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題名 城市智慧資本指標分析及比較-以臺灣之臺北市、高雄市、臺中市及臺南市為例
作者 許嘉綺
貢獻者 林月雲
許嘉綺
關鍵詞 智慧資本
城市
臺北市
高雄市
臺中市
臺南市
日期 2007
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 18:39:00 (UTC+8)
摘要 目的
本研究主要著眼於知識經濟時代的來臨及全球化的發展，衝擊者城市的發展及治理，而競爭的層級也由企業趨向國家及城市屬於整體環境面的發展。因此，本研究的研究理論基礎主要是以智慧資本為主，來延伸探討城市的智慧資本的衡量指標，並以臺灣城市為例來分析及比較臺灣城市之城市智慧資本的現況。

研究方法
先以文獻探討找出城市智慧資本的指標及城市競爭力指標，依智慧資本之各項資本構面，取出這兩者指標中共同性較高者，並由專家法確認每項資本構面的指標。此外，研究標的城市以直轄市及縣轄市為主，再以人口多寡取出前四大城市，分別為：臺北市、高雄市、臺中市、臺南市。

發現
以城市智慧資本來看，本研究蒐集的指標資料及研究標的城市，來做各項城市智慧資本構面的相關性分析，其中以城市市場資本、城市的財務資本及城市更新資本的相關度最高。

研究限制
本研究在制定城市智慧資本指標時會因為政府統計資料的缺漏而捨去文獻中證明的重要指標，或因為某些指標政府統計沒有調查，或者該指標以城市的角度來看沒有意義，以致於在有些資本構面可能無法涵蓋該構面的意涵。

