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題名 「科技創新」概念在霸權領導體系中之角色分析—霸權穩定理論之探討
作者 王聖智
貢獻者 林碧炤
王聖智
關鍵詞 科技創新
霸權穩定理論
英國霸權興衰
美國霸權興衰
柔性國力
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 17:48:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 隨著文明的發展，人類對於物質與資源的利用能力亦隨之提升，而此方面能力的進步，即透過「科技創新」的方式來達成。科技創新是人類歷史必然過程，尤其二十世紀後半葉的科技創新更對人類造成前所未有的衝擊。傳播與運輸技術、資訊科技、目前蓬勃發展的奈米科技等，均深刻影響著國際經貿、國際安全，以及國家互動的模式。
另一方面，霸權穩定理論可算是國際關係學中一個重要的理論，雖不免有缺陷，卻仍然影響著國際關係的發展。但時代不斷地進步，國際環境亦隨之變遷，就當今局勢觀之，科技力量與柔性國力在國際體系權力分配中扮演著日趨重要的角色。因此，霸權穩定理論也必須進行修正與擴充，才能適應國際環境的變遷，繼續保有其解釋力，這也是為本文作者選擇以「科技創新」之概念來擴充霸權穩定理論之原因。
本文首先將對霸權穩定理論的發展做一整理，首先討論霸權的定義，概略討論霸權的種類，並對霸權穩定理論的內涵與演變做一完整的說明。然而，一個理論的提出，必然會遭遇不同意見的批判，該理論的提倡者也會提出反駁的理由。本文亦將對這些針對霸權穩定理論之批判，以及霸權穩定理論提倡者之反駁做一概略的敘述，希冀為霸權穩定理論勾勒出一條清晰的脈絡。
其次，本文以David Easton的系統論作為分析模型，將科技創新的概念視為輸入項，將霸權領導體系視為一個運作、轉換的機制，藉此檢視科技創新概念與霸權穩定理論的邏輯論述之互動，以及霸權國家的發展，進而探討科技創新在霸權穩定理論中扮演何種角色。
探討過科技創新概念對霸權穩定理論以及霸權國家的影響後，本文將以19世紀的英國(1815-1914)與20世紀的美國(1945-2000)為實際案例，對前述的分析做一檢驗與對照，同時並探討這兩個不同時期霸權的權力型態與資源，藉由比較兩者之間的異同，找出霸權的時代特性與循環規律。
本文最後的部分為總結與展望，概略整理歷史上霸權的興衰與國際體系的變遷，再依循此歷史脈絡，將生產技術改良與科技創新速率急遽增加等因素納入考量，預測未來國際體系的發展方向。並綜合整篇論文的關鍵概念與架構，對此篇論文的參考價值與侷限做一完整的評估，提出作者對此篇論文的期待。
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貳、中文期刊：
丁永康。〈冷戰後美國的大戰略：建立單極霸權體系之挑戰〉。《美歐季刊》，13(2)：161-180。
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彭慧鸞。〈二十一世紀美國亞太政策的新方向--科技優勢下的「柔性霸權」﹖〉。《美歐月刊》，11(6)：4-19。
彭慧鸞。〈資訊時代國際關係理論與實務之研究〉。《問題與研究》，39(5)：1-15。
彭慧鸞。〈科技創新、產業全球化與國際政治經濟研究的新趨勢〉。《問題與研究》，34(3)：49-64。
楊永明。〈美國亞太安全戰略之理論分析〉。《美歐季刊》，12(3)：35-71。
張登及。〈從宏觀歷史視野解讀美「中」軍機碰撞事故--一次對「現狀霸權」與「新興大國」共容性的考驗〉。《共黨問題研究》，27(5)：104-106。
鄭端耀。〈國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析〉。《問題與研究》，42(2)：1-21。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
91253004
