| dc.contributor.advisor | 鄭丁旺 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Cheng, Ting Wong | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 陳重光 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chen,Chung Kuang | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 陳重光 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chen,Chung Kuang | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2006 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 18-Sep-2009 09:07:47 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 18-Sep-2009 09:07:47 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 18-Sep-2009 09:07:47 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0094353055 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34249 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 會計研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94353055 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 95 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 本研究主要探討企業處於不同的生命週期階段時，資本市場對於各期的無形資產投入會有不同的評價。本文用Anthony and Ramesh(1992)的方法，選定股利、銷貨成長、資本支出、公司成立年數、研發支出作為生命週期的判斷因子。以薛健宏(2005)修改吳安妮(2004)、Kaplan and Norton(2004)的架構，將平衡計分卡三個非財務構面對應各項無形資產，以人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本各項投入作為無形資產投入研究項目，並以Ohlson(1995)的會計評價模式，觀察無形資產投入、人力資本、創新資本、流程資本、顧客資本對於公司評價是否具備攸關性。 實證結果發現，企業於生命週期初期對於各項無形資產的投入，對於資本市場而言都是具備價之攸關性的資訊。無形資產投入在成長與成熟期相比較時，並沒有顯著的差異，而企業於成長與成熟期投入無形資產相較於衰退期，資本市場皆有較高的評價。以創新資本而言，企業於成長期投入創新資本，資本市場的評價大於成熟期與衰退期，而成熟期評價也大於衰退期。以人力資本而言，企業於成長與成熟期投入人力資本，資本市場對於此項資訊的評價並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以流程資本而言，企業於成長期與成熟期間投入流程資本，資本市場並沒有顯著差異，而成長期與成熟期相較於衰退期，皆有較高的評價。以顧客資本而言，企業於成長期投入顧客資本與成熟期投入相比較，資本市場的評價並沒有顯著差異。而成長與成熟期投入顧客資本相較於衰退期，資本市場的評價皆較高。整體而言，企業於生命週期初期投入無形資產，資本市場皆給予較高的評價，而於企業生命週期晚期，無形資產投入的增加，資本市場並未給予較高的評價 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | The purpose of this study is to explore whether the market values intangible asset investment of firm differently at different stage of life cycle. The stage of life cycle in which a firm belongs in determined by using Anthony and Ramesh(1992) model and is classified into growth, maturity and declining stage. This study uses Annie Wu(2004), Kaplan and Norton (2004) framework as amended by 薛健宏(2005) to partition the intangible asset into human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital. Ohlson’s(1995) model is used to examine the relationship between the market valuation and each of the investment of total intangible asset, human capital, innovation capital, process capital and customer capital .The empirical results are as follow:1. The information of total intangible asset investment at the growth stage is value relevant for capital market.2. There is no difference between the market valuation of total intangible asset investment of growth stage and maturity stage. However, the market valuation is significant by different between the growth and maturity stage on the one side, and the declining stage on the other side.3. The market valuation for the innovation capital investment at the growth stage is significant by higher than at the maturity and declining stage. The market valuation for the same investment at maturity stage is also higher than of the declining stage.4. The market valuation for the human capital investment at the growth stage is the same as at the maturity stage. However, the market valuation for the human capital investment both at the growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage..5. There is no difference between the market valuation of process capital investment at the growth stage and maturity stage. However, both the valuation at growth stage and maturity stage are higher than at the declining stage.6. The market valuation to the customer capital investment at various stage is the same as for the process capital investment.An overall conclusion can be reached that market valuation for the investment in intangible asset at growth stage of business life cycle is higher than for the same investment at declining stage. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與背景 1第二節 研究目的 2第三節 論文架構 4第二章 文獻探討 6第一節 無形資產的定義、分類與衡量 6一、 無形資產的定義 6二、 無形資產的分類方式 7三、 智慧資本與平衡計分卡之相關文獻 9四、無形資產的衡量 11第二節、無形資產與企業價值攸關性 15一、國外文獻 15二、 國內文獻 17第三節 各項無形資產文獻 19一、創新資本之研究相關文獻 19二、人力資本相關文獻 21三、流程資本相關文獻 22四、顧客資本相關文獻 23第四節 企業生命週期 25一、國外文獻 25二、國內文獻 26第三章 研究設計與方法 29第一節 理論基礎 29第二節 假說建立 32一、無形資產 32二、創新資本 32三、人力資本 33四、流程資本 34五、顧客資本 34第三節 變數定義與衡量方法 36一、 生命週期判斷因子 36二、變數定義與衡量 38第四節、迴歸模式 42一、Ohlson評價模式 42二、本研究之Ohlson評價模型 44第五節 樣本選擇與資料來源 49一、資料來源及樣本選取標準 49第四章 實證結果 51第一節 敘述統計量 51第三節 無形資產價值攸關性反應係數分析 61一、無形資產價值攸關性分析 61二、生命週期單因子分析 61三、綜合生命週期分析 67第四節 各項無形資產投入價值攸關性反應係數分析 70一、創新資本價值攸關性反應係數分析 70二、人力資本價值攸關性反應係數分析 73三、流程資本價值攸關性反應係數分析 76四、顧客資本價值攸關性反應係數分析 79第五章 結論 82第一節 研究結論與貢獻 82第二節 研究限制 86第三節 研究建議 86參考文獻 87 | zh_TW |
| dc.format.extent | 41900 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 192595 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 121329 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 131686 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 277037 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 552033 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 515860 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 385748 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 232984 bytes | - |
| dc.format.extent | 227089 bytes | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094353055 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 無形資產 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 企業生命週期 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Intangible asset | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | Business life cycle growth stage maturity stage declining stage market valuation | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 無形資產價值攸關性與企業生命週期之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 李坤致，2001，智慧資本與價值動因對企業價值影響之研究，國立中正大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 企業管理學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 林明德，2003，無形資產之價值攸關性與決定因素之探討，國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 金成隆、林修葳與紀信義，2004，從企業生命週期探討專利權的價值攸關性: | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 兼論法規大修的影響，管理學報，第21卷，第2期：175-197 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 金成隆、林修葳與邱煒恆，2005，研究發展支出與資本支出的價值攸關性: | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 以企業生命週期論析，中山管理評論，第13卷，第2期:631-659 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳秀娟,2000,企業市場價值與淨值差異影響因素之研究-以我國資訊電子業例， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳安妮，2002，剖析智慧資本，會計研究月刊，204 期，頁57-65。