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題名 智慧資本與動態能耐對研發團隊創新績效的影響
The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Dynamic Capabilities on R&D Teams’ Innovative Performance
作者 林良陽
Lin,Liang-Yang
貢獻者 吳思華
Wu,Se-Hwa
林良陽
Lin,Liang-Yang
關鍵詞 動態能耐
智慧資本
創新績效
團隊
結合能耐
吸收能耐
彈性
Dynamic Capabilities
Intellectual Capital
Innovative Performance
Team
Combinative Capabilities
Absorptive Capacity
Flexibility
日期 2006
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 09:35:39 (UTC+8)
摘要 研究智慧資本領域的學者認為，智慧資本是組織競爭優勢的主要來源，而且也會影響組織績效（智慧資本愈高，其組織績效愈好）。但是，智慧資本與創新績效之間是否存在有正向關係，卻值得進一步探討。本研究認為，在動態環境下，智慧資本觀點並無法適當地解釋，為何組織有能力回應快速變動的外在環境，以產生較好的創新績效。智慧資本領域的學者與專家鮮少對「『靜態的』智慧資本」與「『動態的』運用智慧資本能力」進行區辨；而本研究認為這是兩種不相同的概念。本研究目的即希望瞭解研發團隊「運用」智慧資本對其創新績效的影響。

另一方面，為了解釋為何某些企業在快速變動與無法預期的市場中依然可以保有其競爭優勢，某些學者擴張資源基礎觀點到動態市場中，並提出「動態能耐」觀點（Teece, Pisano, and Shuen, 1997）。本研究主張，研發團隊的動態能耐除了直接影響創新績效之外，也是其「運用」智慧資本的關鍵因素。動態能耐對組織績效與創新績效的關連，雖有學者著墨；但，其實證研究並不多見，有待相關學者提出更多的貢獻。再則，動態能耐是一複雜的概念，若要對其進行衡量，應該要進一步釐清該構念，甚至建構適合的衡量指標，提出較為完整的、且符合信度與效度的衡量量表，方能正確地衡量動態能耐。

本研究同時採用質化與量化的研究方法。質性研究是從動態能耐相關文獻出發，在釐清各個學者對動態能耐的定義後，萃取出動態能耐之不同構面與架構，再經由各項假說之推演，提出本論文之初步研究架構。之後，選取N大學無線奈米生醫研究團隊為個案，深入瞭解該團隊兩項突破式創新計畫，分別是「抗SARS一號」與「無線奈米生醫感測晶片」研發計畫，用以觀察該團隊如何回應變動的外在環境，來說明智慧資本與研發團隊的動態能耐對其創新績效的影響。透過不同階段的觀察，進行分析與歸納，並找出其共同的特性，以瞭解本研究架構的初步解釋力，並進一步依個案研究的新發現修正各項假說，最後提出本研究之實證研究架構。

在量化研究方面，首先，為了能精確地衡量動態能耐概念，本研究依照Hinkin（1998）量表發展步驟，以五階段三個樣本群來發展動態能耐的衡量量表。其次，在發展出符合信度、內容效度、模型適配度、收斂效度、鑑別效度的動態能耐衡量量表後，以第三群樣本進行本研究之假說檢定，以確認智慧資本與研發團隊的動態能耐對其創新績效的影響關係。

研究發現，動態能耐是一個多面向多層次構念，可以以三構面八因子共19題項的問卷來衡量，三構面是指結合能耐、吸收能耐與彈性。在假說檢定部分，本研究共提出9項假說，結果有7項假說受到支持，另有2項假說未獲得支持。結果驗證本研究的主要論點，亦即智慧資本對研發團隊創新績效的影響並不顯著；而研發團隊如何運用智慧資本的能耐（亦即動態能耐），顯著地影響其創新績效。此外本研究發現，結合能耐是中介變項，它完全中介了吸收能耐對創新績效的影響；吸收能耐也是中介變項，它完全中介了人力資本以及關係資本對結合能耐的影響；而彈性則是交互變項，它會正向地強化各項智慧資本對吸收能耐的影響。最後，本研究也得到兩項特別的觀察，一是，具有動態能耐的研發團隊在研發能量提升上的兩種向度，二是，它是一種「彈性球體」的組織型態，方得以快速地回應外在環境的改變。
The scholars who studied the field of intellectual capital (IC) argued that IC was the main source of organizational competitive advantages. Besides, they thought that the better the IC a company has, the better the business can have the ability to generate innovative performance. However, the relationship between IC and innovative performance needs to be explored further, because of being inconsistent with some practical cases. This research proposed that the view of IC could not explain appropriately why organizations could generate better innovative performance in the dynamic environment. Besides, the scholars who studied IC seldom distinguished “static IC” from “dynamic ability for utilizing IC”. Whereas, this research proposed that these two constructs were different concepts, and would like to explore the impact of utilizing IC on innovative performance.