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091253004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林碧炤zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王聖智zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王聖智zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 17:48:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 17:48:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 17:48:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0091253004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33660-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91253004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 隨著文明的發展，人類對於物質與資源的利用能力亦隨之提升，而此方面能力的進步，即透過「科技創新」的方式來達成。科技創新是人類歷史必然過程，尤其二十世紀後半葉的科技創新更對人類造成前所未有的衝擊。傳播與運輸技術、資訊科技、目前蓬勃發展的奈米科技等，均深刻影響著國際經貿、國際安全，以及國家互動的模式。
另一方面，霸權穩定理論可算是國際關係學中一個重要的理論，雖不免有缺陷，卻仍然影響著國際關係的發展。但時代不斷地進步，國際環境亦隨之變遷，就當今局勢觀之，科技力量與柔性國力在國際體系權力分配中扮演著日趨重要的角色。因此，霸權穩定理論也必須進行修正與擴充，才能適應國際環境的變遷，繼續保有其解釋力，這也是為本文作者選擇以「科技創新」之概念來擴充霸權穩定理論之原因。
本文首先將對霸權穩定理論的發展做一整理，首先討論霸權的定義，概略討論霸權的種類，並對霸權穩定理論的內涵與演變做一完整的說明。然而，一個理論的提出，必然會遭遇不同意見的批判，該理論的提倡者也會提出反駁的理由。本文亦將對這些針對霸權穩定理論之批判，以及霸權穩定理論提倡者之反駁做一概略的敘述，希冀為霸權穩定理論勾勒出一條清晰的脈絡。
其次，本文以David Easton的系統論作為分析模型，將科技創新的概念視為輸入項，將霸權領導體系視為一個運作、轉換的機制，藉此檢視科技創新概念與霸權穩定理論的邏輯論述之互動，以及霸權國家的發展，進而探討科技創新在霸權穩定理論中扮演何種角色。
探討過科技創新概念對霸權穩定理論以及霸權國家的影響後，本文將以19世紀的英國(1815-1914)與20世紀的美國(1945-2000)為實際案例，對前述的分析做一檢驗與對照，同時並探討這兩個不同時期霸權的權力型態與資源，藉由比較兩者之間的異同，找出霸權的時代特性與循環規律。
本文最後的部分為總結與展望，概略整理歷史上霸權的興衰與國際體系的變遷，再依循此歷史脈絡，將生產技術改良與科技創新速率急遽增加等因素納入考量，預測未來國際體系的發展方向。並綜合整篇論文的關鍵概念與架構，對此篇論文的參考價值與侷限做一完整的評估，提出作者對此篇論文的期待。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 導論…………………………………………………………1
第壹節 研究動機與研究目的………………………………………1
壹 研究動機……………………………………………………1
貳 研究目的……………………………………………………4
第貳節 文獻回顧與分析……………………………………………6
壹 現實主義學派與霸權………………………………………6
一 傳統現實主義與霸權………………………………………7
二 結構現實主義與霸權………………………………………8
三 攻勢、守勢現實主義與霸權………………………………8
貳 自由主義學派與霸權………………………………………9
一 理想主義與霸權……………………………………………9
二 自由制度主義與霸權………………………………………10
參 全球主義學派與霸權………………………………………11
一 世界資本主義體系理論與霸權……………………………11
二 霸權的全球化………………………………………………11
肆 科技創新與霸權……………………………………………12
第參節 研究方法與研究架構………………………………………14
壹 研究方法……………………………………………………14
貳 研究架構……………………………………………………15
第肆節 研究範圍與研究限制………………………………………18
壹 霸權穩定理論的研究侷限―分析層次的問題……………18
貳 科技創新與國際關係理論之連結…………………………19
參 改變國際體系及全球權力分配的因素……………………21

