1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Commerce
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 組織知識系統的存在與演化
Being and Becoming of Knowldege System of Organization
作者 林文鼎
Lin, Wen Ting
貢獻者 劉江彬
Liu, Paul C. B.
林文鼎
Lin, Wen Ting
關鍵詞 知識系統
耗散結構
蓄積結構
新陳代謝
同化作用
異化作用
Konwledge System
Dissipative Structure
Preservative structure
Metabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
日期 2007
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 09:15:18 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文是以有生命的開放系統的觀點來描述與解釋組織內的資訊、知識、及智慧財產的整體作為一個知識體的存在與演化方式，以有別於目前許多學者以智慧資本偏向靜態觀點對於組織的知識的存在方式的描述。以系統科學與生理學及非線性的觀點來看待組織之內的知識價值累積過程，以有別於 Nonaka與 Takeuchi等以偏向機械論的觀點來看待組織內的知識形成過程。

本論文提出一個組織的知識系統理論，描述每一個存活著的經濟「組織」都有一個它賴以維生的「知識系統」，稱為「組織知識系統」。組織在處理資訊的同時，組織身實體部份發生的改變，其實是它的知識系統的知識價值新陳代謝發生在先所造成。理論的發展從Galarbith(1971)的組織處理資訊的方程式出發，以量子物理學家Schrödinger（1944）提出生物以負熵維生的理論及Wiener（1948）提出資訊是負熵的理論為依據，將Prigogine的耗散結構方程式轉換，得到「組織知識系統」是知識價值的「蓄積結構」的方程式。透過生理系統與知識系統的類比說明組織知識系統的知識價值的改變是其內部的同化作用與異化作用的總合。經由非線性模擬方程式的設計與模擬參數的組合選擇，模擬知識系統的知識價值在不同生命週期的變化，來說明知識系統的存在與演化方式。本論文研究的貢獻包括：

一、 在理論發展上，成功的將Galarbith的組織處理資訊的理論、Prigogine的耗散結構理論、Schrödinger的生物以負熵為食的理論及Wiener資訊等於負熵的理論，此四個理論整合為本論文的知識系統理論。
二、 在認識論的層次上，以活的開放系統的觀點描述組織裡的整個知識體的存在與演化方式。本體論的層次上，透過系統模擬及生理系統類比使知識系統的本體存在方式在認識論給出之後能被確立本體的存在。在方法論的層次上，由知識價值蓄積結構方程與非線性方程式的建立與聯結，使知識系統的知識價值在生命週期之中的變化的描述可被數量化。
三、 以知識系統內的新陳代謝類比清楚的說明整個知識系統的知識價值蓄積在不同生命週期階段的改變，是同化作用與異化作用的共同結果。
四、 知識系統的新陳代謝現象可由一個簡潔的非線性疊代方程式清楚說明，使以模擬來驗證直覺成為可能。

關鍵字：知識系統、耗散結構、蓄積結構、新陳代謝、同化作用、異化作用。
This dissertation applies and extends a living open system view of organization in description and interpretation of being and becoming of knowledge body of organization，which is a metaphysical part of organization and constituted by information、knowledge and intellectual properties as elements of a living open system。This study provides a dynamic view of existence of knowledge in organization which is to critic and differentiate with contemplated intellectual capital theory with tendency toward a static aspect。System science approach、physiological analogy and non-linear model were applied in this study for describing the process of preservation of knowledge value in organization which is different with previous studies of Nonaka and Takeuchi with tendency toward the mechanic aspect of knowledge formation process in organization。

A theory of knowledge system of organization was developed which claimed every living economic organization who want to survive must rely on its knowledge system survive first。 Organization processes information，its physical part also is changing at the same time which is driving by knowledge value metabolism happened first in its knowledge system。To build the theory，a information processing theory (Galarbith, 1971)、a theoretical view of organism rely on feeding on negative entropy to survive (Schrödinger, 1944) and a theory of information is equal to negative entropy (Wiener, 1948) were integrated for converting the equation of dissipative structure theory of Prigogine to a equation of preservative structure theory of knowledge value of organization。On the analogy of knowledge system as a physiological system to interpret knowledge value change of knowledge system is the net of its system internal new knowledge value formation (termed anabolism) and existing knowledge value decay (termed catabolism)。Then this study uses non-linear equations to build mathematical models and selects different sets of simulation parameters to simulate knowledge value change in different life cycle stages of knowledge system to demonstrate being and becoming of knowledge system。The contributions of this study are：

1.On theory building，theories of Galarbith, Schrödinger, Wiener and Prigogine were successfully integrated into a theory of knowledge system of organization。
2. On the epistemological level，a living open system view was adopted to clearly describe the being and becoming of knowledge system of organization。On the ontological level，the physiological system analogy and non-linear system simulation make it is able to ensure the existence of knowledge system of organization。On the methodology level，the equation of preservation of knowledge value of knowledge system of organization was constructed and extended to linkage with non linear equations, make it feasible to qualitatively describe the knowledge value change in the whole life cycle of knowledge system of organization。
3. With an analogy of metabolism of physiological system and knowledge system of organization，it can be clearly explained that the knowledge value change of knowledge system is its sum of the system internal effect of anabolism and catabolism。
4. Metabolism of knowledge system can be clearly described via a concise non-linear equation，which makes it feasible to prove intuition by mathematical simulation。

