Publications-Theses
Article View/Open
Publication Export
Google ScholarTM
NCCU Library
Citation Infomation
Related Publications in TAIR
| Title | 《薄伽梵歌》研究 - 從karma與瑜伽之整彙看婆羅門思想的新樣貌 |
| Creator | 林子瑄 Lin ,Tzu- Hsuan |
| Contributor | 黃柏棋 林子瑄 Lin ,Tzu- Hsuan |
| Key Words | 薄伽梵歌 瑜伽 婆羅門思想 印度教 剎帝利 Bhagavad Gita karma dharma guna yoga Arjuna Krsna Brahmanism Hinduism Ksatriya |
| Date | 2005 |
| Date Issued | 17-Sep-2009 17:01:43 (UTC+8) |
| Summary | 《薄伽梵歌》是以婆羅門教為主、廣納與修改印度流行的宗教修行方式與觀念、且重新解釋吠陀傳統的新婆羅門教，此一「新」讓婆羅門教不再只是遵循吠陀傳統、以婆羅門為中心的宗教，而是以種姓制度內所有人為本、以專意向著Krsna為本、使凡人都能得到解脫的「印度教」。 文中將從《薄伽梵歌》的基本 – karma為始，首先瞭解《薄伽梵歌》中的karma為何，其次是《薄伽梵歌》不斷強調的dharma(種姓職責)，第三是karma的細部分類 – guna，第四是《薄伽梵歌》將印度宗教修行方法統合至一的瑜伽。 從上可見得《薄伽梵歌》如何回應西元前七世紀到西元後三世紀婆羅門教面臨的問題，包括佛教與耆那教的產生、種姓制度的嚴峻與瓦解。 Bhagavad Gita is based, in the main , on Brahmanism. However, as an important Hindu scripture, it synthesizes yet remodifies the previous religious practices and thoughts. It is neo-Brahmanism in a sense that it reconstructs the Vedic tradition. However, the Gita does not totally succumb to the authority of the Veda and Brahmanic orthodoxy. On the one hand, it addresses to the general audience under caste system; on the other hand, it declares that any devotee of Krsna, irrespective of the position in caste system, has the chance to attain moksa. The first part of the thesis is on the meaning of karma in the Gita. The second part is on dharma, or rather svadharma. The third part is on the details classification of karma, that is , the idea of guna. The last part is on the encompassing idea of yoga in the Gita which embodies different yogin traditions. The above description also gives us an idea that from the 7th century BCE to the 3rd century AD Brahmanism faced many troubles within and without. Among others, the dissemination of Buddhism, Jainism and the rigor as well as possible disintegration of the caste system pose formidable challenges. |
| 參考文獻 | 一、梵文原典與翻譯 (一)《薄伽梵歌》 The Bhagavad Gétä. 1893. Translated by John Davies. London: Keagan Paul, Trenc, Trubner, & Co. Ltd. The Bhagavad Gita. 1994. Translated by Winthrop Sargeant. Christopher Chapple ed. SUNY Series in Cultural Perspectives. Albany, N. Y. : State University of New York Press. The Bhagavad Gita: with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya. 1997. Translated by Alladi Mahadeva Sastry. Madras, India: Samata Books. The Gospel of Selfless Action, or, The Gita According to Gandhi. 2000. Translated by Mohandas K. Gandhi. Mahadev Desai ed. Roseville, Calif. : Dry Bones Press. 《薄伽梵歌》。1999年。希瓦難陀(Shivananda)譯，懷塵中譯。新竹：中國瑜伽出版社。 (二)奧義書 The Principal Upaniñad. 1992. Translated and edited by S. Radhakrishnan. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press. (三)《摩奴法論》 The Laws of Manu. 1991. Translated by Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty and Brain K. Smith. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 《摩奴法論》。1986年。蔣忠新譯。北京：中國社會科學出版社。 (四)《摩訶婆羅多》 The Mahabharata.1973-1978. Translated and edited by J. A. B. van Buitenen. Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press. 二、西文書目 Abbe Dubois, J. A. 1996. Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies. Translated by Henry K. Beauchamp. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. Basham, A. L. 1967. The Wonder that was India. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. Brodbeck, Simon. 2004. Calling Kåñëa’s Bluff: Non-Attached Action in Bhagavad Gétä. Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 81-103. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. Bronkhorst, J. 1993. The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India. 68-111. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Dasgupta, S. N. 1996. Yoga Philosophy – In Relation to other System of Indian Thought. Calcutta, 1930. Reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. Dasgupta, Surendranath. 2000. A History of Indian Philosophy. Vol. 2. Cambridge, 1922. Reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. Dumont, Louis. 1974. Homo Hierarchicus – The Caste System and Its Implications. Translated by Mark Sainsbury. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Dumont, Louis. 