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題名 內部人持股,投資人保護與公司價值
Ownership, Protection, and Firm Value
作者 林惠珊
Lin, Huei-Shan
貢獻者 屠美亞
Twu, Mia
林惠珊
Lin, Huei-Shan
關鍵詞 內部人持股
現金流量權
投資人保護
代理問題
公司價值
insider ownership
cash flow rights
investor protection
agency problem
firm value
日期 2007
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 19:19:28 (UTC+8)
摘要 La Porta 等人以提高內部人持股可使內、外部股東利益一致,進而降低代理問題的觀點出發,在2002 年發表的實證研究中指出,提高內部人持股有助於提升公司的價值,特別是在對外部投資人保護較差的國家;他們也發現,對投資人保護程度愈好的國家,該國企業的價值也較高。本研究則從提高內部人持股可能產生的代理問題著手,在利弊同時存在之下,以涵蓋範圍更廣、時間更長的樣本,探討在不同的投資人保護環境下,提高內部人持股對公司價值的影響,以及投資人保護程度對於內部人持股集中與分散的公司價值是否也有不同的影響。

本研究發現,在投資人保護較佳的國家,提高內部人持股會傷害公司價值,但在投資人保護較差的國家,提高內部人持股可增加公司價值。另外,公司價值與內部人持股率之間呈現曲線關係,當內部人持股率相對較低時,提高內部人持股對公司價值是弊多於利;當內部人持股水準相對較高時,提高內部人持股則是利多於弊。而投資人保護程度對於內部人持股較分散的公司而言,顯得較為重要。因此,法律層面對投資人的保護程度和內部人持股集中度對於公司價值的影響有顯著的替代效果。
This paper uses a sample of companies from 34 countries around the world to shed light on the relationships among legal protection of shareholders, ownership structure, and firm value. La Porta et al. (2002) indicate a positive relationship between cash flow, ownership, and firm value, especially in countries with poor investor protection. Besides, they also find evidence of higher valuation of firms in countries with better protection of minority shareholders. However, they don’t consider the effect of higher ownership on the cost of stealing, which may cause the controlling shareholders to expropriate more from minority shareholders. Also, their study covers only large firms with a controlling shareholder by one year data. Their
results can be restricted to large firms and a particular year. Therefore, we use more comprehensive time series and cross section data to probe into the subject.

