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題名 霸權的剛性與柔性權力：從英美歷史看中國崛起
作者 陳文葳
貢獻者 張京育
陳文葳
關鍵詞 霸權
崛起
權力
柔性權力
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 17:49:58 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文以國際關係中的權力理論探討歷史上霸權的崛起，並關注當代中國的崛起與未來。透過檢視摩根索(Hans Morgenthau)的權力理論與奈伊(Joseph Nye)的柔性權力(soft power)理論，本文試圖填補國際關係理論中「傳統剛性權力與柔性權力相互關係」的不足，發現兩者相互建構的密切關係與互異的權力性質。奈伊的柔性權力理論相對於傳統剛性權力雖然是九０年代的新概念，然而在摩根索的權力理論當中也可窺見其影，這說明柔性權力並非當代美國的專利，其存在可透過歷史驗證。
霸權是國家權力尋求極大化的結果。本文的兩組案例：十九世紀的大英帝國與二十世紀的美國的崛起歷史即是剛性與柔性兩種權力的交互作用結果。上述兩國的軍事、經濟、科技與其他文化力量在其崛起過程中逐步累積，其規模與速度的優勢是導致兩國脫穎而出的關鍵，其中較容易被忽略的文化力量對英美兩國而言，其重要性遠超越想像，這也就是說，柔性權力對一國的重要性遠大於目前國際關係學者的認識，而這也是本文最主要的發現。
當前的中國因其崛起現象而被視為下一個領導世界的霸權候選人，因此本文著重檢視中國的柔性權力狀態以觀察其崛起動能，發現中國的文化與外交力量正透過中國官方的扶植與支持而快速增加。相較於英美崛起的歷史經驗，中國的柔性權力展現高度的國家戰略性，也因此形成「具中國特色的柔性權力」。中國仰賴其「具中國特色的柔性權力」做為國家戰略以尋求國家地位的提升則是本文的第二項主要發現。
上述「具中國特色的柔性權力」大舉吸引世界目光說明她以柔性權力為崛起戰略的意涵，然而這項歷史發展也與英美霸權的崛起軌跡產生差異，主因仍在其國內政治體制與西方的差異以及全球化浪潮的影響程度差異。面對上述衝擊，一個逐漸崛起的中國可能產生三種不同的未來想定(scenario)：堅持現有路線（維持國內政治穩定，但減損對西方國家的柔性權力）、轉向英美崛起軌跡（國內政治改革可能引發衝擊）、超越歷史終結（尋求比目前西方民主體制更為廣泛接受的政治體制），本文對中國未來的預測偏向第三種想定。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
93253018
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093253018
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張京育zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳文葳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 陳文葳zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 17:49:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 17:49:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 17:49:58 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093253018en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33668-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93253018zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文以國際關係中的權力理論探討歷史上霸權的崛起，並關注當代中國的崛起與未來。透過檢視摩根索(Hans Morgenthau)的權力理論與奈伊(Joseph Nye)的柔性權力(soft power)理論，本文試圖填補國際關係理論中「傳統剛性權力與柔性權力相互關係」的不足，發現兩者相互建構的密切關係與互異的權力性質。奈伊的柔性權力理論相對於傳統剛性權力雖然是九０年代的新概念，然而在摩根索的權力理論當中也可窺見其影，這說明柔性權力並非當代美國的專利，其存在可透過歷史驗證。
霸權是國家權力尋求極大化的結果。本文的兩組案例：十九世紀的大英帝國與二十世紀的美國的崛起歷史即是剛性與柔性兩種權力的交互作用結果。上述兩國的軍事、經濟、科技與其他文化力量在其崛起過程中逐步累積，其規模與速度的優勢是導致兩國脫穎而出的關鍵，其中較容易被忽略的文化力量對英美兩國而言，其重要性遠超越想像，這也就是說，柔性權力對一國的重要性遠大於目前國際關係學者的認識，而這也是本文最主要的發現。
當前的中國因其崛起現象而被視為下一個領導世界的霸權候選人，因此本文著重檢視中國的柔性權力狀態以觀察其崛起動能，發現中國的文化與外交力量正透過中國官方的扶植與支持而快速增加。相較於英美崛起的歷史經驗，中國的柔性權力展現高度的國家戰略性，也因此形成「具中國特色的柔性權力」。中國仰賴其「具中國特色的柔性權力」做為國家戰略以尋求國家地位的提升則是本文的第二項主要發現。
上述「具中國特色的柔性權力」大舉吸引世界目光說明她以柔性權力為崛起戰略的意涵，然而這項歷史發展也與英美霸權的崛起軌跡產生差異，主因仍在其國內政治體制與西方的差異以及全球化浪潮的影響程度差異。面對上述衝擊，一個逐漸崛起的中國可能產生三種不同的未來想定(scenario)：堅持現有路線（維持國內政治穩定，但減損對西方國家的柔性權力）、轉向英美崛起軌跡（國內政治改革可能引發衝擊）、超越歷史終結（尋求比目前西方民主體制更為廣泛接受的政治體制），本文對中國未來的預測偏向第三種想定。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1