1980. The Conception of Kingship in Ancient India. In Homo Hierarchicus – The Caste System and its Implications. Translated by Mark Sainsbury, 287-313. USA: The University of Chicago Press. Eliade, Mircea. 1973. Yoga – Immortality and Freedom. Translated by Willard R. Trask. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Eliade, Mircea. 1975. Patanjali and Yoga. Translated by Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Schocken Books. Fitzgerald, James L. 2004. Dharma and its Translation in the Mahäbhärata. Netherlands: Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 671-685. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. Flood, Gavin D. 1996. An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. Hacker, P. 1965. Dharma im Hinduismus. Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 49, 93–106. Hardy, Friedhelm. 1988. The Classical Religions of India. In The World’s Religions, ed. Stewart Sutherland, Leslie Houlden, Peter Clarke, and Friedhelm Hardy, 569-660. London: Routledge. Hill, Peter. 2001. Fate, Predestination and Human Action in the Mahäbhärata: A Study in the History of Ideas. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Hopkins, E. Washburn. 1906. Modifications of the Karma Doctrine. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol XXXVII. Hopkins, E. Washburn. 1968. Ethics of India. Yale University Press, 1924. Reprint, USA: Kennikat Press. Inden, R. 1985. Lordship and Caste in Hindu Discourse. In Indian Religion, ed. R. Burghart and A. Cantlie, 159-179. London: Curzon Press. Jha, G. 1916. The Pürva Mimäàsä Sütras of Jaimini, chapters I–III. Translated with an original commentary. Allahabad: The Päëini Office, Bhuvaneçwaré Äçrama. Kaelber, W. O. 1989. Tapta-Märga: Asceticism and Initiation in Vedic India. Albany: State University of New York Press. Lariviere, R.W. 1997. Dharmaçästra, Custom, ‘Real Law,’ and ‘Apocryphal’ Småtis, Recht, Staat, und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien. ed. Bernhard Kölver. Munich: R. Oldenbourg. Lariviere, Richard W. 2004. Dharmaçästra, Custom, ‘Real Law’ and ‘Apocryphal’ Småtis. Netherlands: Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 611-627. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. Maharishi, Mahesh Yogi. 1967. On the Bhagavad-Gita: A New Translation and Commentary. London: Penguin. Mandelbaum, David G. 1972. Society in India – Continuity and Change. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Mathur, D. C. 1974. The Conception of Action in the Bhagvad-Gita. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 35, no. 1: 34-45. Database on-line. Available from JSTOR. Miller, J. 1985. Cosmic Vision of the Vedas. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. O’Flaherty, W. Doniger. 1976. The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. Berkeley: University of California Press. O’Flaherty, W. Doniger. 1980. Introduction. In Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions, ed. W. Doniger O’Flaherty, xii-xviii. Berkeley: University of California Press. Obeyesekere, G. 1921. Transmigration. In Encyclopaedia of Religon and Ethics, vol. 12, ed. J. Hastings, 425-440. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. Organ, Troy Wilson. 1970. The Hindu Quest for the Perfection of Man. Ohio: Ohio University. Parrinder, Geoffrey. 1997. Avatar and Incarnation – The Divine in Human Form in the World’s Religions. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. Potter, K. 1980. The Karma Theory and its Interpretation in Some Indian Philosophical Systems. In Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions, ed. W. Doniger O’Flaherty, 245-248. Berkeley: University of California Press. Rao, K. L. Seshagiri. 1987. Karma in Hindu Thought. In The Dimensions of Karma, ed. S. S. Rama Rao Pappu, 23. Delhi: Chanakya Publications. Rao, M. S. A. 1972. Religion and Economic Development. In Tradition, Rationality and Change. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. Ryan, Michael P. 1999. Samsa and Saàsära: Suffering, Death, and Rebirth in "The Metamorphosis". Cherry Hill: German Quarterly. Database on-line. Available from Proquest, 46123403. Sharma, Arvind. 1996. On the Distinction between Karma and Rebirth in Hinduism. Asian Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from Academic Search Premier, EBSCO. Sharma, Chandradhar. 