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳安妮、張朝清，2003，企業智慧資本之理論基礎、類型與管理程序， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 今日會計，90 期，頁1-13。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳鑑芝，2003，智慧資本與公司價值之攸關性探討，中原大學會計學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 吳博欽、鄭哲惠，2006，企業生命週期、產業別與股權評價:Real Option與Ohlson | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Model之比較，會計評論，第43期 頁96-121 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 徐君毅，2000,研發與廣告支出與企業價值變動之因果關係研究，私立東海大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 企業管理學系研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 姜義軒，2000，台灣電子產業與非電子產業Tobin’s Q之差異及其成因之研究， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 交通大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 侯運神，1993，企業生命週期與股價關聯性之研究，國立政治大學會計研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 許明雄，2000，企業生命週期特性與股利政策關聯性之探討，國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計學系未出版碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 馬秀如、劉正田、俞洪昭與諶家蘭，2000，無形資產之評價與揭露，證交資料， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 第 459 期：1-15 。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃靖樺，1997，企業生命週期與股價關聯性之研究，國立中央大學財務 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 管理學系未出版碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃正誠，1999，負盈餘研究-以資訊觀點與衡量觀點分析，國立台灣大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計學系碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃雅苓，1999，研究發展支出與經營績效關係及其費用化之探討，國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計研究所碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 黃碧秀，2004，企業類型與生命週期對公司價值與經營績效影響之研究- | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 以電子業為例，私立中原大學會計研究所碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 梁證揚，2001，人力支出與價值攸關性之研究，私立中原大學會計學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 未出版碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 陳威廷，2000，研究發展支出與市場價值關聯性之實證研究，私立中國文化大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計研究所碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 曾栗萱，2003，智慧資本與經營績效關聯性之探討-以我國資訊產業為實證對象， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 張君豪，研究發展成本、現金流量及盈餘對股票報酬之研究，私立中原大學會計 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 學研究所碩士論文，1999 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊建國，2000，無形資產之評價，私立輔仁大學金融研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊幼梅，2002，研究發展支出與未來股票報酬之關連性研究，私立中原大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計學系碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 楊朝旭、黃潔，2004，企業生命週期、資產組合與企業未來績效關連性之研究， | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 商管科技季刊，頁49-71 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 董碧玫，2001,智能資本之衡量-以國內電子產業為例，國立中央大學企業管 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 理學系碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 蔡宗仁，1994，廣告支出會計理論與問題之研究，國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 會計學研究所碩士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉正田，2002，無形資產、成長機會與股票報酬關係之研究，會計評論，35期 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 頁1-29 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 劉正田，1997，研究發展支出之效益及其資本化會計資訊對股票評價攸關性之研 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 究，國立政治大學會計學研究所博士論文 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 謝月香，2000，無形資產，國立成功大學會計學研究所碩士論文。 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 國外文獻 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Aboody D.and B. Lev. 1998. The Value Relevance of Intangibles: The Case of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Software Capitalizaiton. Journal of Accounting Research.Vol.36. p161-191 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Anthony, J. H. & K. Ramesh 1992. Association between accounting performance | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | measures and stock prices,Journal of accounting and Economics 15,203-227 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Arora, R. 2002. Implementing KM - a balanced score card approach, Journal of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Knowledge Management, Vol. 6, Number 3, pp.240-249. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ball, R. and P. Brown. 1968.An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Numbers.Journal of Accounting Research. Autumn.: 159-178.. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ben Zion, U. 1978. The investment aspect of nonproduction expenditures: an | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | empirical test. Journal of Economics and Business30:224-29. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Black, E.L.1998a. Life-cycle impacts on the increment value-rebelance of earnings | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | and cash flow measure, Working paper, University of Asrkansas | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ,Fayeeteville,Arkansas. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Brooking, A. 1996. Intellectual Capital：Core Asset for The Third Millennium | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Enterprise. London：International Thomson Business Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bowen, R. M. and D. Shores. 2000. Economic context and the value relevance of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | accounting data. Working paper, University of Washington Business School, | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Settle, Washington. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bublitz, B. and M. Ettredge., 1989, Theinformation in discretionary outlays: Advertising ,research and development. The Accounting Review 64: 108-124.. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Bukh, PN, MR Johansen and J Mouritsen, 2002, Multiple Integrated Performance | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Management Systems: IC and BSC in a Software Company,” Singapore | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Management Review, Vol.24, No.3, pp.21-33. