Publications-Theses

題名 台灣非政府組織參與世界衛生組織之研究
作者 鍾京佑
Chung, Ching-yu
貢獻者 孫本初
Sun, Ben-Chu
鍾京佑
Chung, Ching-yu
關鍵詞 非政府組織
世界衛生組織
政府間組織
公民社會
官民策略
nongovernmental organization
World Health organization
inter-governmental organization
civil society
Government-NGO Participant Strategy
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 10:09:45 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文探討近數十年來非政府組織「為何」(why)在國際社會積極參與國際組織的各項議題,其興起的因素與相關的基礎理論。然而,由於世界衛生組織是一個以主權國家為會員組成的政府間組織,台灣至今還未能成為它的會員國;非政府組織「如何」(how)參與此一國際組織,本文從三個面向來進行分析,第一,非政府組織參與WHO的角色定位;第二,非政府組織對於國際政策諸如醫療、人道救援等的參與策略;第三,討論非政府組織在國際參與過程中與政府的關係;此外,並探討台灣非政府組織國際參與的機會與可能的挑戰。
就理論意義而言,學者將非政府組織與全球化的發展趨勢聯繫起來,關注於非政府組織如何在國際參與各項全球議題(Held & Mcgrew, 2002;Peck, 1998;Scholte, 2000)。就現有的非政府組織研究來看,學界少有將全球議題和國家、非政府組織相連結者(Weiss, 1999;Brown. et.al., 2000;CIVICUS, 1998;MS, 2000),此一研究缺口主要與它在國際政策層面的重要性未獲得密切注意有關。目前有若干學術著作把國家與非國家行動者合併在一起探討,Weiss & Gordenker (1996)在「非政府組織、聯合國及全球治理」(NGOs, The UN, & Global Governance)一書中,從UN與NGO的連結試圖解釋全球治理的問題;Fisher(1998)的「非政府組織與第三世界的政治發展」(NGOs and the Political Development of the Third World)一書探討的NGO與第三世界國家政治發展的關係。本文主要為了突顯NGO的參與對國家主導全球議題等鉅觀社會變遷的影響之外,並以中介角色來理解它與政府和政府間組織如聯合國、世界衛生組織的關連。
在資料蒐集與分析方面,台灣非政府組織在國際上從事醫療及人道救援有其長遠的歷史,然關於這方面的學術研究、討論,卻是近幾年才開始興起。本文採用質性研究的文獻檢閱、深度訪談和參與觀察等研究方法。對此一議題的思考、研究,透過搜集、閱讀以世界衛生組織為研究主題或相關的國內外期刊文章,釐清目前世界衛生組織研究領域的內容,以進一步確定計畫研究範圍、研究主軸與訪談對象。針對非政府組織部分的訪談對象,作者選擇了:台灣國際醫學聯盟等共18個民間團體以及2個政府機構做為研究訪談對象。
研究發現茲分為理論層面和實務層面兩方面對照說明:
(一)關於非政府組織在國際參與的角色定位,指涉非政府組織在國際社會所扮演的是一種中介角色;還是第二軌道外交功能、或對政府間國際關係的輔助作用。究實而論,台灣非政府組織參與世界衛生組織之行動,其理論意涵意味著上述三種的角色功能,但本文研究發現政府偏好以動員方式鼓勵非政府組織去參與,而此種「動員式外交」活動究竟能夠收到多大的效果,不無爭議,容易造成台灣NGO在國際發展角色的曖昧不明,引發非政府組織角色定位的疑問。
(二)非政府組織在國際組織系統中並不具有政府的合法性,亦不具有治理上的權威,故而它對於國際事務的影響力,所憑藉的僅為一種策略途徑的運用。從台灣參與的個案,本文發現非政府組織除了運用協商談判的途徑,或與政府協商、或國際組織協商之外,國內非政府組織所運用的途徑,主要為倡議導向的途徑、策略聯盟的途徑以及訴諸直接服務的途徑。
(三)台灣非政府組織積極參與政府間國際組織,理論上可以與外交議題進行連結,因此政府與非政府組織在某些政策層面維持良好的互動。本研究發現台灣非政府組織與政府的互動情形,存在下列的問題:1、第二軌道外交價值觀認知之不同,政府急於加入WHO這種國際政府間組織,但大多NGO卻認為政府不應將外交當作唯一考量,希望能夠加強非政府組織實際參與的實質內涵;2、非政府組織與政府參與國際的方式缺乏共識,非政府組織不認同政府對外之參與模式,反而認為政府應該做好整合資源的工作,協助國內NGO從事國際活動,盡量讓NGO可以發揮各自領域之所長,而不只是經費補助而已;3、台灣NGO與政府的關係可區分為:收編、合作、互補和對抗等類型,其中若干非政府組織與政府傾向於一種合作型的「官民策略」(Government-NGO Participant Strategy),就加入世界衛生組織的目標而言,兩者維持相互依賴的關係。
The paper attempts to explore related issue that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Taiwan participating in the activities of ‘World Health Organization’ (WHO). In terms of literature review and theory approach, this paper examines why NGOs involved in global issue, and explores NGOs appearance cause and related basic theory. However, WHO is an inter-governmental organization composed of a number of member state, so far Taiwan couldn’t still be allowed to be a member of WHO. Based on qualitative research it also examines NGOs how to participate in such an intergovernmental organization, there are three main analyzing aspects.
First, this paper intends to discuss the role and position of a civil organization concerning how to participate in WHO meeting and activities. Second, some of the NGOs discussed here directly provide strategies to attend international policy in WHO areas such as health, and human aid. Third, the diverse relations between NGOs and government institution may be formed with participating different processes of international action. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and limitations on participating actions of NGOs in Taiwan.
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
中山人文社會科學研究所
88261506
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0882615062