1976. A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Sharma, Ursula. 1973. Theodicy and Doctrine of Karma. Man, vol. 8, no. 3: 347-364. Database on-line. Available from JSTOR. Van Buittenen, J.A.B. 1973 (Trans.) The Mahabharata. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Van Ness, Peter H. 1999. Yoga as Spiritual But Not Religious: A Pragmatic perspective. West Lafayette: American Journal of Theology & Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 38949290. Wezler, A. 1999. Über den sakramentalen Charakter des Dharma. In G. Oberhammer and M. Schmücker ed., Raum-zeitliche Vermittlung der Transzendenz: Zur ‘sakramentalen’ Dimension religöser Tradition. Wien: Der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Whicher, Ian. 1998a. The Final Stages of Purification in Classical Yoga. Abingdon: Asian Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 33223791. Whicher, Ian. 1998b. Yoga and Freedom: A Reconsideration of Patanjali`s Classical Yoga. Honolulu: Philosophy East and West. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 29373843. Zaehner, R. C. 1975. Hinduism. London: OUP. 三、中文書目 朱明忠。1994。<整體瑜伽論探微>。世界宗教研究，3期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 姚衛群。2004。<吠陀奧義書中確立的婆羅門教的基礎觀念>。南亞研究，1期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 韋伯(Max Weber)。1996。《印度的宗教：印度教與佛教I》，康樂、簡惠美譯。台北：遠流。 孫治興。1986年6月。<印度巴克諦(Bhakti)思想的研究>。中國文化大學印度文化研究所，碩士論文。 耿振華。1986年5月。<薄伽梵曲之研究>。中國文化大學印度文化研究所，碩士論文。 葛維鈞。1998。<試談業報理論的產生 - 「業報理論源流探索」之四>。南亞研究，1期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 |
| Description | 碩士 國立政治大學 宗教研究所 91156001 94 |
| 資料來源 | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0911560011 |
| Type | thesis |
| dc.contributor.advisor | 黃柏棋 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 林子瑄 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Lin ,Tzu- Hsuan | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 林子瑄 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Lin ,Tzu- Hsuan | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2005 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 17-Sep-2009 17:01:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 17-Sep-2009 17:01:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-Sep-2009 17:01:43 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0911560011 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33550 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 宗教研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 91156001 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 《薄伽梵歌》是以婆羅門教為主、廣納與修改印度流行的宗教修行方式與觀念、且重新解釋吠陀傳統的新婆羅門教，此一「新」讓婆羅門教不再只是遵循吠陀傳統、以婆羅門為中心的宗教，而是以種姓制度內所有人為本、以專意向著Krsna為本、使凡人都能得到解脫的「印度教」。 文中將從《薄伽梵歌》的基本 – karma為始，首先瞭解《薄伽梵歌》中的karma為何，其次是《薄伽梵歌》不斷強調的dharma(種姓職責)，第三是karma的細部分類 – guna，第四是《薄伽梵歌》將印度宗教修行方法統合至一的瑜伽。 從上可見得《薄伽梵歌》如何回應西元前七世紀到西元後三世紀婆羅門教面臨的問題，包括佛教與耆那教的產生、種姓制度的嚴峻與瓦解。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Bhagavad Gita is based, in the main , on Brahmanism. However, as an important Hindu scripture, it synthesizes yet remodifies the previous religious practices and thoughts. It is neo-Brahmanism in a sense that it reconstructs the Vedic tradition. However, the Gita does not totally succumb to the authority of the Veda and Brahmanic orthodoxy. On the one hand, it addresses to the general audience under caste system; on the other hand, it declares that any devotee of Krsna, irrespective of the position in caste system, has the chance to attain moksa. The first part of the thesis is on the meaning of karma in the Gita. The second part is on dharma, or rather svadharma. The third part is on the details classification of karma, that is , the idea of guna. The last part is on the encompassing idea of yoga in the Gita which embodies different yogin traditions. The above description also gives us an idea that from the 7th century BCE to the 3rd century AD Brahmanism faced many troubles within and without. Among others, the dissemination of Buddhism, Jainism and the rigor as well as possible disintegration of the caste system pose formidable challenges. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 前言 1 第一節 研究概述與架構 1 第二節 文獻回顧 2 第三節 名詞與頌偈編寫3 第二章 karma4 第一節 karma的廣泛定義 4 一、廣義的karma 4 二、《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述 6 第二節 karma與samsara 7 一、karma與samsara的結合 7 二、《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述 11 第三節 《薄伽梵歌》的karma觀20 一、《薄伽梵歌》的karma觀概述20 二、《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述 21 第四節 小結 24 第三章 dharma 26 第一節 dharma的廣泛定義26 第二節 種姓職責概述27 一、概述 27 二、《薄伽梵歌》的觀點28 第三節 剎帝利的dharma30 一、《薄伽梵歌》之主角 – 剎帝利 30 二、《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述33 第四節 小結43 第四章 guna44 第一節 《薄伽梵歌》的guna之義44 第二節 《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述45 一、guna之源45 二、Krsna、guna與生命運行 46 三、guna的性質47 四、guna與karma – karma的種類50 (一)karma類別一：與karma相關的guna分類50 (二)karma類別二：與宗教修行相關的guna分類54 (三)karma類別三：與生活及生命相關的guna分類 58 五、guna與karma – karma的本質68 六、自guna解脫之道71 第三節 小結73 第五章 瑜伽76 第一節 瑜伽概述76 一、瑜伽的簡史76 二、瑜伽的廣泛定義77 第二節 瑜伽的方法 80 一、瑜伽方法概述80 二、《薄伽梵歌》所述的瑜伽方法81 第三節 《薄伽梵歌》的瑜伽 85 一、《薄伽梵歌》的瑜伽概述 85 二、《薄伽梵歌》頌偈之敘述 85 第四節 小結 93 第六章 結語 95 參考書目 98 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 36201 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 67625 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 55689 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 97059 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 382962 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 356342 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 337202 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 353071 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 126640 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 107384 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0911560011 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 薄伽梵歌 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 瑜伽 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 婆羅門思想 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 印度教 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 剎帝利 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Bhagavad Gita | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | karma | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | dharma | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | guna | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | yoga | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Arjuna | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Krsna | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Brahmanism | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Hinduism | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Ksatriya | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 《薄伽梵歌》研究 - 從karma與瑜伽之整彙看婆羅門思想的新樣貌 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 一、梵文原典與翻譯 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (一)《薄伽梵歌》 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Bhagavad Gétä. 1893. Translated by John Davies. London: Keagan Paul, Trenc, Trubner, & Co. Ltd. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Bhagavad Gita. 1994. Translated by Winthrop Sargeant. Christopher Chapple ed. SUNY Series in Cultural Perspectives. Albany, N. Y. : State University of New York Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Bhagavad Gita: with the Commentary of Sri Sankaracharya. 1997. Translated by Alladi Mahadeva Sastry. Madras, India: Samata Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Gospel of Selfless Action, or, The Gita According to Gandhi. 2000. Translated by Mohandas K. Gandhi. Mahadev Desai ed. Roseville, Calif. : Dry Bones Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 《薄伽梵歌》。1999年。希瓦難陀(Shivananda)譯，懷塵中譯。新竹：中國瑜伽出版社。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (二)奧義書 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Principal Upaniñad. 1992. Translated and edited by S. Radhakrishnan. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (三)《摩奴法論》 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Laws of Manu. 1991. Translated by Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty and Brain K. Smith. Harmondsworth: Penguin. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 《摩奴法論》。1986年。蔣忠新譯。北京：中國社會科學出版社。