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題名 跨國公司台灣與巴拿馬員工文化差異對管理影響之研究─以巴拿馬台商為例
The Impact of Culture on Management between Taiwanese and Panamanian employees in a Multinational Corporation: The Case of a Taiwanese Company in Panama
作者 古俊華
David Koo Chong NG
貢獻者 吳豐祥
古俊華
David Koo Chong NG
關鍵詞 跨國公司
文化差異
管理
Culture
multinational corporations (MNC)
communication
management
Panama
Taiwan
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 18:53:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 跨國公司台灣與巴拿馬員工文化差異對管理影響之研究─以巴拿馬台商為例
Growth of international business has provoked the drain of companies venturing into
cross borders. It is vitally decisive to consider facts before encountering any major
problems. Corporations constructed by talented people dedicate the time to study
economic factors such as taxation, government policies, and other investment dimensions.
And nowadays, considered more important, the management of cross culture.
This thesis measured the cultural similarities and differences between Panamanian and
Taiwanese in a Taiwanese company established in Panama. The use of academic journals
and surveys was important for collecting primary and secondary data. Local staff and
Taiwanese managers transferred to Panama were interviewed; using a questionnaire
structured using 5 (five) cultural dimensions discovered by Professor Geert Hofstede
during his study in IBM, and studying the two constructs (communication and
management style).
Research Findings depicted that Taiwanese and Panamanians are more culturally similar
than different; however, there are still challenges to face in this scenario. Some of these
challenges for Taiwanese managers are to broaden their communication with staff, so
local staff can fully enjoyed and receive a coaching style. Also, a challenge for local staff
is their low uncertainty avoidance, which denotes a lack of communication in order to
produce efficiently.
Despite the challenges that have to be faced by the two parties, findings concluded that in
this interaction, there is a positive relationship. Also, conclusion provided some
recommendations for Taiwanese managers and other companies planning to establish in
Panama. Those recommendations were as mentioned before, adapt their Taiwanese
working style into the local staff considering some differences between; and use rewards
for motivating staff.
This study could also be used by Taiwanese Corporations planning to invest in Panama,
and for any other country used as a reference to consider in advance. International
community seeking to nurture knowledge regarding to culture and its consequences in
organizations.
參考文獻 74
Adair, John. The John Adair Handbook of Management and Leadership. NewEd.
Horogood
Ashraf, Haroon (1999) “Cross Communication needed." The Lancet Medical Journal Vol.
353, p 910
Bergdahl, Michael (2006) The 10 Rules of Sam Walton: Success Secrets for Remarkable
Results. Wiley
Billikopf, Gregorio (2006) "Empowerment and Delegation." Labor Management in
Agriculture Journal, Chap. 10
Blanchard, Ken (2004) Leadership and the one minute manager. London: HarperCollins
Bock, Wally (2007) “How do I delegate better” Managerwise Article
http://www.managerwise.com/article.phtml?id=525
Boeree, George (2007) “Culture Personalities”
(http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/culturepersonalities.html)
Central Intelligence Agency (2006) “The World Fact book”, Washington, DC
75
Chandy, Thomas (2004) “Case Writing Guide”, School of Management of Binghamton
University
Chen, Guo-Ming and Chung, Jensen (1994) “The Impact of Confucianism on a
Organizational Communication”, Communication Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 2, p93-105
Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., & Sullivan, D. P. (2004) International Business:
Environments and Operations. 10th ed., NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (1994) Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research:
Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, p1-17
Frechtling, Joy; Sharp, Lauren, and Westat (1997) User-Friendly Handbook for Mixed
Method Evaluations: Common Qualitative Methods, Part II Chap. 3
Ghemawat, Pankaj (2006) India and China: The Corporate Perspective
Grimes, Barbara F. (1988) Ethnologue: Languages of the world, Dallas: 11th Ed: Summer
Institute of Linguistics
Grinter, Beki (2005) Introduction to Qualitative Methods, Georgia Institute of Technology,
76
Doc. #62
Henwood, K. and Nicholson P. (1995) “Qualitative Research: The Psychologist”. Bulletin
of the British Psychological Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, p 109-110.
Hill, Charles W.L. (2005) International Business: Competing in the Global
Marketplace.5th Ed., McGraw-Hill
Hofstede, Geert (2003) Culture’s Consequences: Comparing values, behaviors,
institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd Ed.London/New Delhi: Sage
Publications International Educational and Professional Publisher
Leavitt, Harold J. and Homa, Bahrami (1988) Managerial Psychology: Managing
Behavior in Organizations, 5th Ed.: University of Chicago Press.
Lipsey, Robert (2001), “Foreign Direct Investment and the operations of Multinational
firms: Concepts, History, and Data”. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working
Paper No. 8665
List, Dennis (2007) “In-depth Interviewing." Know your Audience. Chap.10
McGuire, Ruth (2005) “Which management style to use”, The Pharmaceutical Journal,
Mead, Richard (1990) Cross-Cultural Management Communication, John Wiley & Sons.