實證顯示
在這四個城市中，以臺北市的智慧資本最高也是最平均，其次是高雄市、臺中市、臺南市。

研究價值
本研究是較早使用城市智慧資本的角度來分析比較臺灣四個城市的智慧資本，並依城市智慧資本指標來加以描述城市的競爭力。
參考文獻 中文部分
1. 大前研一 (2005)，全球舞台大未來，臺北市：培生集團。
2. 方世榮 (譯) (2005)，智慧資本價值精煉術：如何將公司無形資產轉化為市場價值(Sullivan, Patrick H.著)，臺北市：五南。
3. 朱道凱 (譯) (2002)，全球化迷思(Hirst, Paul著)，臺北市：群學出版。
4. 江啟臣、黃富娟 (2006)，全球化下城市競爭力指標之探討，研考雙月刊，30卷5期，頁27-41。
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8. 林大容 (譯) (1999)，智慧資本：如何衡量資訊時代無形資產的價值(Edvinsson, Leif著)，臺北市：麥田出版：城邦文化發行。
9. 林月雲 (2005)，國家智慧資本，臺北市。
10. 林向愷 (1998)，「評跨世紀國家建設計劃」，台灣經濟預測與政策，第28卷第2期，頁87-104。
11. 岳經輪、陳建強 (2000)，終身教育與學習型城市：面向21世紀的上海教育改革與發展，教育政策論壇，第3卷第2期，頁80-98。
12. 政治大學商學院臺灣智慧資本研究中心 (2006)，智慧資本管理，臺北市：華泰。
13. 高希均、石滋宜 (1996)，競爭力手冊，臺北市：天下文化。
14. 倪鵬飛 (2003)，中國城市競爭力報告[R]，中國：社會科學文獻出版社。
15. 陳冠位 (2002)，城市競爭優勢評量系統之研究，國立成功大學都市計劃學系博士論文。
16. 張亞中 (2008)，小國崛起：歷史轉捩點上的關鍵抉擇，臺北市：聯經。
17. 張學聖、黃惠愉 (2003)，臺灣都市創新性指標系統之建構與檢證，中華民國都市計劃學會、區域科學學會、住宅學會、地區發展學會二OO三聯合年會暨論文研討會。
18. 張學聖、廖紫蘭 (2003)，全球城市、資訊技術與城市競爭力：從指標評量體系詮釋，中華民國都市計劃學會、區域科學學會、住宅學會、地區發展學會二OO三聯合年會暨論文研討會。
19. 許書銘 (2000)，產業國際競爭力之發展及其影響因素分析—國家競爭力觀點，國立臺灣大學商學研究博士論文。
20. 黃進發 (譯) (2001)，智慧資本(Horibe, Frances著)，臺北市：商智文化。
21. 黃文櫻 (2000)，都市競爭力與製造業生產力關係之研究，政治大學地政系碩士論文。
22. 傅振焜 (譯) (2006)，創意新貴II：城市與創意階級(Florida, Richard著)，臺北市：日月文化出版：凌域國際總經銷。
23. 溫肇東 (2006)，21世紀城市的競爭，工商時報經營知識D3版，2006/9/6。
24. 詹文男 (2002)，我國產業智慧資本評價及資訊技術應用與研究發展投資現況研究計畫，資策會資訊市場情報中心。
25. 楊振富、潘勛 (譯) (2005)，世界是平的(Friedman, Thomas L.著)，臺北市：雅言文化。
26. 劉宜君 (2004)，提升城市競爭力治理途徑之研究，政策研究學報，第4期，頁47-80。
27. 羅漢等 (譯)，洪順慶總審定 (2002)，柯特勒深探大亞洲－人潮、金潮與地方再造(Kotler, Philip著)，臺北市：商智文化。
英文部分
1. Ansoff, H.I. (1965). Corporate Strategy. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Business School Press.
2. Balassa B. (1996). Tariff Reductions and Trade in Manufactures among Industrial Countries. American Economics Review, 56(3), 466-473.
3. Baqir, M. N. & Kathawala, Y. (2004). Ba for knowledge cities - a futuristic technology model. 火 of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 83-95.
4. Begg, I. (1999). Cities and Competitiveness. Urban Studies, 36(5-6), 795-809.
5. Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual Capital: An Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63-72.
6. Bontis, N. (2000). Strategic moves: managing intellectual capital. Information Highways, 7(3), 17.
7. Bontis, N. (2002). The rising star of the Chief Knowledge Officer. Ivey Busniess Journal, 66(4), 20-25.
8. Bontis, N. (2004). National Intellectual Capital Index- A United Nations initiative for the Arab region. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 13-39.
9. Bontis N., Dragonetti N.C., Jacobsen K. and Roos G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources. European Management Journal, 17(4), 400.
10. Bosch, V. D., Van, P. F. A., & Porter, M. E. (1992). The Competitive Advantage of European Nations: The Impact of National Culture – A Missing Element in Porter’s Analysis? A Note on Culture and Competitive Advantage: Response to van den Bosch and van Prooijen. European Management Journal, 10(4), 445-448.
11. Bounfour, A. & Edvinsson, L. (2005). Intellectual capital for communities : nations, regions, and cities. Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Boston, Mass. : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
12. Brooking, A., Board, P. & Jones, S. (1998). The Predictive Potential of Intellectual Capital. International Journal of Technology Management, 16(1/2/3), 115-125.
13. Carrillo, F. J. (2004). Capital cities - a taxonomy of capital accounts for knowledge cities. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 28-46.
14. Cartwright, W. R. (1993). Multiple linked "diamonds" and the international competitiveness of export-dependent industries: The New Zealand experience. Management International Review, 33(2), 55-70.
15. Castells, M., Filion, P. (REVIEWER). (1992). Castells, Manuel. The Informational City: A New Framework For Social Change. Environments, 21(3), 76.
16. Chen, S. & Choi, C. J. (2004). Creating a knowledge-based city - the example of Hsinchu Science Park. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 73-82.
17. Cheng, P., Choi, C. J., Chen, S., Eldomiaty, T. I. & Millar, C. J. M. (2004). Knowledge repositories in knowledge cities - institutions, conventions and knowledge subnetworks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 96-106.
18. Chih-Kai, Chen (2008). Construct Model of Knowledge-based Economy Indicators. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 215.
19. Deas, I. & Giordano, B. (2001) Conceptualising and Measuring, Urban Competitivess in Major English Cities: An Exploratory Approach. Environment and Planning, 33, 1411-1429.