Key Words：Knowledge System、Dissipative Structure、Preservative Structure、Metabolism、Anabolism、Catabolism。
參考文獻 中文文獻
王俊如、林文鼎、于卓民（2002），「多點競爭的僵固性分析」，中山管理評論，第九卷，第四期，595-620。
吳思華,詹文男,吳安妮,林宛瑩,彭火樹,王文英,張朝清（2002）「我國資訊產業智慧資本評價之研究」，經濟部技術處學界科專非技術領域學術研討會論文集。
吳家鱗（1993），法律邏輯學，台北：五南出版社。
吳國盛（1995），科學的歷程，湖南：科學技術出版社。
李仁芳、花櫻芬（1997），「技術知識類型與知識交流網路模型」，科技管理學刊，第二卷第一期，75-121。
李真（2001）譯，形而上學（亞里是多德原著），台北：正中書局。
汪維揚（2001），以系統動力學探討自組織團隊的認知機制，國立中山大學資訊管理系博士論文。
林文鼎、劉江彬（2002），「從中國大陸半導體產業發展規劃 – 論台灣對中國大陸的投資政策」，收錄於：中國大陸科技政策個案研究(二)，政大科技管理研究所。
林克椿（1999），生物物理學，湖北：華中師範大學出版社。
界屋太一（1987），智價革命，台北：遠流出版社。
胡金麟（2000），細胞流變學，北京：科學出版社。
涂瑞德（1998），技術特質、產品團隊特性與組織動態能耐關連之研究，國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
陳川正（2000），非營利組織的認同管理:以基督教的系胞小組模式等教會為例，國立政治大學企管系博士論文。
陳朝福（2002），組織轉型研究- 新科學典範的創造性演化觀點，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。
湛塵華、沈小峰（1998），普利高津的耗散結構理論，陜西：科學技術出版社。
黃俊英、劉江彬(1998)，智慧財產之法律與管理（二版），台北：華泰書局。
趙橋梁（1999），知識經濟與國際關係，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。
劉江彬、徐小波（1999），以知識為本的人力資本與產業、法治的價值鏈，理律法律事務所。
蔡紹洪、彭仕政、越行知、伍進（1998），耗散結構與非平衡相變原理及應用，貴州：科技出版社。
蕭瑞麟（2005），「質性研究方法」，質性研究發表會 國立政治大學商學院, 2005年12月6日於政大商學院舉辦。
魏宏森、曾國屏(1999)，系統論，北京：清華大學出版社。
中文譯著
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von（1952）Problems of Life：An Evaluation of Morder Biology（生命問題），吳曉江譯，北京商務印書館（1999）。
Bill Gates（1999），Business @ The speed of thought （數位神經系統），樂為良譯，商周出版。
Bloor,David（1991）Knowledge and Social Imagery（知識與社會意象），艾彥譯，北京 東方出版社（2001）
Connerton,Paul（1989）How Societies Remenber（社會如何記憶），納日碧力戈譯，上海人民出版社（2000）。
Coveney, Peter & Highfield, Roger（1992）The Arrow of Time（時間之箭）。江濤、向守平合譯，藝文印書館。
Drucker, Peter（1993），Post Capital Society（後資本主義社會），傅振焜譯，時報出版。
Drucker,Peter（1999），California Management Review，Vol .41，No.2 （知識工作者必備手冊），張玉文、林佳蓉、林季蓉譯，遠見出版。
Einstein, A. L. Infeld（1938）The Evolution of Physics（物理學的進化）。周肇威譯，湖南教育出版社，1999年8月第1版。
Lazlo.E（1986）Evolution the Grand Synthesis（進化-廣義綜合理論），閔家胤譯，北京 社會科學文獻出版社。
Leonard-Barton（2001），Wellspring of Knowledge（知識創新之泉），王美音譯，遠流出版。
Magretta,Joan（2002）What Management Is（管理是什麼），李田樹譯，天下文化出版社（2003）。
Manizer,Klaus（1994）Thinking in Complexity（複雜性中的思維），曾國屏譯，北京 中央編譯出版社（1999）。
Mclellan,David（1986）Ideology（意識形態），施忠連譯，桂冠圖書公司（1997）
Neuman, Lawrence W.（1997）Social Research Methods:Qualitative and Quantitative Approach（社會研究方法- 質化與量化取向），朱柔若譯，台北 揚智文化。
North,Douglass C.（1981）Structure and Change in Economic History（經濟史的結構與變遷）劉瑞華譯，時報文化出版社。
Paiget,Jean（1971）Biology an Knowledge：An Essay on the Relations between Organic Regulations. and Cognitive Processes.（生物學與認識），尚新建、杜麗燕、李浙生譯，北京三聯書店（1989）。
Paiget,Jean（1972）The Principles of Genetics Epistemology（發生認識論原理），王憲鈿譯，北京商務印書館（1997）。
Polanyi,Michael（1958）Personal Knowledge（個人知識），許譯民譯，貴州人民出版社（2000）。
Popper,Karl R.（1972）Objective Knowledge:An Evolutionary Approach（客觀知識：一個進化論的研究），程實定譯，結構群。
Schrödinger（1944）What is life? & Mind and Matter（生命是什麼），仇萬煜、左蘭芬譯，貓頭鷹書房（2000）
Shulman ,Seth （1999），Owning the Future（知識的戰爭），無書榆譯，聯經出版。
Vromen, Jack J（1995）Economic Evolution:An enquiry into the fundations of new institutional economics（經濟演化）李振明,劉社建,齊柳明譯，北京 經濟科學出版社。
Waldrop, M. Mitchell（1992）Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos.（複雜：走在秩序與混沌的邊緣），齊若蘭譯，天下文化（1994）。
Whitehead, Alfred North（1932）Science and Modern World（科學與現代世界），傅佩榮譯,台北 立緒（2000）。
Yin, Robert K.（1994）Case Study Research（個案研究）尚榮安譯，弘智文化（2001）
Znaniecki,F（1940）The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge（知識人的社會角色），鄭斌祥譯，南京 譯林出版社（2000）。
許光泰（1995）馬克思的「競爭」觀念，中國大陸研究，第38卷，第8期，民國84年8月。
英文文獻
Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993), “Strategic assets and organizational rent,” Strategic Management Journal, 14(1):33-36.
Anderson, P. (1999) “Complexity Theory and Organization Science,” Organization Science, 10(3): 216-232.
Arrow ,K.J. (1962), “Economic Wlefare and the Allocation of Resources for Innovations,” in R. R. Nelson (ed) The Rate and Direction of Incentive Activity:Economic and Social Factors, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Arther, W. B. (1999), The End of Economic Certainty, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Arthur De Vany(1998),How Much Information is there in an Economic Organization and Why Can’t Large Ones be Optimal? The Brazilian Electronic Journal of Economics, Issue 1, No.1.
Barlow, J.P. (1994), The Economy of Ideas, Wired 2(3) pp. 85, March.
Barrie,E. (1998), The Practice of Social Research (8th ed), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Barzel,Y. (1997), Economic Anylsis of Property Rights, (2nd ed), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baum, J.A.C.& Singh, J.V. (1994), “Organization-Environment Coevolution,” In Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization, N.Y.:Oxford University Press, 379-402.
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1952), Problems of Life：An Evaluation of Modern Biology, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1968), General System Theory, London: Allen Lane.
Bogatyrev, N.R. (2004), “A Living Machine,” Journal of Bionics Engineering, Vol.1 No.,79-87.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N.C., Jacobsen K., & Roos, G. (1999), “The knowledge toolbox: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources,” European Management Journal,17, 391-402.
Booth R,(1998), “The measurement of intellectual capital.Management,” Accounting, CIMA, Vol. 76, No 10, London.
Bourdieu,P (1992), Loic Wacquant, Invitation to Reflective Sociology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Brooking,A. (1996), Intellectual Capital, London: International Thomason Business Press.
Burt,R. (1992), Structure Holes, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chandler, A. D., Jr. (1990), Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Coase, R. H. (1937), “The Nature of the Firm,” Economica, 4(4), 386-405.
Collis, DJ. & Montgomery, C.A. (1995), “Competing on resources,” Harvard Business Review, 73(4), 118-128.
Collis, DJ. & Montgomery, C.A. (1998), “Creating Corporate advantage,” Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 70-83.
Daft,R.L.,& Lewin, A.Y. (1993), “Where Are the Theories for the New Organizational Forms? An Editorial Essay,” Organization Science, 4,4, i - vi.
Davenport, T. & Prusak, L. (1998), Except of Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage what They Know, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Dzinkowski, R. (2000), “The measurement and management of intellectual capital an Introduction,” Management Accounting, Feb, 32-36.
Edvissson, L. & Sullivan, P. (1996), “Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital,” European Management Journal, 14(4), 356-364.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989), “Building Theories from Case Study Research,” Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.