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | (四)《摩訶婆羅多》 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | The Mahabharata.1973-1978. Translated and edited by J. A. B. van Buitenen. Chicago, Ill. : University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 二、西文書目 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Abbe Dubois, J. A. 1996. Hindu Manners, Customs, and Ceremonies. Translated by Henry K. Beauchamp. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Basham, A. L. 1967. The Wonder that was India. London: Sidgwick and Jackson. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brodbeck, Simon. 2004. Calling Kåñëa’s Bluff: Non-Attached Action in Bhagavad Gétä. Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 81-103. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bronkhorst, J. 1993. The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India. 68-111. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dasgupta, S. N. 1996. Yoga Philosophy – In Relation to other System of Indian Thought. Calcutta, 1930. Reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dasgupta, Surendranath. 2000. A History of Indian Philosophy. Vol. 2. Cambridge, 1922. Reprint, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dumont, Louis. 1974. Homo Hierarchicus – The Caste System and Its Implications. Translated by Mark Sainsbury. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Dumont, Louis. 1980. The Conception of Kingship in Ancient India. In Homo Hierarchicus – The Caste System and its Implications. Translated by Mark Sainsbury, 287-313. USA: The University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eliade, Mircea. 1973. Yoga – Immortality and Freedom. Translated by Willard R. Trask. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Eliade, Mircea. 1975. Patanjali and Yoga. Translated by Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Schocken Books. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fitzgerald, James L. 2004. Dharma and its Translation in the Mahäbhärata. Netherlands: Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 671-685. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Flood, Gavin D. 1996. An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hacker, P. 1965. Dharma im Hinduismus. Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 49, 93–106. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hardy, Friedhelm. 1988. The Classical Religions of India. In The World’s Religions, ed. Stewart Sutherland, Leslie Houlden, Peter Clarke, and Friedhelm Hardy, 569-660. London: Routledge. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hill, Peter. 2001. Fate, Predestination and Human Action in the Mahäbhärata: A Study in the History of Ideas. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hopkins, E. Washburn. 1906. Modifications of the Karma Doctrine. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol XXXVII. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hopkins, E. Washburn. 1968. Ethics of India. Yale University Press, 1924. Reprint, USA: Kennikat Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Inden, R. 1985. Lordship and Caste in Hindu Discourse. In Indian Religion, ed. R. Burghart and A. Cantlie, 159-179. London: Curzon Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Jha, G. 1916. The Pürva Mimäàsä Sütras of Jaimini, chapters I–III. Translated with an original commentary. Allahabad: The Päëini Office, Bhuvaneçwaré Äçrama. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaelber, W. O. 1989. Tapta-Märga: Asceticism and Initiation in Vedic India. Albany: State University of New York Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lariviere, R.W. 1997. Dharmaçästra, Custom, ‘Real Law,’ and ‘Apocryphal’ Småtis, Recht, Staat, und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien. ed. Bernhard Kölver. Munich: R. Oldenbourg. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lariviere, Richard W. 2004. Dharmaçästra, Custom, ‘Real Law’ and ‘Apocryphal’ Småtis. Netherlands: Journal of Indian Philosophy 32: 611-627. Database on-line. Available from EBSCO. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Maharishi, Mahesh Yogi. 1967. On the Bhagavad-Gita: A New Translation and Commentary. London: Penguin. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mandelbaum, David G. 1972. Society in India – Continuity and Change. Los Angeles: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Mathur, D. C. 1974. The Conception of Action in the Bhagvad-Gita. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 35, no. 1: 34-45. Database on-line. Available from JSTOR. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Miller, J. 1985. Cosmic Vision of the Vedas. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | O’Flaherty, W. Doniger. 1976. The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. Berkeley: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | O’Flaherty, W. Doniger. 1980. Introduction. In Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions, ed. W. Doniger O’Flaherty, xii-xviii. Berkeley: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Obeyesekere, G. 1921. Transmigration. In Encyclopaedia of Religon and Ethics, vol. 12, ed. J. Hastings, 425-440. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Organ, Troy Wilson. 1970. The Hindu Quest for the Perfection of Man. Ohio: Ohio University. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Parrinder, Geoffrey. 1997. Avatar and Incarnation – The Divine in Human Form in the World’s Religions. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Potter, K. 1980. The Karma Theory and its Interpretation in Some Indian Philosophical Systems. In Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions, ed. W. Doniger O’Flaherty, 245-248. Berkeley: University of California Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rao, K. L. Seshagiri. 1987. Karma in Hindu Thought. In The Dimensions of Karma, ed. S. S. Rama Rao Pappu, 23. Delhi: Chanakya Publications. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Rao, M. S. A. 1972. Religion and Economic Development. In Tradition, Rationality and Change. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ryan, Michael P. 1999. Samsa and Saàsära: Suffering, Death, and Rebirth in "The Metamorphosis". Cherry Hill: German Quarterly. Database on-line. Available from Proquest, 46123403. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sharma, Arvind. 1996. On the Distinction between Karma and Rebirth in Hinduism. Asian Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from Academic Search Premier, EBSCO. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sharma, Chandradhar. 1976. A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sharma, Ursula. 1973. Theodicy and Doctrine of Karma. Man, vol. 8, no. 3: 347-364. Database on-line. Available from JSTOR. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Van Buittenen, J.A.B. 1973 (Trans.) The Mahabharata. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Van Ness, Peter H. 1999. Yoga as Spiritual But Not Religious: A Pragmatic perspective. West Lafayette: American Journal of Theology & Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 38949290. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Wezler, A. 1999. Über den sakramentalen Charakter des Dharma. In G. Oberhammer and M. Schmücker ed., Raum-zeitliche Vermittlung der Transzendenz: Zur ‘sakramentalen’ Dimension religöser Tradition. Wien: Der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whicher, Ian. 1998a. The Final Stages of Purification in Classical Yoga. Abingdon: Asian Philosophy. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 33223791. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Whicher, Ian. 1998b. Yoga and Freedom: A Reconsideration of Patanjali`s Classical Yoga. Honolulu: Philosophy East and West. Database on-line. Available from ProQuest, 29373843. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Zaehner, R. C. 1975. Hinduism. London: OUP. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 三、中文書目 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 朱明忠。1994。<整體瑜伽論探微>。世界宗教研究，3期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 姚衛群。2004。<吠陀奧義書中確立的婆羅門教的基礎觀念>。南亞研究，1期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 韋伯(Max Weber)。1996。《印度的宗教：印度教與佛教I》，康樂、簡惠美譯。台北：遠流。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 孫治興。1986年6月。<印度巴克諦(Bhakti)思想的研究>。中國文化大學印度文化研究所，碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 耿振華。1986年5月。<薄伽梵曲之研究>。中國文化大學印度文化研究所，碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 葛維鈞。1998。<試談業報理論的產生 - 「業報理論源流探索」之四>。南亞研究，1期。線上資料庫。可取自中國期刊網。 | zh_TW |