20. Dunning, John H. (1993). Internationalizing Porter’s Diamond. Management International Review, 33(2), 7-15.
21. Dvir, R. & Pasher, E. (2004). Innovation engines for knowledge cities - an innovation ecology perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 16-27.
22. Edvinsson, L. (2006). Aspects on the city as a knowledge tool. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(5), 6-13.
23. Edvinsson, L. & Bounfour, A. (2004). Assessing national and regional value creation. Measuring Business Excellence. 8(1), 55.
24. Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual Capital Realizing Your Companys: True Value by Finding its Hidden Brainpower. New York : HarperBusiness.
25. Edward, J. B. (2001). Competitive Advantage for 21st-Centry City. Journal of American Planning Association, 67(2), 133.
26. Ergazakis, K., Metaxiotis, K. & Psarras, J. (2004). Towards knowledge cities - conceptual analysis and success stories. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(5), 5-15.
27. Fehr, M., Sousa, K. A., Pereira, A. F. N. & Pelizer, L. C. (2004). Proposal of Indicators to Assess Urban Sustainability in Brazil. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 6(3), 355.
28. Francis, A. & Tharakan, P. K. (1989), An Inquiry into the Effects of US Multinationals of US Intra Industry Trade. Journal of Global Marketing, 12(1), 80-104.
29. Galbraith, J. K. (1969), The consequences of technology. Journal of Accountancy, June, 1969, 44.
30. Garelli, S. (1996). No denying this competition. Financial Times, June 11,1996, 18.
31. Grant, R. M. (1991). Porter’s Competitive Advantage of Nationals: An Assessment. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 535-548.
32. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994). Competing for Future. Havard University Press.
33. Hodgetts, R. (1993). Porter’s Diamond Framework in a Mexican Context. Management International Review, 33(2), 41-54.
34. Hofer, C.W. & D. Schendel (1978). Strategy Formulation: Analysis Concept, St. Paul. MN:West.
35. Hospers, G. (2003). Creative Cities in Europe: Urban Competitiveness in the Knowledge Economy. Intereconomics, Sep/Oct 2003, 260-269.
36. Jensen-Butler, C., Schacher, A. & Weesep, J. Van (Eds) (1997). European Cities in Competition. Aldershot:Avebury.
37. Johnson, W. (1999). An integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital：Measuring the stock and stock and flow of intellectual capital component in the firm. International Journal of Technology Management. 18(5/6/7/8): 562-575.
38. Johanson, U. & Koga, C. (2006). The Japanese Government`s intellectual capital reporting guideline-What are the challenges for firms and capital market agents. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(4), 474-491.
39. Joia, L.A. (2000). Measuring Intangible Corporate Assets: Linking Business Strategy with Intellectual Capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1(1), 68-84.
40. Kim, S. J., Yoon, Y. C., Kim, B. H., Lee, B. Y. & Kang, H. J. (2006). Knowledge-based Economy and Intellectual Capital: The Impact of National Intellectual and Information Capitals on Economic Growth in Korea. International Journal of Business and Information, 1(1), 28-52.
41. Krugman, P. A. (1991). Myths and Realities of US Competitiveness. Science, Nov. 8, 811-815.
42. Larsen, K. (1999). LearningCities: TheNewRecipeinRegionalDevelopment. OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment, TheOECDObserver, Summer: No.217-218, 73-76.
43. Lerro, A., Carlucci, D. & Schiuma, G. (2005). Intellectual Capital Index Relationships between Intellectual Capital and Value Creation Capability within Italian Regions. Frontiers of e-Business Research.
44. Lever, W. F. (1999). Competitive Cities in Europe. Urban Studies, 36(5/6), 1029-1044.
45. Lever, W. F. & Turok, I. (1999). Competitive Cities: Introduction to the Review. Urban Studies, 36(5/6): 791-793.
46. Lynn, B. E. (1998). The Management of Intellectual Capital: The Issues and the Practice. Hamilton: The Society of Management Accountants of Canada.
47. Malhotra, A., Gold, A. H., Segars, A. H.(2001), Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185-214.
48. Marti, J. M. Viedma (2003). CICBS: Cities’ Intellectual Capital Benchmarking System. 6th World Congress on the Management of Intellectual Capital and Innovation.
49. McElroy, M. W. (2002). Social Innovation Capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(1), 30-39.
50. Nelson, R. (1992). Recent Writings on Competitiveness: Boxing the Compass. California Management Review, 34, 127-137.
51. Oliver, J. L. Hervas (2007). Which IC components explain national IC stocks?. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(3), 444-469.