Galarbith, J. R. (1977), Organizational Design. 地點: Addison-Wesley Press.
Grandstand, O. (1994), The Economic of Technology. Amsterdam: Elservier Science Publisher.
Jantsch, Erich. (1980), The Self-Organizing Universe, New York: Pergamon
John, F.(2000), “Is there a role for transaction cost economics if we view firms as complex adaptive systems?” Contemporary Economic Policy, 18(4), 369-385.
Johnson, W. H.A (1999), “An integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital: measuring the stock and flow of intellectual capital components in the firm,” International Journal of Technology Management, 18, 562-575.
Joia, L.A.(2000), “Measuring intangible corporate assets: Linking business strategy with intellectual capital,” Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 68-84.
Knight, D. J. (1999), “Performance measures for increasing intellectual capital,” Strategy & Leadership, 27, 22-27.
Kuhn, T. S. (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press.
Kurgman,P. (1994), “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle,” Foreign Affair, Vol. 73,（Nov.-Dec.）.
Leff, H. S., Andrew, R. (1990) Maxwell’s Demon Entropy, Information, NJ Princeton University Press.
Leuw, S.E.van der (2001), Modelling Social Dynamics in terms of information flows. NJ Princeton University Press, .
Lovejoy, O (1970), The Great Chain of Being, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Machlup, F (1962), The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mahoney J.T., Pandian, J.R. (1992), “The resource-based view of the firm within the conversation of strategic management.” Strategic Management Journal, 13(5) 363-380.
Makadok, R. (2001) “Toward a synthesis of the resource-based view and dynamic-capability views of rent creation.” Strategic Management Journal, 22, 387-401.
Mannheim, K. (1936), Ideology and Utopia, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Manville, B. (1999), “Complex Adaptive Knowledge Management: A Case from Mckinsey & Company,” chapter5 in The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Martin, L.W. H. (1998), “The Confusion of the Capitals: Surveying the Cluttered Landscape of Intellectual Capital and Terminology.” Chapter 6th in Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Value from Innovation, Patrick H. Sullivan. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mowery, D. C., Nelson, R. R., Sampat, B. N, Zideonis, A. A. (2001), “The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. Universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole act of 1980,” Research Policy, 30,99-119.
Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S.G. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, MA: Harvard University Press.
Nonaka, I. & Takaouchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford University Press.
Nowotny, H. & Taschwer, K. (1996), The Sociology of the Sciences, An Elgar Reference Collection Cheltenham UK. Bookfield,US.
OECD (1996), The Knowledge Base Economy, Paris.
OECD (1999), Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Paris.
Douglas R White (2001)” Emergence,Transformation and decay in socio-natural systems”, The Abisko Workshop held at the Abisko Research Station,Sweden.
Penrose, E.T. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, NY: Wiley.
Petrash, G. (1996), “Dow’s Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture.” European Management Journal, 14, 365-373
Platt, J. (1992), “Case Study in Amercian Methodological thought,” Current Sociology, 40, 17-18.
Prigogine, I. (1997), The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature. NY: The Free Press.
Putnam, R. (1993), Making Democracy Work, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ramusen, E, (1994), Game and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory, Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher.
Rindfleisch, A. & Heide, J. B. (1997), “Transaction Cost Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Applications,” Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 30-54.
Roos, G. & Roos, J. (1997), “Measuring your company’s intellectual performance,” Long Range Planning, 3, 413-426.
Rosenkopf, L. & Tushman, M.L. (1994), “The Coevolution of Technology and Organization,” In Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations, NY: Oxford University Press, 403-424.
Ryan, Michael P. (1998), Knowledge Diplomacy: Global Competition and the Politics of Intellectual Property, Booking Institution Press.
Sarvery,Miklos (1999), “Knowledge Management and Competition in the Consultating Industry,” California Management Review, 41(2), pp. 95-107.
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1934), The Theory of Economic Development, Transaction Publishers (Fifth Priting1997).
Sena, J. & Shani, A. (1999), “ Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Creation: Towards an alternative Framework,” Knowledge Management Hand Book, Edited by J. Liebowitz, NY: CRC Press.
Stengers, I. & Prigogine, I. (1986), Order out of Chaos, NY: Bantam Books.
Teece,D.J, Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997), “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal, 18(7),509-533.
Whitehead, A. N. (1929), Process and Reality, NY: Free Press.
Wiener, Robert (1948), Cybernetic or control and communication in the animal and machine. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1961, 2nd edition; 1st edition, 1948.
Williamson, Oliver E (1975), Market and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, N.Y.: The Free Press.
Williamson, Oliver E (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism:Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, N.Y.: The Free Press
描述 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
87359507
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0087359507
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 劉江彬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Liu, Paul C. B.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林文鼎zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Wen Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林文鼎zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Wen Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 09:15:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 09:15:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 09:15:18 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0087359507en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34283-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 87359507zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文是以有生命的開放系統的觀點來描述與解釋組織內的資訊、知識、及智慧財產的整體作為一個知識體的存在與演化方式，以有別於目前許多學者以智慧資本偏向靜態觀點對於組織的知識的存在方式的描述。以系統科學與生理學及非線性的觀點來看待組織之內的知識價值累積過程，以有別於 Nonaka與 Takeuchi等以偏向機械論的觀點來看待組織內的知識形成過程。