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Chauvin, K.W., and H. Mark., 1993,Advertising, R&D Expenditures and the Market | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Value of the firm” , Financial Management, , pp.128-140. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Collins, D., C.Maydew, and I. Weiss. 1997. Changes in the value-relevance of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | earnings and book values over the forty years. Journal of Accounting and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Economics 24：39-67 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Comanor, W.S. and T. A.Wilson. Advertising, market structure and performance. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Review of Economics and Statistics 49: 423-440. 1967. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Edvinsso, L., and M. Malone. 1997. Intellectual Capital：Realizing Your Company’s | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower, New York：HarperCollins | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Publishers Inc | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Elias, N. The effects of human assets statement s on the investment decision: An | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | experiment. Empirical Research in Accounting: Selected Studies:215-233 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Francis, J., and K. Schipper. 1999. Have financial statements lost their relevance? | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Journal of Accounting Research 37 (Supplement)：319-352 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Fey, C.F., Bjorkman, I., & Pavlovskaya, A. (2000). The Effect of Human Resource | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Management Practices on Firm Performance in Russia, International Journal of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Human Resources Management, 11: 1-18. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Gu, F., and B. Lev. 2001 .Intangible assets measurement, drivers, usefulness. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Working paper,Boston University. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Haire, M. 1959. Biological models and empirical history of the growth of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | organizations . Modern Organizational Theory. New York: John Wiley and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Sons. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hendricks, J. 1976. The impact of human resource accounting information on stock | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | investment decisions: An empirical study. The Accounting Review (April): | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 292-350. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Hirschey, M., and J. Weygandt. 1985. Amortization policy for advertising and research and development expenditures. Journal of Accounting Research 23: 326-335. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Johnson, W. H. A. 1999. An integrative of intellectual capital：measuring the stock and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | flow of intellectual capital components in the firm. Internatioal Journal of | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Management 18(Feb.)：562-575 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaplan, R. S., and D. P. Norton. 1996. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action. Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Kaplan, R. S., and D. P. Norton. 2004 Strategy maps：Converting intangible assets | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Into Action, Boston, Mass.：Harvard Business School Press. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lev, B. and T. Sougiannis. 1996. The capitalization, amortization, and | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | valuerelevanceof R&D. Journal of Accounting and Economics 21: | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | 107-138. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lindenber, E., and S. Ross. 1981. Tobin’s q ratio and industrial organization. Journal | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | of Business Research15(4)：57-54 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Lynn, B. E. 1999. Culture and intellect capital management：A key factor in successful | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | ICM. International Journal of Technology Management 18(5/6/7/8)：590-603 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ohlson, J.A. Earnings, book values, and dividend s in security valuations. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Contemporary Accounting Research 11: 661-687. 1995. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | O’Donnel, D., G. Berkery. 2003. “Human interaction: the critical source of intangible | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | value,” Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.4 No.1:82-99, available at | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | http://www.emeraldinsight.com/1469-1930.htm | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Peterson, P. P. 1983. Financial decisions and the life-cycle of corporations. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Florida State University: The Financial Management Association Meeting. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Robinson, K. C. (1998). An examination of the influence of industry structure on | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | eight alternative measures of new venture performance for high potential | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | independent new ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 165-187. | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Roos, J. 1998. Exploring the concept of intellectual capital (IC). Long Range | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Planning 31(1)：150-153 | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Stewart, T. A. Intellectual Capital：The New Wealth of Organizations, London： | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Nicholas Brealey | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Ulrish, D. 1998. Intellectual Capital = competence × commitment. Sloan Management | zh_TW |
| dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) | Review 39(Winter)：15-26 | zh_TW |