第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 問題意識 4
第三節 定義與文獻 5
第四節 途徑與架構 13
第五節 研究限制 18
第六節 小結：以權力審視霸權歷史 18

第二章 理論與命題 19

第一節 再探權力理論：由切割到整全 20
第二節 再探霸權理論：回歸真實分析 23
第三節 研究命題 26
第四節 小結：以全新視角檢視霸權 31

第三章 英美崛起 32

第一節 英國崛起的國內外因素 33
第二節 英國崛起時期權力分析 42
第三節 美國崛起的國內外因素 59
第四節 美國崛起時期權力分析 70
第五節 小結：先天與後天條件交互作用 88


第四章 案例比較 89

第一節 兩種權力 90
第二節 霸權與柔性權力 93
第三節 霸權共通性 97
第四節 小結 102

第五章 中國崛起 103

第一節 歷史背景 104
第二節 國際結構 109
第三節 權力分析 115
第四節 未來中國 126
第五節 小結 132

第六章 結論：從英美歷史看中國崛起 134

第一節 研究結論 135
第二節 延伸研究 139

參考書目 141		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093253018en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 霸權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 崛起zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 柔性權力zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 霸權的剛性與柔性權力：從英美歷史看中國崛起zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文資料zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡燕欣編。畫說世界戰爭史，古代篇（台北縣：波西米亞文化，民國九十四年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 晏智傑、胡懷國。亞當斯密（香港：中華書局出版社，民國八十九年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 索爾孟著；張台麟等譯。美國製造：凝視美國文明（台北市：允晨文化，民國九十五年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張麟徵。近代國際關係史：1814-1914（台北市：揚智文化，民國九十一年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 章家敦著，侯思嘉、嚴紀宇譯。中國即將崩潰（台北：雅言文化，民國九十二年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曹世潮，文化戰略：一項成為世界一流或第一的競爭戰略（上海：上海文化出版社，2001）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 傑瑞米 帕克斯曼著；韓文正譯。所謂英國人（台北市：時代文化，民國九十二年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 鈕先鍾。西方戰略思想史（台北市：麥田出版，民國七十九年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 閻學通、孫學峰等。中國崛起及其戰略（北京：北京大學出版社，2005）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 賽班著，李少軍譯。西方政治思想史（台北市：桂冠出版社，民國八十年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 顏子魁。美國經濟史（台北市：香華園出版社，民國七十九年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. 期刊論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王輝煌。「美國近代民主治理機制之變遷：以進步運動vs.政黨機器派系之消長作為初探」，中國政治學會「憲政、民主與人權」研討會。2006/9/17。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭可。「全球漢語熱﹔中國軟實力的提升」，中國社會導刊。（北京：2005年第14期）。頁56。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林中明。「從繁簡之變、讀寫之別到繁簡之辯、簡訛之辨：一個科技工作者的意見」。台北漢字論壇論文集。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林中明。「經點與創新：知識平台與文化縱深」，扣問經典。頁143-179。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜奇平。「軟實力的文化分析」，互聯網週刊。2004年8月9日。頁64-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 思想政治教學，「全球漢語熱彰顯中國軟實力」，（北京）。頁50-52.。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐斯儉。「全球化：中國大陸學者之觀點」，二十一世紀中國與中國之全球化發展。 （台北：國立政治大學國際關係研究中心，民國九十一年）。頁85-117。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 袁華明。「對文化軟實力的思考」，學習月刊。2005年第11期。頁16-17。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹觀點。「美麗的足球賽」，壹週刊。第265期（台北：台灣壹週刊，2006/06/22）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 童振源，「中共十六大前後經濟局勢評估」，展望2003年兩岸政經發展研討會，2002年12月1日http://www2.nsysu.edu.tw/macs/3_activity/2002b/20021201article2-2.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. 碩博士論文zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳雨蒼。「從合作到背棄：戰後中華民國失去大陸的國際因素」（台大中華民國外交史專題期末報告，民國九十五年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李瀚洋。柔性權力之研究：以美國為例（東吳大學政治系碩士班，民國九十五年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳一誠。中共南方外交戰略的政治經濟分析：1949-2006（台大政治所碩士論文，民國九十六年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭瑞山。德國柔性權力之研究（東海大學政治學系碩士班，民國八十八年）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. 新聞zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 人民日報，「中俄友誼之旅：品味中國文化」，2006.08.14 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-08/15/content_4961327.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 大公網，「余秋雨質疑中國四大發明」，2006.12.27 http://www.takungpao.com/news/06/12/14/ZM-665194.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 大公報，「陳可冀在UCLA演講：中西醫結合是時代發展必然」，2006.12.01 http://www.takungpao.com/news/06/12/01/GY-658801.