本論文提出一個組織的知識系統理論，描述每一個存活著的經濟「組織」都有一個它賴以維生的「知識系統」，稱為「組織知識系統」。組織在處理資訊的同時，組織身實體部份發生的改變，其實是它的知識系統的知識價值新陳代謝發生在先所造成。理論的發展從Galarbith(1971)的組織處理資訊的方程式出發，以量子物理學家Schrödinger（1944）提出生物以負熵維生的理論及Wiener（1948）提出資訊是負熵的理論為依據，將Prigogine的耗散結構方程式轉換，得到「組織知識系統」是知識價值的「蓄積結構」的方程式。透過生理系統與知識系統的類比說明組織知識系統的知識價值的改變是其內部的同化作用與異化作用的總合。經由非線性模擬方程式的設計與模擬參數的組合選擇，模擬知識系統的知識價值在不同生命週期的變化，來說明知識系統的存在與演化方式。本論文研究的貢獻包括：

一、 在理論發展上，成功的將Galarbith的組織處理資訊的理論、Prigogine的耗散結構理論、Schrödinger的生物以負熵為食的理論及Wiener資訊等於負熵的理論，此四個理論整合為本論文的知識系統理論。
二、 在認識論的層次上，以活的開放系統的觀點描述組織裡的整個知識體的存在與演化方式。本體論的層次上，透過系統模擬及生理系統類比使知識系統的本體存在方式在認識論給出之後能被確立本體的存在。在方法論的層次上，由知識價值蓄積結構方程與非線性方程式的建立與聯結，使知識系統的知識價值在生命週期之中的變化的描述可被數量化。
三、 以知識系統內的新陳代謝類比清楚的說明整個知識系統的知識價值蓄積在不同生命週期階段的改變，是同化作用與異化作用的共同結果。
四、 知識系統的新陳代謝現象可由一個簡潔的非線性疊代方程式清楚說明，使以模擬來驗證直覺成為可能。