第貳章 霸權穩定理論概述…………………………………………23
第壹節 霸權的定義與分類…………………………………………23
壹 霸權的定義…………………………………………………23
貳 霸權的分類…………………………………………………25
第貳節 霸權穩定理論之內涵與演進………………………………27
壹 霸權穩定理論的實質內涵…………………………………27
貳 霸權穩定理論的起源與演進………………………………29
第參節 對霸權穩定理論之批判……………………………………32
壹 就概念層面的批判…………………………………………33
貳 就國際體系行為者層面的批判……………………………34
參 就霸權穩定理論邏輯假設層面的批判……………………35
第肆節 對批判之回應………………………………………………38
小結…………………………………………………………42

第參章 「科技創新」在霸權穩定理論中之作用與影響…………43
第壹節 影響科技創新的內生變項與外生變項……………………43
壹 影響科技創新的內生變項…………………………………44
一 內生成長理論………………………………………………44
二 有限理性與反饋機制………………………………………46
三 科學家的研究與發展………………………………………47
貳 影響科技創新的外生變項…………………………………48
一 集體行動理論………………………………………………48
二 國家資源的投入與私人企業的獎勵………………………48
三 資訊的取得…………………………………………………49
四 其他環境因素………………………………………………49
參 內生變項與外生變項之連結………………………………50
第貳節 科技創新與國家權力範疇…………………………………52
壹 剛性國力……………………………………………………53
一 政治力量層面………………………………………………53
二 軍事力量層面………………………………………………53
三 經濟力量層面………………………………………………54
貳 柔性國力……………………………………………………55
參 最新的實例―奈米科技……………………………………56
一 奈米科技與應用……………………………………………56
二 奈米科技對國家權力範疇之影響…………………………58
第參節 科技創新對霸權領導體系之影響—穩定或不穩定………59
壹 科技創新、科技轉移以及科技外溢的問題………………60
貳 霸權國家所建立之國際建制的維持問題…………………63
參 冷戰的結束與戰爭型態的轉變……………………………65
第肆節 霸權國家對科技創新概念的認知－以目前美國軍事科技為例66
壹 決策階層的認知……………………………………………67
貳 軍方的需求與實踐…………………………………………68
一 軍方的需求…………………………………………………68
二 軍方的實踐…………………………………………………69
參 科技創新―強化變數或弱化變數…………………………71
肆 科技創新對美國戰略思維之影響…………………………71
一 依賴性與脆弱性……………………………………………71
二 戰略思維之調整……………………………………………73
小結…………………………………………………………76


第肆章 案例檢驗－19世紀的英國與20世紀的美國……………78
第壹節 英國霸權(1815-1914)與科技創新之關聯………………78
壹 工業革命的本質……………………………………………79
貳 工業革命之影響與英國霸權之興衰………………………83
第貳節 美國霸權(1945-2000)與科技創新之關聯………………87
壹 科技創新與美國霸權領導體系之建立……………………88
貳 科技創新與美國霸權之維繫………………………………90
一 戰略防禦計畫與蘇聯的崩潰………………………………91
二 美國在資訊科技層面的領先優勢…………………………95
第參節 霸權穩定理論之檢驗………………………………………98
壹 霸權穩定理論與19世紀英國科技創新……………………98
貳 霸權穩定理論與20世紀美國科技創新……………………100
小結…………………………………………………………104

第伍章 案例比較與分析……………………………………………106
第壹節 支撐19世紀英國霸權的資源類型…………………………106
壹 有形資源―軍事、經濟、科技……………………………106
貳 無形資源―國家凝聚力、普世文化、國際制度…………108
第貳節 支撐20世紀美國霸權的資源類型…………………………110
壹 有形資源―軍事、經濟、科技……………………………110
貳 無形資源―國家凝聚力、普世文化、國際制度…………113
第參節 19世紀英國霸權與20世紀美國霸權之比較………………115
壹 19世紀英國霸權與20世紀美國霸權相同的權力資源……116
一 地理位置……………………………………………………116
二 科技創新能力、經濟力量與軍事力量……………………117
三 自由開放的貿易制度………………………………………118
四 維持全球範疇的政治與戰略組織…………………………118
貳 19世紀英國霸權與20世紀美國霸權相異的權力資源……119
壹 政治凝聚力…………………………………………………120
貳 普世文化……………………………………………………120
第肆節 霸權存續的迷思……………………………………………122
小結…………………………………………………………126

第陸章 總結與展望…………………………………………………127
第壹節 科技創新與國際體系的變遷………………………………127
第貳節 未來國際體系發展之預測…………………………………130
第參節 結語…………………………………………………………132

參考文獻…………………………………………………………………137



《圖表目錄》

圖1-1-1……………………………………………………………………2

圖1-1-2……………………………………………………………………5

圖1-3-1……………………………………………………………………15

圖1-3-2……………………………………………………………………17

圖1-4-1……………………………………………………………………21

圖3-1-1……………………………………………………………………51

圖4-1-1……………………………………………………………………82

表4-1-1……………………………………………………………………85

表4-2-1……………………………………………………………………89

表5-3-1……………………………………………………………………115		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0091253004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科技創新zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 霸權穩定理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 英國霸權興衰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國霸權興衰zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 柔性國力zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 「科技創新」概念在霸權領導體系中之角色分析—霸權穩定理論之探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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