On the other hand, in order to explain why some enterprises could keep their competitive advantages in the rapidly changing environment, some scholars proposed the viewpoints of dynamic capabilities (DCs). This research argues that it has a directly significant effect of DCs on innovative performance, and DCs are the critical factors for utilizing IC. This research proposes that DCs are complex constructs. Therefore, we should clarify these constructs and provide an appropriate measurement tool with reliability and validity, if we would like to measure them.

This research adopted qualitative and quantitative researches simultaneously to demonstrate these arguments. After clarifying the definition of DCs and extracting the components of DCs from the literature review, this research deduced several hypotheses and formed the research framework. This research selected the research team of N University for developing wireless nano-bio systems as a case, and thoroughly explored two of its radically innovative projects, including Anti-SARS R&D project and sensor chip for wireless nano-biotach R&D project. Through observing their response to the rapidly changing external environment, this research illustrated the impact of IC and DCs of R&D team on its innovative performance. By the two-stage observation, analysis and induction of this case, we could understand the preliminary power in explaining this research model, and amend the hypotheses.

As for quantitative research, first, according to the scale developing steps, suggested by Hinkin (1998), this research developed the measurement tool of DCs with five stages and three samples to measure the concept of DCs precisely. Secondly, after developing the measurement scale of DCs, which surpassed the acceptable level for reliability, content validity, goodness of fit, convergent validity and discriminate validity, this research utilized the third sample testing the hypotheses to confirm the relationships among IC, DCs, and innovative performance of the R&D teams.

The results showed that the concept of DCs is a multi-level and multi-dimension construct, which is composed of combinative capabilities, absorptive capacity and flexibility. In addition, it can be measured by three-dimension and eight-factor scale with nineteen items. As for the hypothesis testing, there were nine hypotheses in this research. Seven of them were supported, however, two of them were not supported. The results confirmed the main arguments of this research. That is, it doesn’t have a significant effect of IC on R&D team’s innovative performance. However, it does have a significant effect of DCs on R&D team’s innovative performance. In addition, the results showed that combinative capabilities and absorptive capacity are mediators. The combinative capabilities fully mediated the effect of absorptive capacity on innovative performance. The absorptive capacity also fully mediated the effects of human capital and relationship capital on the combinative capabilities. Meanwhile, the results showed that flexibility is a moderator, which enhanced the effects of different ICs on absorptive capacity. Finally, this research got two special observations. First, there are two dimensions of R&D energy promotion for R&D teams with DCs. Secondly, it is a type of “flexible sphere organization” for the R&D teams with DCs, so that they can respond to the rapidly changing external environment.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
91359503
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0913595031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 吳思華zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wu,Se-Hwaen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林良陽zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin,Liang-Yangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林良陽zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin,Liang-Yangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 09:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 09:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 09:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0913595031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34363-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91359503zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 研究智慧資本領域的學者認為，智慧資本是組織競爭優勢的主要來源，而且也會影響組織績效（智慧資本愈高，其組織績效愈好）。但是，智慧資本與創新績效之間是否存在有正向關係，卻值得進一步探討。本研究認為，在動態環境下，智慧資本觀點並無法適當地解釋，為何組織有能力回應快速變動的外在環境，以產生較好的創新績效。智慧資本領域的學者與專家鮮少對「『靜態的』智慧資本」與「『動態的』運用智慧資本能力」進行區辨；而本研究認為這是兩種不相同的概念。本研究目的即希望瞭解研發團隊「運用」智慧資本對其創新績效的影響。

另一方面，為了解釋為何某些企業在快速變動與無法預期的市場中依然可以保有其競爭優勢，某些學者擴張資源基礎觀點到動態市場中，並提出「動態能耐」觀點（Teece, Pisano, and Shuen, 1997）。本研究主張，研發團隊的動態能耐除了直接影響創新績效之外，也是其「運用」智慧資本的關鍵因素。動態能耐對組織績效與創新績效的關連，雖有學者著墨；但，其實證研究並不多見，有待相關學者提出更多的貢獻。再則，動態能耐是一複雜的概念，若要對其進行衡量，應該要進一步釐清該構念，甚至建構適合的衡量指標，提出較為完整的、且符合信度與效度的衡量量表，方能正確地衡量動態能耐。