關鍵字：知識系統、耗散結構、蓄積結構、新陳代謝、同化作用、異化作用。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This dissertation applies and extends a living open system view of organization in description and interpretation of being and becoming of knowledge body of organization，which is a metaphysical part of organization and constituted by information、knowledge and intellectual properties as elements of a living open system。This study provides a dynamic view of existence of knowledge in organization which is to critic and differentiate with contemplated intellectual capital theory with tendency toward a static aspect。System science approach、physiological analogy and non-linear model were applied in this study for describing the process of preservation of knowledge value in organization which is different with previous studies of Nonaka and Takeuchi with tendency toward the mechanic aspect of knowledge formation process in organization。

A theory of knowledge system of organization was developed which claimed every living economic organization who want to survive must rely on its knowledge system survive first。 Organization processes information，its physical part also is changing at the same time which is driving by knowledge value metabolism happened first in its knowledge system。To build the theory，a information processing theory (Galarbith, 1971)、a theoretical view of organism rely on feeding on negative entropy to survive (Schrödinger, 1944) and a theory of information is equal to negative entropy (Wiener, 1948) were integrated for converting the equation of dissipative structure theory of Prigogine to a equation of preservative structure theory of knowledge value of organization。On the analogy of knowledge system as a physiological system to interpret knowledge value change of knowledge system is the net of its system internal new knowledge value formation (termed anabolism) and existing knowledge value decay (termed catabolism)。Then this study uses non-linear equations to build mathematical models and selects different sets of simulation parameters to simulate knowledge value change in different life cycle stages of knowledge system to demonstrate being and becoming of knowledge system。The contributions of this study are：

1.On theory building，theories of Galarbith, Schrödinger, Wiener and Prigogine were successfully integrated into a theory of knowledge system of organization。
2. On the epistemological level，a living open system view was adopted to clearly describe the being and becoming of knowledge system of organization。On the ontological level，the physiological system analogy and non-linear system simulation make it is able to ensure the existence of knowledge system of organization。On the methodology level，the equation of preservation of knowledge value of knowledge system of organization was constructed and extended to linkage with non linear equations, make it feasible to qualitatively describe the knowledge value change in the whole life cycle of knowledge system of organization。
3. With an analogy of metabolism of physiological system and knowledge system of organization，it can be clearly explained that the knowledge value change of knowledge system is its sum of the system internal effect of anabolism and catabolism。
4. Metabolism of knowledge system can be clearly described via a concise non-linear equation，which makes it feasible to prove intuition by mathematical simulation。

Key Words：Knowledge System、Dissipative Structure、Preservative Structure、Metabolism、Anabolism、Catabolism。		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的與問題…………………………………………………8
第三節 研究假設與定義…………………………………………………10
第四節 研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………14
第五節 研究流程與步驟…………………………………………………16

第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………17
第一節 資訊與知識的本體………………………………………………17
第二節 組織的知識系統…………………………………………………30
第三節 系統科學相關理論………………………………………………35
第四節 生物學觀點下的經濟組織………………………………………40
第五節 跨學門的理論整合………………………………………………45
第六節 理論發展前述……………………………………………………47

第三章 理論發展…………………………………………………………50
第一節 理論發展的步驟…………………………………………………50
第二節 知識系統的本體…………………………………………………51
第三節 知識系統類比為生理系統………………………………………56
第四節 知識系統是知識價值的蓄積結構 ……………………………64
第五節 知識系統的新陳代謝……………………………………………75
第六節 新陳代謝的類型…………………………………………………79

第四章 研究方法…………………………………………………………91
第一節 模擬設計…………………………………………………………91
第二節 模型設定…………………………………………………………91
第三節 模擬的類型………………………………………………………98

第五章 系統模擬 …………………………………………………103
第一節 模擬知識系統的成長速率及成長極限與知識價值的關係……104
第二節 給定全程的逆向互補與同向互斥的同化作用與異化作用
觀察知識價值形構的改變……………………………………… 117
第三節 擬給定全程不規則的同化作用與異化作用觀察知識價值
形構的改變……………………………………….………….… 127
第四節 模擬給定同化作用與異化作用初始條件觀察知識價值形
構的非線性改變……………………………………………… 140