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 孫本初zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Sun, Ben-Chuen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鍾京佑zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chung, Ching-yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 鍾京佑zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chung, Ching-yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 10:09:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 10:09:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 10:09:45 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0882615062en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34399-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 中山人文社會科學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 88261506zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文探討近數十年來非政府組織「為何」(why)在國際社會積極參與國際組織的各項議題,其興起的因素與相關的基礎理論。然而,由於世界衛生組織是一個以主權國家為會員組成的政府間組織,台灣至今還未能成為它的會員國;非政府組織「如何」(how)參與此一國際組織,本文從三個面向來進行分析,第一,非政府組織參與WHO的角色定位;第二,非政府組織對於國際政策諸如醫療、人道救援等的參與策略;第三,討論非政府組織在國際參與過程中與政府的關係;此外,並探討台灣非政府組織國際參與的機會與可能的挑戰。
就理論意義而言,學者將非政府組織與全球化的發展趨勢聯繫起來,關注於非政府組織如何在國際參與各項全球議題(Held & Mcgrew, 2002;Peck, 1998;Scholte, 2000)。就現有的非政府組織研究來看,學界少有將全球議題和國家、非政府組織相連結者(Weiss, 1999;Brown. et.al., 2000;CIVICUS, 1998;MS, 2000),此一研究缺口主要與它在國際政策層面的重要性未獲得密切注意有關。目前有若干學術著作把國家與非國家行動者合併在一起探討,Weiss & Gordenker (1996)在「非政府組織、聯合國及全球治理」(NGOs, The UN, & Global Governance)一書中,從UN與NGO的連結試圖解釋全球治理的問題;Fisher(1998)的「非政府組織與第三世界的政治發展」(NGOs and the Political Development of the Third World)一書探討的NGO與第三世界國家政治發展的關係。本文主要為了突顯NGO的參與對國家主導全球議題等鉅觀社會變遷的影響之外,並以中介角色來理解它與政府和政府間組織如聯合國、世界衛生組織的關連。
在資料蒐集與分析方面,台灣非政府組織在國際上從事醫療及人道救援有其長遠的歷史,然關於這方面的學術研究、討論,卻是近幾年才開始興起。本文採用質性研究的文獻檢閱、深度訪談和參與觀察等研究方法。對此一議題的思考、研究,透過搜集、閱讀以世界衛生組織為研究主題或相關的國內外期刊文章,釐清目前世界衛生組織研究領域的內容,以進一步確定計畫研究範圍、研究主軸與訪談對象。針對非政府組織部分的訪談對象,作者選擇了:台灣國際醫學聯盟等共18個民間團體以及2個政府機構做為研究訪談對象。
研究發現茲分為理論層面和實務層面兩方面對照說明:
(一)關於非政府組織在國際參與的角色定位,指涉非政府組織在國際社會所扮演的是一種中介角色;還是第二軌道外交功能、或對政府間國際關係的輔助作用。究實而論,台灣非政府組織參與世界衛生組織之行動,其理論意涵意味著上述三種的角色功能,但本文研究發現政府偏好以動員方式鼓勵非政府組織去參與,而此種「動員式外交」活動究竟能夠收到多大的效果,不無爭議,容易造成台灣NGO在國際發展角色的曖昧不明,引發非政府組織角色定位的疑問。
(二)非政府組織在國際組織系統中並不具有政府的合法性,亦不具有治理上的權威,故而它對於國際事務的影響力,所憑藉的僅為一種策略途徑的運用。從台灣參與的個案,本文發現非政府組織除了運用協商談判的途徑,或與政府協商、或國際組織協商之外,國內非政府組織所運用的途徑,主要為倡議導向的途徑、策略聯盟的途徑以及訴諸直接服務的途徑。
(三)台灣非政府組織積極參與政府間國際組織,理論上可以與外交議題進行連結,因此政府與非政府組織在某些政策層面維持良好的互動。本研究發現台灣非政府組織與政府的互動情形,存在下列的問題:1、第二軌道外交價值觀認知之不同,政府急於加入WHO這種國際政府間組織,但大多NGO卻認為政府不應將外交當作唯一考量,希望能夠加強非政府組織實際參與的實質內涵;2、非政府組織與政府參與國際的方式缺乏共識,非政府組織不認同政府對外之參與模式,反而認為政府應該做好整合資源的工作,協助國內NGO從事國際活動,盡量讓NGO可以發揮各自領域之所長,而不只是經費補助而已;3、台灣NGO與政府的關係可區分為:收編、合作、互補和對抗等類型,其中若干非政府組織與政府傾向於一種合作型的「官民策略」(Government-NGO Participant Strategy),就加入世界衛生組織的目標而言,兩者維持相互依賴的關係。
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dc.description.abstract (摘要) The paper attempts to explore related issue that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Taiwan participating in the activities of ‘World Health Organization’ (WHO). In terms of literature review and theory approach, this paper examines why NGOs involved in global issue, and explores NGOs appearance cause and related basic theory. However, WHO is an inter-governmental organization composed of a number of member state, so far Taiwan couldn’t still be allowed to be a member of WHO. Based on qualitative research it also examines NGOs how to participate in such an intergovernmental organization, there are three main analyzing aspects.
First, this paper intends to discuss the role and position of a civil organization concerning how to participate in WHO meeting and activities. Second, some of the NGOs discussed here directly provide strategies to attend international policy in WHO areas such as health, and human aid. Third, the diverse relations between NGOs and government institution may be formed with participating different processes of international action. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and limitations on participating actions of NGOs in Taiwan.
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dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景與動機……………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的與問題……………………………………………6
第三節 研究方法與限制……………………………………………9
第四節 名詞界定……………………………………………………12
第五節 研究流程……………………………………………………20