本研究同時採用質化與量化的研究方法。質性研究是從動態能耐相關文獻出發，在釐清各個學者對動態能耐的定義後，萃取出動態能耐之不同構面與架構，再經由各項假說之推演，提出本論文之初步研究架構。之後，選取N大學無線奈米生醫研究團隊為個案，深入瞭解該團隊兩項突破式創新計畫，分別是「抗SARS一號」與「無線奈米生醫感測晶片」研發計畫，用以觀察該團隊如何回應變動的外在環境，來說明智慧資本與研發團隊的動態能耐對其創新績效的影響。透過不同階段的觀察，進行分析與歸納，並找出其共同的特性，以瞭解本研究架構的初步解釋力，並進一步依個案研究的新發現修正各項假說，最後提出本研究之實證研究架構。

在量化研究方面，首先，為了能精確地衡量動態能耐概念，本研究依照Hinkin（1998）量表發展步驟，以五階段三個樣本群來發展動態能耐的衡量量表。其次，在發展出符合信度、內容效度、模型適配度、收斂效度、鑑別效度的動態能耐衡量量表後，以第三群樣本進行本研究之假說檢定，以確認智慧資本與研發團隊的動態能耐對其創新績效的影響關係。

研究發現，動態能耐是一個多面向多層次構念，可以以三構面八因子共19題項的問卷來衡量，三構面是指結合能耐、吸收能耐與彈性。在假說檢定部分，本研究共提出9項假說，結果有7項假說受到支持，另有2項假說未獲得支持。結果驗證本研究的主要論點，亦即智慧資本對研發團隊創新績效的影響並不顯著；而研發團隊如何運用智慧資本的能耐（亦即動態能耐），顯著地影響其創新績效。此外本研究發現，結合能耐是中介變項，它完全中介了吸收能耐對創新績效的影響；吸收能耐也是中介變項，它完全中介了人力資本以及關係資本對結合能耐的影響；而彈性則是交互變項，它會正向地強化各項智慧資本對吸收能耐的影響。最後，本研究也得到兩項特別的觀察，一是，具有動態能耐的研發團隊在研發能量提升上的兩種向度，二是，它是一種「彈性球體」的組織型態，方得以快速地回應外在環境的改變。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The scholars who studied the field of intellectual capital (IC) argued that IC was the main source of organizational competitive advantages. Besides, they thought that the better the IC a company has, the better the business can have the ability to generate innovative performance. However, the relationship between IC and innovative performance needs to be explored further, because of being inconsistent with some practical cases. This research proposed that the view of IC could not explain appropriately why organizations could generate better innovative performance in the dynamic environment. Besides, the scholars who studied IC seldom distinguished “static IC” from “dynamic ability for utilizing IC”. Whereas, this research proposed that these two constructs were different concepts, and would like to explore the impact of utilizing IC on innovative performance.

On the other hand, in order to explain why some enterprises could keep their competitive advantages in the rapidly changing environment, some scholars proposed the viewpoints of dynamic capabilities (DCs). This research argues that it has a directly significant effect of DCs on innovative performance, and DCs are the critical factors for utilizing IC. This research proposes that DCs are complex constructs. Therefore, we should clarify these constructs and provide an appropriate measurement tool with reliability and validity, if we would like to measure them.

This research adopted qualitative and quantitative researches simultaneously to demonstrate these arguments. After clarifying the definition of DCs and extracting the components of DCs from the literature review, this research deduced several hypotheses and formed the research framework. This research selected the research team of N University for developing wireless nano-bio systems as a case, and thoroughly explored two of its radically innovative projects, including Anti-SARS R&D project and sensor chip for wireless nano-biotach R&D project. Through observing their response to the rapidly changing external environment, this research illustrated the impact of IC and DCs of R&D team on its innovative performance. By the two-stage observation, analysis and induction of this case, we could understand the preliminary power in explaining this research model, and amend the hypotheses.

As for quantitative research, first, according to the scale developing steps, suggested by Hinkin (1998), this research developed the measurement tool of DCs with five stages and three samples to measure the concept of DCs precisely. Secondly, after developing the measurement scale of DCs, which surpassed the acceptable level for reliability, content validity, goodness of fit, convergent validity and discriminate validity, this research utilized the third sample testing the hypotheses to confirm the relationships among IC, DCs, and innovative performance of the R&D teams.