第六章 研究假說…………………………………………………………151
第一節 知識系統的存在假說 …………………………………………151
第二節 知識系統的成長假說……………………………………………154
第三節 知識系統的演化假說………………………………………… 155
第四節 知識系統的新陳代謝假說………………………………… …161
第七章 綜合討論…………………………………………… ………… 162
第一節 假說討論…………………………………………… ……162
第二節 理論應用的討論……………………………………………176
第三節 基本問題討論………………………………………………181

第八章 結論與建議………………………………………………… …190
第一節 研究結論……………………………………………………190
第二節 研究貢獻……………………………………………………… 193
第三節 研究建議……………………………………………………… 194

參考文獻…………………………………………………………… ………198
附件……………………………………………………………… …………204		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 49225 bytes-
dc.format.extent 77272 bytes-
dc.format.extent 93225 bytes-
dc.format.extent 76765 bytes-
dc.format.extent 39413 bytes-
dc.format.extent 86391 bytes-
dc.format.extent 60021 bytes-
dc.format.extent 117652 bytes-
dc.format.extent 244623 bytes-
dc.format.extent 408788 bytes-
dc.format.extent 464681 bytes-
dc.format.extent 205710 bytes-
dc.format.extent 507883 bytes-
dc.format.extent 205650 bytes-
dc.format.extent 324067 bytes-
dc.format.extent 189348 bytes-
dc.format.extent 158533 bytes-
dc.format.extent 158071 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0087359507en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 耗散結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蓄積結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新陳代謝zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同化作用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 異化作用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Konwledge Systemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dissipative Structureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Preservative structureen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Metabolismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anabolismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Catabolismen_US
dc.title (題名) 組織知識系統的存在與演化zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Being and Becoming of Knowldege System of Organizationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 王俊如、林文鼎、于卓民（2002），「多點競爭的僵固性分析」，中山管理評論，第九卷，第四期，595-620。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳思華,詹文男,吳安妮,林宛瑩,彭火樹,王文英,張朝清（2002）「我國資訊產業智慧資本評價之研究」，經濟部技術處學界科專非技術領域學術研討會論文集。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳家鱗（1993），法律邏輯學，台北：五南出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳國盛（1995），科學的歷程，湖南：科學技術出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李仁芳、花櫻芬（1997），「技術知識類型與知識交流網路模型」，科技管理學刊，第二卷第一期，75-121。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李真（2001）譯，形而上學（亞里是多德原著），台北：正中書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 汪維揚（2001），以系統動力學探討自組織團隊的認知機制，國立中山大學資訊管理系博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林文鼎、劉江彬（2002），「從中國大陸半導體產業發展規劃 – 論台灣對中國大陸的投資政策」，收錄於：中國大陸科技政策個案研究(二)，政大科技管理研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林克椿（1999），生物物理學，湖北：華中師範大學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 界屋太一（1987），智價革命，台北：遠流出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 胡金麟（2000），細胞流變學，北京：科學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 涂瑞德（1998），技術特質、產品團隊特性與組織動態能耐關連之研究，國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳川正（2000），非營利組織的認同管理:以基督教的系胞小組模式等教會為例，國立政治大學企管系博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳朝福（2002），組織轉型研究- 新科學典範的創造性演化觀點，國立台灣大學商學研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 湛塵華、沈小峰（1998），普利高津的耗散結構理論，陜西：科學技術出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃俊英、劉江彬(1998)，智慧財產之法律與管理（二版），台北：華泰書局。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 趙橋梁（1999），知識經濟與國際關係，北京：社會科學文獻出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 劉江彬、徐小波（1999），以知識為本的人力資本與產業、法治的價值鏈，理律法律事務所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡紹洪、彭仕政、越行知、伍進（1998），耗散結構與非平衡相變原理及應用，貴州：科技出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蕭瑞麟（2005），「質性研究方法」，質性研究發表會 國立政治大學商學院, 2005年12月6日於政大商學院舉辦。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 魏宏森、曾國屏(1999)，系統論，北京：清華大學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文譯著zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bertalanffy, Ludwig von（1952）Problems of Life：An Evaluation of Morder Biology（生命問題），吳曉江譯，北京商務印書館（1999）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bill Gates（1999），Business @ The speed of thought （數位神經系統），樂為良譯，商周出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloor,David（1991）Knowledge and Social Imagery（知識與社會意象），艾彥譯，北京 東方出版社（2001）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Connerton,Paul（1989）How Societies Remenber（社會如何記憶），納日碧力戈譯，上海人民出版社（2000）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coveney, Peter & Highfield, Roger（1992）The Arrow of Time（時間之箭）。江濤、向守平合譯，藝文印書館。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Drucker, Peter（1993），Post Capital Society（後資本主義社會），傅振焜譯，時報出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Drucker,Peter（1999），California Management Review，Vol .41，No.2 （知識工作者必備手冊），張玉文、林佳蓉、林季蓉譯，遠見出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Einstein, A. L. Infeld（1938）The Evolution of Physics（物理學的進化）。周肇威譯，湖南教育出版社，1999年8月第1版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lazlo.E（1986）Evolution the Grand Synthesis（進化-廣義綜合理論），閔家胤譯，北京 社會科學文獻出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leonard-Barton（2001），Wellspring of Knowledge（知識創新之泉），王美音譯，遠流出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Magretta,Joan（2002）What Management Is（管理是什麼），李田樹譯，天下文化出版社（2003）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Manizer,Klaus（1994）Thinking in Complexity（複雜性中的思維），曾國屏譯，北京 中央編譯出版社（1999）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mclellan,David（1986）Ideology（意識形態），施忠連譯，桂冠圖書公司（1997）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neuman, Lawrence W.（1997）Social Research Methods:Qualitative and Quantitative Approach（社會研究方法- 質化與量化取向），朱柔若譯，台北 揚智文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) North,Douglass C.（1981）Structure and Change in Economic History（經濟史的結構與變遷）劉瑞華譯，時報文化出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paiget,Jean（1971）Biology an Knowledge：An Essay on the Relations between Organic Regulations. and Cognitive Processes.（生物學與認識），尚新建、杜麗燕、李浙生譯，北京三聯書店（1989）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paiget,Jean（1972）The Principles of Genetics Epistemology（發生認識論原理），王憲鈿譯，北京商務印書館（1997）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Polanyi,Michael（1958）Personal Knowledge（個人知識），許譯民譯，貴州人民出版社（2000）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Popper,Karl R.