52. Oliver, J. L. Hervas & Porta, J. I. Dalmau (2005). How to measure IC in clusters: empirical evidence. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(3), 354-380.
53. Ovalle, M. R. Gonzalez, Marquez, J. A. Alvarado & Salomon, S. D. Martinez (2004). A compilation of resources on knowledge cities and knowledge-based development. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(8), 107-127.
54. Pasher, E. (1999). The Intellectual Capital of the State of Israel, Kal Press, Herzlia Pituach.
55. Peter, K. (1995). The Determinants of Urban Competitiveness: North American Cities and the Global Economy and Opportunities. London Sage Publications, Urban Affairs Annual Review, 44, 23.
56. Porter, M. E. (1986). Changing Patterns of International Competition. California Management Review, 28(2), 11-23.
57. Porter, M. E. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York. Free Press.
58. Portnov, B. A & Pearlmutter, D. (1999). Private construction as a general indicator of Urban development: The case of Israel. International Planning Studies, 4(1), 131.
59. Rembe, A. (1999). Invest in Sweden: Report 1999, Kal Press, Herzlia Pituach.
60. Rodriguez, B. M. & Martı, Jose´ M. V. (2006). The region’s intellectual capital benchmarking system: enabling economic growth through evaluation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(5), 41-54.
61. Roos, J., Roos, G., Edvinsson, L. & Dragonetti, N. C. (1998). Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New Business Landscape. New York: New York University Press.
62. Sachs, J. D. (2000). The geography of economic development. Naval War College Review, 53(4), 92-105.
63. Stewart, T.A., (1994). Your Company’s Most Valuable Asset: Intellectual Capital. Fortune. 130(7), 68-74.
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65. Sullivan, P. (2000). Value-driven Intellectual Capital: How to Convert Intangible Corporate Assets into Market Value. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
66. Tiffin, S. & Jimenez, G. (2006). Design and Test of an Index to Measure the Capability of Cities in Latin America to Create Knowledge-Based Enterprises. Journal of Technology Transfer, 31, 61–76.
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69. Wood, J. (2003). Australia-an under performing knowledge nation. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 4(2), 144-164.
指標部分(非臺灣城市指標)
1. Cities, Regions and Competitiveness. Department of Tradeand Industry, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London, UK. 2003.
2. Defining Vancouver`s Competitive Advantage. Vancouver Economic Development Commission, Vancouver Economic Development Commission. Nov, 2001.
3. The Urban Governance Index. Shipra Narang, The Urban Governance Index, UN-HABITAT. Jan-24-2006.
指標部分(臺灣城市指標)
1. 天下雜誌編部，幸福縣市調查(2004)，天下雜誌第307期
2. 天下雜誌編部，幸福縣市調查(2006)，天下雜誌第354期
3. 天下雜誌編部，幸福縣市調查(2007)，天下雜誌第380期
4. 中華民國行政院主計處，政府統計http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13213&CtNode=3504
5. 中華民國統計網，各縣市重要統計指標查詢系統http://61.60.106.82/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
6. 臺灣概覽：政府統計查詢系統http://twinfo.ncl.edu.tw/tiqry/hypage.cgi?HYPAGE=search/browse_jname.hpg&dtd_id=11&g=&s_id=186511200272997
7. 行政院經濟建設委員會，Taiwan Statistical Data Book，http://www.cepd.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0000200&key=&ex=2&ic=0000153
8. 中華民國交通部觀光局，觀光年報http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/indexc.asp
9. 臺北市政府全球資訊網，臺北年鑑http://www.taipei.gov.tw/cgi-bin/SM_theme?page=42f854a0
10. 臺中市政府全球資訊網http://www.tccg.gov.tw/
11. 臺南市政府全球資訊網http://www.tncg.gov.tw/
12. 高雄市姊妹市締盟及交流情形http://w4.kcg.gov.tw/~protocol/sister.htm#亞洲
13. 高雄市政府，研究發展考核委員會，年度施政計畫http://rdec.kcg.gov.tw/plan/plan_2_2.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
管理碩士學程(AMBA)
95362009
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095362009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林月雲zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許嘉綺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 許嘉綺zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 18:39:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 18:39:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 18:39:00 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095362009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33862-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 管理碩士學程(AMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95362009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 目的
本研究主要著眼於知識經濟時代的來臨及全球化的發展，衝擊者城市的發展及治理，而競爭的層級也由企業趨向國家及城市屬於整體環境面的發展。因此，本研究的研究理論基礎主要是以智慧資本為主，來延伸探討城市的智慧資本的衡量指標，並以臺灣城市為例來分析及比較臺灣城市之城市智慧資本的現況。