The results showed that the concept of DCs is a multi-level and multi-dimension construct, which is composed of combinative capabilities, absorptive capacity and flexibility. In addition, it can be measured by three-dimension and eight-factor scale with nineteen items. As for the hypothesis testing, there were nine hypotheses in this research. Seven of them were supported, however, two of them were not supported. The results confirmed the main arguments of this research. That is, it doesn’t have a significant effect of IC on R&D team’s innovative performance. However, it does have a significant effect of DCs on R&D team’s innovative performance. In addition, the results showed that combinative capabilities and absorptive capacity are mediators. The combinative capabilities fully mediated the effect of absorptive capacity on innovative performance. The absorptive capacity also fully mediated the effects of human capital and relationship capital on the combinative capabilities. Meanwhile, the results showed that flexibility is a moderator, which enhanced the effects of different ICs on absorptive capacity. Finally, this research got two special observations. First, there are two dimensions of R&D energy promotion for R&D teams with DCs. Secondly, it is a type of “flexible sphere organization” for the R&D teams with DCs, so that they can respond to the rapidly changing external environment.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目 錄 頁碼
第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景 …………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機 …………………………………………5
第三節 研究目的與問題 …………………………………8
第四節 研究範圍…………………………………………10
第五節 研究流程與論文架構……………………………12
第二章 文獻探討 ……………………………………………………15
第一節 智慧資本…………………………………………15
第二節 資源基礎觀點……………………………………18
第三節 動態能耐觀點……………………………………19
第四節 假說推演…………………………………………34
第五節 初步研究架構……………………………………44
第三章 個案研究 …………………………………………………45
第一節 個案研究方法……………………………………45
第二節 個案介紹…………………………………………48
第三節 個案分析…………………………………………54
第四節 個案新發現與修正構念內涵……………………67
第五節 修正假說與提出實證研究架構…………………70
第四章 量化研究方法 ……………………………………………105
第一節 量表發展階段與流程 …………………………105
第二節 變項衡量方法 …………………………………113
第三節 統計分析方法 …………………………………115
第五章 實證研究結果………………………………………………117
第一節 動態能耐的題項產生 …………………………119
第二節 內容效度分析 …………………………………120
第三節 探索性因素分析與信度 ………………………121
第四節 驗證性因素分析與效度 ………………………126
第五節 第三群樣本之信度與效度 ……………………133
第六節 假說驗證結果 …………………………………146
第七節 假說檢定結果彙整 ……………………………153
第八節 其他模式分析 …………………………………155
第九節 分群分析 ………………………………………162
第六章 研究發現與討論……………………………………………169
第七章 結論與建議…………………………………………………185
第一節 綜合討論 ………………………………………185
第二節 理論貢獻與管理意涵 …………………………188
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 ……………………191
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………193
附錄 …………………………………………………………………203
附錄一 Yang（2005）量表 ……………………………203
附錄二 Long（2001）量表 ……………………………203
附錄三 第一次問卷（在政大施測之問卷）……………204
附錄四 動態能耐題項（探索性因素分析後之結果）…208
附錄五A 第二次問卷（在南韓施測之問卷中文版） …210
附錄五B 第二次問卷（在南韓施測之問卷韓文版） …215
附錄六 動態能耐題項（驗證性因素分析後之結果）…221
附錄七 智慧資本題項（探索性因素分析後之結果）…223
附錄八 第三次問卷（在工研院施測之問卷）…………224
附錄九 最後之問卷題項（驗證性因素分析後之結果） 230



圖 目 錄 頁碼
圖1-1 研究流程與論文架構………………………………………………13
圖2-1 初步研究架構圖 …………………………………………………..44
圖3-1 N大學研發團隊20天內之日夜作戰回顧………………………..50
圖3-2 抗SARS一號化學式結構圖 ……………………………………..50
圖3-3 一般量測儀器與生醫感測晶片體積之比較 ……………………..52
圖3-4 透過無線傳輸將訊號傳送到醫生的PDA上……………………..52
圖3-5 生醫感測晶片研發計畫四個月的開發時程表 …………………..53
圖3-6 兩次新產品開發案後，N大學團隊的能力演變狀態 …………..64
圖3-7 兩次新產品開發案後，N大學團隊的智慧資本改變狀態 ……..66
圖3-8 本研究之實證研究架構圖 ………………………………………104
圖5-1 陡坡圖（動態能耐） ……………………………………………122
圖5-2 陡坡圖（智慧資本） ……………………………………………130
圖5-3 本研究之研究架構………………………………………………..146
圖5-4 吸收能耐與結合能耐對創新績效的關係圖……………………..147
圖5-5 智慧資本、吸收能耐與結合能耐之間的關係圖………………..149
圖5-6 智慧資本與彈性對吸收能耐的關係圖…………………………..150
圖5-7 本研究假說驗證結果示意圖……………………………………..153
圖5-8 模式B：智慧資本對創新績效的關係圖………………………..155
圖5-9 模式C：本研究之競爭模式……………………………………..156
圖5-10 模式C：結合能耐與吸收能耐對創新績效的關係圖…………..157
圖5-11 模式C：智慧資本與彈性對結合能耐的關係圖………………..158
圖5-12 模式C之驗證結果 ……………………………………………..159
圖5-13 模式D：本研究之競爭模式……………………………………..160
圖5-14 分群M：結合能耐與吸收能耐對創新績效的關係圖…………..162
圖5-15 分群M：智慧資本與彈性對吸收能耐的關係圖………………..163
圖5-16 高突破式創新群組之假說驗證結果示意圖……………………..165
圖5-17 分群N：結合能耐與吸收能耐對創新績效的關係圖…………..165
圖5-18 分群N：智慧資本與彈性對吸收能耐的關係圖………………..166
圖5-19 低突破式創新群組之假說驗證結果示意圖……………………..168
圖6-1 研發團隊之研發能量提升示意圖………………………………..170
圖6-2 彈性球體組織示意圖……………………………………………..172
圖6-3 本研究動態能耐架構圖………………………………………..174
圖6-4 學習、動態能耐與作業例規架構圖……………………………176