（1972）Objective Knowledge:An Evolutionary Approach（客觀知識：一個進化論的研究），程實定譯，結構群。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schrödinger（1944）What is life? & Mind and Matter（生命是什麼），仇萬煜、左蘭芬譯，貓頭鷹書房（2000）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shulman ,Seth （1999），Owning the Future（知識的戰爭），無書榆譯，聯經出版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vromen, Jack J（1995）Economic Evolution:An enquiry into the fundations of new institutional economics（經濟演化）李振明,劉社建,齊柳明譯，北京 經濟科學出版社。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waldrop, M. Mitchell（1992）Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos.（複雜：走在秩序與混沌的邊緣），齊若蘭譯，天下文化（1994）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whitehead, Alfred North（1932）Science and Modern World（科學與現代世界），傅佩榮譯,台北 立緒（2000）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Yin, Robert K.（1994）Case Study Research（個案研究）尚榮安譯，弘智文化（2001）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Znaniecki,F（1940）The Social Role of the Man of Knowledge（知識人的社會角色），鄭斌祥譯，南京 譯林出版社（2000）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許光泰（1995）馬克思的「競爭」觀念，中國大陸研究，第38卷，第8期，民國84年8月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993), “Strategic assets and organizational rent,” Strategic Management Journal, 14(1):33-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, P. (1999) “Complexity Theory and Organization Science,” Organization Science, 10(3): 216-232.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arrow ,K.J. (1962), “Economic Wlefare and the Allocation of Resources for Innovations,” in R. R. Nelson (ed) The Rate and Direction of Incentive Activity:Economic and Social Factors, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arther, W. B. (1999), The End of Economic Certainty, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arthur De Vany(1998),How Much Information is there in an Economic Organization and Why Can’t Large Ones be Optimal? The Brazilian Electronic Journal of Economics, Issue 1, No.1.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barlow, J.P. (1994), The Economy of Ideas, Wired 2(3) pp. 85, March.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barrie,E. (1998), The Practice of Social Research (8th ed), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barzel,Y. (1997), Economic Anylsis of Property Rights, (2nd ed), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baum, J.A.C.& Singh, J.V. (1994), “Organization-Environment Coevolution,” In Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization, N.Y.:Oxford University Press, 379-402.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1952), Problems of Life：An Evaluation of Modern Biology, NY: John Wiley and Sons.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1968), General System Theory, London: Allen Lane.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bogatyrev, N.R. (2004), “A Living Machine,” Journal of Bionics Engineering, Vol.1 No.,79-87.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N.C., Jacobsen K., & Roos, G. (1999), “The knowledge toolbox: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources,” European Management Journal,17, 391-402.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Booth R,(1998), “The measurement of intellectual capital.Management,” Accounting, CIMA, Vol. 76, No 10, London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bourdieu,P (1992), Loic Wacquant, Invitation to Reflective Sociology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brooking,A. (1996), Intellectual Capital, London: International Thomason Business Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Burt,R. (1992), Structure Holes, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chandler, A. D., Jr. (1990), Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coase, R. H. (1937), “The Nature of the Firm,” Economica, 4(4), 386-405.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collis, DJ. & Montgomery, C.A. (1995), “Competing on resources,” Harvard Business Review, 73(4), 118-128.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collis, DJ. & Montgomery, C.A. (1998), “Creating Corporate advantage,” Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 70-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Daft,R.L.,& Lewin, A.Y. (1993), “Where Are the Theories for the New Organizational Forms? An Editorial Essay,” Organization Science, 4,4, i - vi.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davenport, T. & Prusak, L. (1998), Except of Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage what They Know, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dzinkowski, R. (2000), “The measurement and management of intellectual capital an Introduction,” Management Accounting, Feb, 32-36.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Edvissson, L. & Sullivan, P. (1996), “Developing a Model for Managing Intellectual Capital,” European Management Journal, 14(4), 356-364.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989), “Building Theories from Case Study Research,” Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Galarbith, J. R. (1977), Organizational Design. 地點: Addison-Wesley Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grandstand, O. (1994), The Economic of Technology. Amsterdam: Elservier Science Publisher.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jantsch, Erich. (1980), The Self-Organizing Universe, New York: Pergamonzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) John, F.(2000), “Is there a role for transaction cost economics if we view firms as complex adaptive systems?” Contemporary Economic Policy, 18(4), 369-385.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Johnson, W. H.A (1999), “An integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital: measuring the stock and flow of intellectual capital components in the firm,” International Journal of Technology Management, 18, 562-575.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Joia, L.A.(2000), “Measuring intangible corporate assets: Linking business strategy with intellectual capital,” Journal of Intellectual Capital, 1, 68-84.