第二章 文獻檢閱與理論析探…………………………………………23
第一節 文獻檢閱……………………………………………………24
第二節 理論析探……………………………………………………39
第三節 分析架構……………………………………………………63

第三章 台灣非政府組織的現況分析…………………………………67
第一節 台灣非政府組織的發展與國際參與………………………69
第二節 台灣非政府組織的國際參與模式…………………………79
第三節 台灣非政府組織與政府的推動模式………………………82

第四章 研究設計與資料分析…………………………………………101
第一節 研究設計……………………………………………………102
第二節 訪談實施過程………………………………………………108
第三節 資料整理與分析……………………………………………112
第四節 個案介紹……………………………………………………116

第五章 研究發現………………………………………………………124
第一節 台灣非政府組織的角色定位………………………………125
第二節 台灣非政府組織的參與途徑………………………………135
第三節 台灣非政府組織與政府的辯證關係………………………147
第四節 台灣非政府組織參與的機會與挑戰………………………163

第六章 結論……………………………………………………………174
第一節 研究結果析論………………………………………………175
第二節 研究建議……………………………………………………184

參考書目…………………………………………………………………191
附錄一 台灣政府部門參與世界衛生組織的模式……………………207
附錄二 與世界衛生組織有正式工作關係的非政府組織名單………215
附錄三 訪談題綱………………………………………………………227
附錄四 訪談內容………………………………………………………229
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0882615062en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非政府組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 世界衛生組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府間組織zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公民社會zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 官民策略zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) nongovernmental organizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) World Health organizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) inter-governmental organizationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) civil societyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Government-NGO Participant Strategyen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣非政府組織參與世界衛生組織之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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