Using various specifications of the valuation regressions of Fama and French (1998), we find that higher ownership improves valuation in poor protection countries while higher ownership deteriorates valuation in good protection countries. In addition, stronger legal protection improves firm value, especially the firms with low ownership concentration. That is, there is a substitute effect of legal protection and ownership concentration on firm valuation. Finally, we also testify that dividends are valued more in poor protection countries and firms with low ownership concentration.
參考文獻 Atiase, R., K., 1985, “Predisclosure Information, Firm Capitalization, and Security Price Behavior around Earnings Announcements.” Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1).
Burkart, M., D. Gromb and F. Panunzi, 1997, “Large Shareholders, Monitoring, and the Value of the Firm.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 693-728.
Claessens, S., Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, and Larry H. P. Lang, 1999, “Expropriation of minority shareholders: Evidence from East Asia.” The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Claessens, S., Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, and Larry H. P. Lang, 2002, “Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings.” Journal of Finance, 6.
Chirinko, R, H van Ees, H Garretsen, and E Sterken, 2004, “Investor Protections and Concentrated Ownership: Assessing Corporate Control Mechanisms in the Netherlands.” German Economic Review, 5(2), 119-138.
Collins, D.W., Kothari, S.P., Rayburn, J.D., 1987, “Firm size and the information content of prices with respect to earnings.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9, 109-138.
Dittmar, Amy, and Jan Mahrt-Smith, 2007, “Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 83, 599-34.
Dittmar, Amy, Jan Mahrt-Smith and Henri Servaes, 2003, “International Corporate Governance and Corporate Cash Holdings.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), 111-133.
Fama, E., French, K., 1993, “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics 33, 3-56.
Fama, E., French, K., 1998, “Taxes, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value.” Journal of Finance 53, 819-843.
Fama, E., MacBeth, J., 1973. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy 81, 607-636.
Fauver, L., J. Houston and A. Naranjo, 1998, “Capital Market Development, Legal Systems and the Value of Corporate Diversification: A Cross-Country Analysis,” Mimeo, University of Florida.
Frankel, Richard and Xu Li, 2004, “Characteristics of a Firm’s Information Environment and the Information Asymmetry between Insiders and Outsiders.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37, 229-259.
Freeman, Robert N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and Security Returns for Large and Small Firms.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(2), 195-228.
Gorton, G., and Frank A. Schmid, 2000, “Universal Banking and the Performance of German Firms.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 29-80.
Jensen, Michael, and William Meckling, 1976, “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure,” Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-360.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, 1998, “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113-1155.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, 1999, “Corporate Ownership around the World.” Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471-517.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2000, “Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World.” Journal of Finance, 55(1), 1-33.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 1997, “Legal Determinants of External Finance.” Journal of Finance, 52(3), 1131-1150.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2000, “Investor Protection and Corporate Governance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 3-27.
La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2002, “Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation.” Journal of Finance, 57, 1147-1170.
Pinkowitz, L., René Stulz and Rohan Williamson, 2006. “Does the Contribution of Corporate Cash Holdings and Dividends to Firm Value Depend on Governance? A Cross-country Analysis.” Journal of Finance, 2006.
Rozeff, Michael S., 1982, “Growth, Beta, and Agency Costs as Determinants of Dividend Payout Rations.” Journal of Financial Research, 249-259.
Schooley, Diane K., and L. Dwayne Barney Jr., 1994, “Using Dividend Policy and Managerial Ownership to Reduce Agency Costs.” Journal of Financial Research, 17(3), 363-373.
Shleifer, Andrei and Robert W. Vishny, 1997, “A Survey of Corporate Governance” The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737-783.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
94357004
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094357004
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 屠美亞zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Twu, Miaen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林惠珊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Huei-Shanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林惠珊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Huei-Shanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 19:19:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 19:19:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 19:19:28 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094357004en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34064-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財務管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94357004zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) La Porta 等人以提高內部人持股可使內、外部股東利益一致,進而降低代理問題的觀點出發,在2002 年發表的實證研究中指出,提高內部人持股有助於提升公司的價值,特別是在對外部投資人保護較差的國家;他們也發現,對投資人保護程度愈好的國家,該國企業的價值也較高。本研究則從提高內部人持股可能產生的代理問題著手,在利弊同時存在之下,以涵蓋範圍更廣、時間更長的樣本,探討在不同的投資人保護環境下,提高內部人持股對公司價值的影響,以及投資人保護程度對於內部人持股集中與分散的公司價值是否也有不同的影響。

本研究發現,在投資人保護較佳的國家,提高內部人持股會傷害公司價值,但在投資人保護較差的國家,提高內部人持股可增加公司價值。另外,公司價值與內部人持股率之間呈現曲線關係,當內部人持股率相對較低時,提高內部人持股對公司價值是弊多於利;當內部人持股水準相對較高時,提高內部人持股則是利多於弊。而投資人保護程度對於內部人持股較分散的公司而言,顯得較為重要。因此,法律層面對投資人的保護程度和內部人持股集中度對於公司價值的影響有顯著的替代效果。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper uses a sample of companies from 34 countries around the world to shed light on the relationships among legal protection of shareholders, ownership structure, and firm value. La Porta et al. (2002) indicate a positive relationship between cash flow, ownership, and firm value, especially in countries with poor investor protection. Besides, they also find evidence of higher valuation of firms in countries with better protection of minority shareholders. However, they don’t consider the effect of higher ownership on the cost of stealing, which may cause the controlling shareholders to expropriate more from minority shareholders. Also, their study covers only large firms with a controlling shareholder by one year data. Their
results can be restricted to large firms and a particular year. Therefore, we use more comprehensive time series and cross section data to probe into the subject.

Using various specifications of the valuation regressions of Fama and French (1998), we find that higher ownership improves valuation in poor protection countries while higher ownership deteriorates valuation in good protection countries. In addition, stronger legal protection improves firm value, especially the firms with low ownership concentration. That is, there is a substitute effect of legal protection and ownership concentration on firm valuation. Finally, we also testify that dividends are valued more in poor protection countries and firms with low ownership concentration.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose of the Study 1
1.2 Procedure of the Study 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 6
2.1 Literature Review 6
2.2.1 Legal Protection and Ownership Concentration 6
2.1.2 Legal Protection and Corporate Governance 9
2.1.3 Legal Protection, Ownership, and Valuation 10
2.2 Hypothesis Development 14