研究方法
先以文獻探討找出城市智慧資本的指標及城市競爭力指標，依智慧資本之各項資本構面，取出這兩者指標中共同性較高者，並由專家法確認每項資本構面的指標。此外，研究標的城市以直轄市及縣轄市為主，再以人口多寡取出前四大城市，分別為：臺北市、高雄市、臺中市、臺南市。

發現
以城市智慧資本來看，本研究蒐集的指標資料及研究標的城市，來做各項城市智慧資本構面的相關性分析，其中以城市市場資本、城市的財務資本及城市更新資本的相關度最高。

研究限制
本研究在制定城市智慧資本指標時會因為政府統計資料的缺漏而捨去文獻中證明的重要指標，或因為某些指標政府統計沒有調查，或者該指標以城市的角度來看沒有意義，以致於在有些資本構面可能無法涵蓋該構面的意涵。

實證顯示
在這四個城市中，以臺北市的智慧資本最高也是最平均，其次是高雄市、臺中市、臺南市。

研究價值
本研究是較早使用城市智慧資本的角度來分析比較臺灣四個城市的智慧資本，並依城市智慧資本指標來加以描述城市的競爭力。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究背景------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究動機與目的-------------------------------------3
第三節 研究流程------------------------------------------4
第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------5
第一節 智慧資本------------------------------------------5
第二節 競爭力-------------------------------------------17
第三節 城市競爭力與城市智慧資本---------------------------28
第三章 研究設計-------------------------------------------29
第一節 資料蒐集方法--------------------------------------29
第二節 資料分析方法--------------------------------------40
第三節 衡量城市智慧資本的困難------------------------------41
第四章 統計結果與分析---------------------------------------43
第一節 城市間智慧資本分析---------------------------------43
第二節 城市內智慧資本分析---------------------------------52
第三節 城市競爭力分析------------------------------------81
第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------------91
第一節 理論與趨勢回應------------------------------------91
第二節 後續研究建議--------------------------------------92
第六章 參考資料-------------------------------------------94
第七章 附錄----------------------------------------------100
附錄一 城市智慧資本指標研究調查問卷-----------------------100
附錄二 城市智慧資本指標定--------------------------------105		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095362009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 城市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺北市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 高雄市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺中市zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺南市zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 城市智慧資本指標分析及比較-以臺灣之臺北市、高雄市、臺中市及臺南市為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
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