨主義的激進主義……………………………………………96-129
（一） 紛亂的民主與一九五二年革命
（二） Sayyid Qutb的批判與重建：蒙昧與伊斯蘭的政治參與
（三） 伊斯蘭文明之地：神聖主權與社會正義
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………130-134
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………135-141		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0891560073en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 伊斯蘭zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原教旨主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治思想史zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教與政治zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 現代埃及zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 殖民主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 民族主義zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 原教旨主義政治理論在埃及的發展zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ㄧ、工具書zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、專書zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 三、期刊論文zh_TW
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