CHAPTER 3 TEST DESIGN AND DATA 19
3.1 Test Design 19
3.1.1 Regression Model 19
3.1.2 Dependent Variables 21
3.1.3 Explanatory Variables 22
3.1.4 Controlling Variables 24
3.2 Data 25
3.2.1 Research Period and Data Resources 25
3.2.2 Countries Selection 26
3.2.3 Corporations Selection 26
3.3 Methodology 27
3.3.1 Wilcoxon Rank–Sum Test 27
3.3.2 T-test: Testing Differences between Two Means 28
3.3.3 Spearman Rank-Order Correlation 28

CHAPTER 4 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 30
4.1 Descriptive Statistics 30
4.2 Correlation 33
4.2.1 Overall Correlation 33
4.2.2 Correlation of Separate Groups 38
4.3 Regression Analysis 41
4.4 Robustness-Regressions excluding U.S., U.K. and Japan 49

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 55
5.1 Summary and Discussions 55
5.2 Further Research 57

REFERENCES 58
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094357004en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內部人持股zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 現金流量權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投資人保護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 代理問題zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公司價值zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) insider ownershipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) cash flow rightsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) investor protectionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) agency problemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) firm valueen_US
dc.title (題名) 內部人持股,投資人保護與公司價值zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Ownership, Protection, and Firm Valueen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Atiase, R., K., 1985, “Predisclosure Information, Firm Capitalization, and Security Price Behavior around Earnings Announcements.” Journal of Accounting Research, 23(1).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burkart, M., D. Gromb and F. Panunzi, 1997, “Large Shareholders, Monitoring, and the Value of the Firm.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 693-728.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Claessens, S., Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, and Larry H. P. Lang, 1999, “Expropriation of minority shareholders: Evidence from East Asia.” The World Bank, Washington, DC.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Claessens, S., Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, and Larry H. P. Lang, 2002, “Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings.” Journal of Finance, 6.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chirinko, R, H van Ees, H Garretsen, and E Sterken, 2004, “Investor Protections and Concentrated Ownership: Assessing Corporate Control Mechanisms in the Netherlands.” German Economic Review, 5(2), 119-138.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins, D.W., Kothari, S.P., Rayburn, J.D., 1987, “Firm size and the information content of prices with respect to earnings.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9, 109-138.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dittmar, Amy, and Jan Mahrt-Smith, 2007, “Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 83, 599-34.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dittmar, Amy, Jan Mahrt-Smith and Henri Servaes, 2003, “International Corporate Governance and Corporate Cash Holdings.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), 111-133.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E., French, K., 1993, “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics 33, 3-56.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E., French, K., 1998, “Taxes, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value.” Journal of Finance 53, 819-843.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E., MacBeth, J., 1973. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy 81, 607-636.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fauver, L., J. Houston and A. Naranjo, 1998, “Capital Market Development, Legal Systems and the Value of Corporate Diversification: A Cross-Country Analysis,” Mimeo, University of Florida.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frankel, Richard and Xu Li, 2004, “Characteristics of a Firm’s Information Environment and the Information Asymmetry between Insiders and Outsiders.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37, 229-259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freeman, Robert N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and Security Returns for Large and Small Firms.” Journal of Accounting and Economics, 9(2), 195-228.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gorton, G., and Frank A. Schmid, 2000, “Universal Banking and the Performance of German Firms.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 29-80.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, Michael, and William Meckling, 1976, “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure,” Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-360.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, 1998, “Law and Finance.” Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113-1155.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, 1999, “Corporate Ownership around the World.” Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471-517.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2000, “Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World.” Journal of Finance, 55(1), 1-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 1997, “Legal Determinants of External Finance.” Journal of Finance, 52(3), 1131-1150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2000, “Investor Protection and Corporate Governance.” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 3-27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, 2002, “Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation.” Journal of Finance, 57, 1147-1170.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pinkowitz, L., René Stulz and Rohan Williamson, 2006. “Does the Contribution of Corporate Cash Holdings and Dividends to Firm Value Depend on Governance? A Cross-country Analysis.” Journal of Finance, 2006.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rozeff, Michael S., 1982, “Growth, Beta, and Agency Costs as Determinants of Dividend Payout Rations.” Journal of Financial Research, 249-259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schooley, Diane K., and L. Dwayne Barney Jr., 1994, “Using Dividend Policy and Managerial Ownership to Reduce Agency Costs.” Journal of Financial Research, 17(3), 363-373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shleifer, Andrei and Robert W. Vishny, 1997, “A Survey of Corporate Governance” The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737-783.zh_TW