表 目 錄
頁碼
表2-1 不同學者對智慧資本之分類與內涵………………………………16
表2-2 各學者對動態能耐的定義…………………………………………21
表2-3 動態能耐文獻整理…………………………………………………27
表2-4 經文獻探討後，研發團隊動態能耐各項子構面定義……………33
表3-1 抗SARS一號研發案之受訪對象與時間…………………………47
表3-2 生醫感測晶片研發案之受訪對象與時間…………………………47
表3-3 N大學研發團隊主要成員學經歷…………………………………54
表3-4 經個案研究修正後之動態能耐各項子構面定義…………………68
表3-5 生醫感測晶片研發案所運用的外部網路與資源…………………90
表5-1 各階段活動與資料一覽表 ………………………………………117
表5-2 本研究之構念在各階段之處理流程 ……………………………117
表5-3 動態能耐各因子之因素負荷量、特徵值與解釋變異 …………123
表5-4 動態能耐八因子相關係數表 ……………………………………125
表5-5 動態能耐各題項之Lambda-X值與t值（第一次檢驗）………128
表5-6 動態能耐各因子之PHI值表（第一次檢驗） …………………129
表5-7 智慧資本各因子之因素負荷量、特徵值與解釋變異 …………131
表5-8 智慧資本五因子相關係數表 ……………………………………132
表5-9 拜訪工研院各單位團隊的狀況 …………………………………133
表5-10 去除該團隊之原因與數目 ………………………………………134
表5-11 Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances………136
表5-12 t-test：Group Statistics—各分組之基本統計量 ……137
表5-13 動態能耐各題項之Lambda-X值與t值（第二次檢驗） ……139
表5-14 動態能耐各因子之PHI值表（第二次檢驗） …………………140
表5-15 智慧資本各題項之Lambda-X值與t值 ………………………142
表5-16 智慧資本各因子之PHI值表 ……………………………………143
表5-17 本研究中的13項因子相關係數表………………………………145
表5-18 變項間的平均值、標準差與相關係數 …………………………147
表5-19 模式一回歸分析結果 ……………………………………………148
表5-20 模式二回歸分析結果 ……………………………………………150
表5-21 模式三回歸分析結果 ……………………………………………152
表5-22 各項假說驗證結果一覽表 ………………………………………153
表5-23 模式B之回歸分析結果 …………………………………………156
表5-24 模式C1之回歸分析結果…………………………………………157
表5-25 模式C2之回歸分析結果…………………………………………159
表5-26 模式D之回歸分析結果 …………………………………………161
表5-27 模式M1回歸分析結果 …………………………………………162
表5-28 模式M2回歸分析結果 …………………………………………164
表5-29 模式N1回歸分析結果 …………………………………………166
表5-30 模式N2回歸分析結果 …………………………………………167
表6-1 本研究模式與其他模式之比較 …………………………………183
表6-2 突破式創新程度較高與較低群組之比較 ………………………184		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0913595031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態能耐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創新績效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團隊zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 結合能耐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 吸收能耐zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 彈性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dynamic Capabilitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Intellectual Capitalen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Innovative Performanceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Teamen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Combinative Capabilitiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Absorptive Capacityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Flexibilityen_US
dc.title (題名) 智慧資本與動態能耐對研發團隊創新績效的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Dynamic Capabilities on R&D Teams’ Innovative Performanceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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