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 丁生，「中國全球開辦孔子學院，推廣漢語」(聯合早報：2004.11.29)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.zaobao.com/chinese/pages1/chinese_others291104.html。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中央社，「歐洲人支持凱瑞 遠超過布希」，2004.9.15 http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR4/2242446.shtml。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國新聞網，「美國國務院發言人：美日安保衛擴張兩岸政策未改變」，2005.02.20 http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/TCC/haixia/790589.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國網，「李肇星：中國反對霸權主義，提倡國際關係民主化」，2005.03.06 http://big5.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/2005lh/803228.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國人民政治協商會議，「第二屆儒學論壇會議綜述」，2005.12.26 http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/rmzxb/200512260058.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國青年報，「美國國防部長真攜孫子兵法上任？」，2006.12.22 http://big5.china.com.cn/review/txt/2006-12/22/content_7544437.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國經濟網，「明年北京奧運新聞宣傳重點：營造良好輿論氛圍」，2006.12.16 http://big5.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200612/16/t20061216_9777271.shtml。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 北京日報，「劉淇：總書記講話是做好奧運籌辦工作總動員令」，2006.10.03 http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/local.xinhuanet.com/dfld/2006-10/03/content_9805.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 多維新聞網，「美擔心取消對華軍售禁令引起雪崩效應」，2004.06.16zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www7.chinesenewsnet.com/MainNews/Forums/BackStage/2004_6_16_19_35_39_753.html。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 任彥，「新詞Chindia，中印戰略對話彰顯夥伴關係」（人民日報，2006.01.11）http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2006-01/11/content_4036098.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 光明網，「第七屆孫子兵法國際研討會五月在杭召開」，2006.0529 http://www.gmw.cn/content/2006-05/29/content_424278.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李志超，「波蘭歷史文化名城舉辦為期一週的中國茶文化節」（新華網，2006.08.15）http://big5.chinabroadcast.cn/gate/big5/gb.cri.cn/8606/2006/08/15/1865@1174784.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李華球，「鮑爾在北京」（中國時報2004.10.27）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://news.chinatimes.com/Chinatimes/newslist/newslist-content/0,3546,110514+112004102700349,00.html。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 青島新聞網，「英雄、少林足球在美改頭換面」，2004.08.01 http://www.qingdaonews.com/big5/content/2004-08/11/content_3491362.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 星島環球網，「中國和平崛起論調淡出官方主流話語體系」（星島環球網，2006/08/23）http://www.singtaonet.com:82/china/t20060823_306724.html。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郝培芝，「歐盟武器賣不賣中國？」（中國時報，2004.10.04）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張道生，「浙江成立我國首個茶文化學院」（新華網，2006.02.22）http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/edu/2006-02/22/content_4209838.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國際在線，「台海納入美日安保範圍」，2005.02.14 http://big5.chinabroadcast.cn/gate/big5/gb.cri.cn/3821/2005/02/19/106@453848.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 新浪新聞中心，「中國風服裝秀，花瓶城牆穿上身」（TVBS新聞中心，2006.12.06） http://news.sina.com.tw/global/tvbs/tw/2006-12-06/140312231047.shtml。zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. 網路zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中國國家統計局。http://210.72.32.6/cgi-bin/bigate.cgi/b/g/g/http@www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曹世潮，「下一輪全球競爭是文化的競爭」演講，2006.02.28 http://www.zccs.cn/html/200622895619-1.html。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國家十一五時期文化發展規劃綱要http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-09/13/content_5087533.htm。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文資料zh_TW
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