77
Neal, Mark (1998) The Culture Factor: Cross-National Management and the Foreign
Venture, MacMillan Press Ltd.
Neil, Payne (2007) “Overcoming the Language Barrier”
http://www.sideroad.com/Cross_Cultural_Communication/language-barrier.html
Oracle Think quest Education Foundation (2007) Wisdom, Confucius Philosophy
http://library.thinkquest.org/19053/wisdom/main.htm
Rasiel, Ethan M. (1999) The McKinsey way, New York: McGraw Hill
Sandelowski, Margarete (1995) Research in Nursing & Health: Focus on Qualitative
Methods Sample Size in Qualitative Research. Issue 18, p. 179-183
Symon, Gillian and Cassell, Catherine (1998) Qualitative Methods and Analysis in
Organizational Research: A Practical Guide. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications
Thornton, Paul (2006) “Management Styles - Directing, Discussing, & Delegating:
Tips on using each style” Managerwise Articles
http://www.managerwise.com/article.phtml?id=489
UNICEF (2005), Information by Country, Statistics, Life Expectancy, Panama
http://www.unicef.org/spanish/infobycountry/panama_statistics.html
Usunier, Jean-Claude (1998) International & Cross-Cultural Management Research,
Sage Publications Ltd London
Walmsley, Hilary (1998) Transform your Management Style: How to develop and
motivate your staff to achieve peak performance. London: Kogan Page
Writing Center at Colorado State University 1993-2007
http://writing.colostate.edu/disclaimer.cfm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA)
94933032
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094933032
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳豐祥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 古俊華zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) David Koo Chong NGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 古俊華zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) David Koo Chong NGen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 18:53:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 18:53:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 18:53:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094933032en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33951-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94933032zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 跨國公司台灣與巴拿馬員工文化差異對管理影響之研究─以巴拿馬台商為例zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Growth of international business has provoked the drain of companies venturing into
cross borders. It is vitally decisive to consider facts before encountering any major
problems. Corporations constructed by talented people dedicate the time to study
economic factors such as taxation, government policies, and other investment dimensions.
And nowadays, considered more important, the management of cross culture.
This thesis measured the cultural similarities and differences between Panamanian and
Taiwanese in a Taiwanese company established in Panama. The use of academic journals
and surveys was important for collecting primary and secondary data. Local staff and
Taiwanese managers transferred to Panama were interviewed; using a questionnaire
structured using 5 (five) cultural dimensions discovered by Professor Geert Hofstede
during his study in IBM, and studying the two constructs (communication and
management style).
Research Findings depicted that Taiwanese and Panamanians are more culturally similar
than different; however, there are still challenges to face in this scenario. Some of these
challenges for Taiwanese managers are to broaden their communication with staff, so
local staff can fully enjoyed and receive a coaching style. Also, a challenge for local staff
is their low uncertainty avoidance, which denotes a lack of communication in order to
produce efficiently.
Despite the challenges that have to be faced by the two parties, findings concluded that in
this interaction, there is a positive relationship. Also, conclusion provided some
recommendations for Taiwanese managers and other companies planning to establish in
Panama. Those recommendations were as mentioned before, adapt their Taiwanese
working style into the local staff considering some differences between; and use rewards
for motivating staff.
This study could also be used by Taiwanese Corporations planning to invest in Panama,
and for any other country used as a reference to consider in advance. International
community seeking to nurture knowledge regarding to culture and its consequences in
organizations.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents V
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. V
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... VII
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... VIII
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Significance of Cross Culture Management ...................................................................................... 2
1.2 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Significance of Study ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Research Questions .............................................................................................................................. 3
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Culture and Cross Cultural management ................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Culture .................... 6
2.1.2 Cross Culture Management .................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3 Cultural Dimensions ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Impact of Cross Culture Management in Communication and Management Style ........................ 11
2.2.1 Communication .... 12
2.2.2 Management Style 16
2.3 Summary of Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 21
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 23
3.1 Research Method ... 23
3.2 Structure of Research Framework ....................................................................................................... 24
3.3 Sample Design ........ 26
3.4 Data Collection ...... 27
COUNTRY CASE STUDY IN PANAMA ..................................................................... 29
4.1 The Case Study ............................................................................................................................... 30
4.2 Panamá: Country Background ............................................................................................................ 31
4.2.1 Economic Indicators ............................................................................................................................. 33
4.2.2 Panama Culture in Society ................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.3 Background of the Company in Panama .............................................................................................. 35
4.2.4 Taiwan Culture in Society .................................................................................................................... 36
4.3 Interview Results ... 38
4.4 Summary of the Case Study ................................................................................................................. 47
RESEARCH FINDINGS & DISCUSSION .................................................................. 53
5.1 Issues on Culture Dimensions ............................................................................................................... 53
5.2 Issues on Communication ..................................................................................................................... 59
5.3 Issues on Management Style ................................................................................................................. 61
5.4 Impact of Culture on Communication and Management Style ......................................................... 62
CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS ........................................................................... 67
6.1 Conclusions ............ 68
6.2 Recommendations . 69
6.3 Suggestions ............. 72
REFERENCES ............ 74