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Knight, D. J. (1999), “Performance measures for increasing intellectual capital,” Strategy & Leadership, 27, 22-27.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kuhn, T. S. (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kurgman,P. (1994), “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle,” Foreign Affair, Vol. 73,（Nov.-Dec.）.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leff, H. S., Andrew, R. (1990) Maxwell’s Demon Entropy, Information, NJ Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leuw, S.E.van der (2001), Modelling Social Dynamics in terms of information flows. NJ Princeton University Press, .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lovejoy, O (1970), The Great Chain of Being, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Machlup, F (1962), The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. NJ: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mahoney J.T., Pandian, J.R. (1992), “The resource-based view of the firm within the conversation of strategic management.” Strategic Management Journal, 13(5) 363-380.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Makadok, R. (2001) “Toward a synthesis of the resource-based view and dynamic-capability views of rent creation.” Strategic Management Journal, 22, 387-401.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mannheim, K. (1936), Ideology and Utopia, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Manville, B. (1999), “Complex Adaptive Knowledge Management: A Case from Mckinsey & Company,” chapter5 in The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Martin, L.W. H. (1998), “The Confusion of the Capitals: Surveying the Cluttered Landscape of Intellectual Capital and Terminology.” Chapter 6th in Profiting from Intellectual Capital: Extracting Value from Innovation, Patrick H. Sullivan. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mowery, D. C., Nelson, R. R., Sampat, B. N, Zideonis, A. A. (2001), “The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. Universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole act of 1980,” Research Policy, 30,99-119.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nelson, R. R. & Winter, S.G. (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, MA: Harvard University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nonaka, I. & Takaouchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge Creating Company. Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nowotny, H. & Taschwer, K. (1996), The Sociology of the Sciences, An Elgar Reference Collection Cheltenham UK. Bookfield,US.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) OECD (1996), The Knowledge Base Economy, Paris.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) OECD (1999), Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, Paris.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Douglas R White (2001)” Emergence,Transformation and decay in socio-natural systems”, The Abisko Workshop held at the Abisko Research Station,Sweden.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Penrose, E.T. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, NY: Wiley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Petrash, G. (1996), “Dow’s Journey to a Knowledge Value Management Culture.” European Management Journal, 14, 365-373zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Platt, J. (1992), “Case Study in Amercian Methodological thought,” Current Sociology, 40, 17-18.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Prigogine, I. (1997), The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature. NY: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Putnam, R. (1993), Making Democracy Work, Princeton: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ramusen, E, (1994), Game and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory, Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rindfleisch, A. & Heide, J. B. (1997), “Transaction Cost Analysis: Past, Present, and Future Applications,” Journal of Marketing, 61(4), 30-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Roos, G. & Roos, J. (1997), “Measuring your company’s intellectual performance,” Long Range Planning, 3, 413-426.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenkopf, L. & Tushman, M.L. (1994), “The Coevolution of Technology and Organization,” In Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations, NY: Oxford University Press, 403-424.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ryan, Michael P. (1998), Knowledge Diplomacy: Global Competition and the Politics of Intellectual Property, Booking Institution Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sarvery,Miklos (1999), “Knowledge Management and Competition in the Consultating Industry,” California Management Review, 41(2), pp. 95-107.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1934), The Theory of Economic Development, Transaction Publishers (Fifth Priting1997).zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sena, J. & Shani, A. (1999), “ Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Creation: Towards an alternative Framework,” Knowledge Management Hand Book, Edited by J. Liebowitz, NY: CRC Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stengers, I. & Prigogine, I. (1986), Order out of Chaos, NY: Bantam Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teece,D.J, Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997), “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal, 18(7),509-533.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Whitehead, A. N. (1929), Process and Reality, NY: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wiener, Robert (1948), Cybernetic or control and communication in the animal and machine. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1961, 2nd edition; 1st edition, 1948.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williamson, Oliver E (1975), Market and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications, N.Y.: The Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williamson, Oliver E (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism:Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting, N.Y.: The Free Presszh_TW