APPENDIX .................. 79		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094933032en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 跨國公司zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 文化差異zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 管理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Culturezh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) multinational corporations (MNC)zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) communicationzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) managementzh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Panamazh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwanzh_TW
dc.title (題名) 跨國公司台灣與巴拿馬員工文化差異對管理影響之研究─以巴拿馬台商為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impact of Culture on Management between Taiwanese and Panamanian employees in a Multinational Corporation: The Case of a Taiwanese Company in Panamaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 74zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adair, John. The John Adair Handbook of Management and Leadership. NewEd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Horogoodzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashraf, Haroon (1999) “Cross Communication needed." The Lancet Medical Journal Vol.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 353, p 910zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bergdahl, Michael (2006) The 10 Rules of Sam Walton: Success Secrets for Remarkablezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Results. Wileyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Billikopf, Gregorio (2006) "Empowerment and Delegation." Labor Management inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agriculture Journal, Chap. 10zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blanchard, Ken (2004) Leadership and the one minute manager. London: HarperCollinszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bock, Wally (2007) “How do I delegate better” Managerwise Articlezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.managerwise.com/article.phtml?id=525zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boeree, George (2007) “Culture Personalities”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/culturepersonalities.html)zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Central Intelligence Agency (2006) “The World Fact book”, Washington, DCzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 75zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chandy, Thomas (2004) “Case Writing Guide”, School of Management of Binghamtonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Universityzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Guo-Ming and Chung, Jensen (1994) “The Impact of Confucianism on azh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Communication”, Communication Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 2, p93-105zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., & Sullivan, D. P. (2004) International Business:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Environments and Operations. 10th ed., NJ: Pearson Prentice Hallzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (1994) Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, p1-17zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frechtling, Joy; Sharp, Lauren, and Westat (1997) User-Friendly Handbook for Mixedzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Method Evaluations: Common Qualitative Methods, Part II Chap. 3zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ghemawat, Pankaj (2006) India and China: The Corporate Perspectivezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grimes, Barbara F. (1988) Ethnologue: Languages of the world, Dallas: 11th Ed: Summerzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Institute of Linguisticszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grinter, Beki (2005) Introduction to Qualitative Methods, Georgia Institute of Technology,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 76zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doc. #62zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Henwood, K. and Nicholson P. (1995) “Qualitative Research: The Psychologist”. Bulletinzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of the British Psychological Society, Vol. 8, No. 3, p 109-110.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, Charles W.L. (2005) International Business: Competing in the Globalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Marketplace.5th Ed., McGraw-Hillzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hofstede, Geert (2003) Culture’s Consequences: Comparing values, behaviors,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd Ed.London/New Delhi: Sagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Publications International Educational and Professional Publisherzh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Behavior in Organizations, 5th Ed.: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lipsey, Robert (2001), “Foreign Direct Investment and the operations of Multinationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) firms: Concepts, History, and Data”. National Bureau of Economic Research, Workingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paper No. 8665zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) List, Dennis (2007) “In-depth Interviewing." Know your Audience. Chap.10zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) McGuire, Ruth (2005) “Which management style to use”, The Pharmaceutical Journal,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mead, Richard (1990) Cross-Cultural Management Communication, John Wiley & Sons.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neal, Mark (1998) The Culture Factor: Cross-National Management and the Foreignzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Venture, MacMillan Press Ltd.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neil, Payne (2007) “Overcoming the Language Barrier”zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.sideroad.com/Cross_Cultural_Communication/language-barrier.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oracle Think quest Education Foundation (2007) Wisdom, Confucius Philosophyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://library.thinkquest.org/19053/wisdom/main.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rasiel, Ethan M. (1999) The McKinsey way, New York: McGraw Hillzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sandelowski, Margarete (1995) Research in Nursing & Health: Focus on Qualitativezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Methods Sample Size in Qualitative Research. Issue 18, p. 179-183zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Symon, Gillian and Cassell, Catherine (1998) Qualitative Methods and Analysis inzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Research: A Practical Guide. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publicationszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thornton, Paul (2006) “Management Styles - Directing, Discussing, & Delegating:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tips on using each style” Managerwise Articleszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.managerwise.com/article.phtml?id=489zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) UNICEF (2005), Information by Country, Statistics, Life Expectancy, Panamazh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.unicef.org/spanish/infobycountry/panama_statistics.htmlzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Usunier, Jean-Claude (1998) International & Cross-Cultural Management Research,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sage Publications Ltd Londonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Walmsley, Hilary (1998) Transform your Management Style: How to develop andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) motivate your staff to achieve peak performance. London: Kogan Pagezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Writing Center at Colorado State University 1993-2007zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://writing.colostate.edu/disclaimer.cfmzh_TW