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題名 無線點對點環境中情境化小額定價模式之研究
作者 曹瓊方
Tsao,Chiung Fang
貢獻者 苑守慈
Yuan,Soe-Tsyr
曹瓊方
Tsao,Chiung Fang
關鍵詞 點對點
動態定價
價值導向定價
無線隨意服務
P2P
dynamic pricing
value-based pricing
wireless ad-hoc e-services
日期 2004
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 14:35:39 (UTC+8)
摘要 在未來的無線點對點環境中,由於資訊將被賦予金錢上的價值,故核心議題將不在於如何解決資訊便車者問題,而是必須針對有價資訊制定一有效的定價模式以促進個體提供差異化服務的意願。本研究所提出之情境式小額定價模式,以價值導向定價為基礎,除了針對個體本身資源限制考量而設計之外,更考量服務本身之特性(如無形性、不可分割性、異質性與易逝性),因此可有效地針對個體目前所處的情境需求以協助服務買方與賣方分別制定服務價格策略與價格談判策略,讓買賣雙方可快速地達成協議。
本研究期望藉由情境式定價與談判機制的提出,能對WP2P 的無線應用服
務發展有所貢獻,並期望讓使用者在動態且即時的環境下,能有效地促進資訊分享的意願與流通,進而能恣意地享受行動服務所帶來的全新生活體驗。
In the foreseeable Wireless Peer-to-Peer (WP2P) environments (in which information traded is associated with monetary value), one of the key issues in WP2P will focus on how to build efficient pricing strategies to facilitate the peers’ willingness of offering differentiated services (rather than the status–quo of merely resolving the free rider problems). Accordingly, this paper presents a contextualized micro pricing strategy for e-services operating in distributed WP2P environments. The pricing strategy grounding in the concept of value-based pricing not only takes mobile device restrictions and attributes of the surrounding context (ex. time, location) into account, but also regards the unique features of services (intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, perishability) to assist service buyers and sellers to rapidly come to a deal with each other in terms of a lightweight pricing/bargaining process. The contribution of the proposed contextualized micro pricing strategy is to improve peers’ willingness of furnishing differentiated services and to enhance the distribution of the service resources amid the WP2P environments.
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2. 鄭伯壎,消費者心理學,台北市:大洋出版社,1986。
3. Akhil, A., Carl, H. and Kuldip, S. P., JXTA for J2ME – Extending the Reach of Wireless with JXTA Technology, http://www.jxta.org/project/www/docs/
JXTA4J2ME.pdf, 2002.
4. Arnold, D. R., Hoffman, K. D. and McCormick, J., Service Pricing: a differentiation premium approach, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 3, pp. 25-33, 1989.
5. Avancha, S., et al., P2P M-Commerce in Pervasive Environments, ACM SIGecom Exchanges, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2003.
6. Bartos, O. J., Process and Outcome of Negotiations, New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.
7. Beverly, Y., Hector Garcia-Molina, PPay: Micropayments for Peer-to-Peer Systems, In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2003.
8. Bood, R. P. and Th. J. B. M. Postma, Scenario Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool, SOM Research Report 97B, Groningen, 1997.
9. Cannon, H. M., Morgan, F. W., A Strategic Pricing Framework, The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 6, pp. 59-70, 1991.
10. Chi, E., Evaluation of Micropayment Schemes, Hewlett-Packard Labs Technical Report 97-14, 1997.
11. Daniel R. F., Jonathan S., Don T., Payment-based Incentives for Anonymous Peer-to-Peer Systems, UMass CMPSCI Technical Report 04-62, 2004.
12. Fishburn, P. C., Odlyzko, A. M. and Siders, R. C., Fixed fee versus unit pricing for information goods: Competition, equilibria, and price wars, In Proceedings of the Conference on Internet Publishing and Beyond: Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual Property, 1997.
13. Gode, D.K. and Sunder, S., Allocative Efficiency of Markets with Zero-IntelligenceTraders: Market as a Partial Substitute for Individual Rationality, Journal of Political Economy 101, pp.119-137, 1993.
14. Gronroos, C., A Service-Oriented Approach to Marketing of Services, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 12, pp. 588-601, 1978.
15. Guiltinan JP, The price bundling of services: a normative framework, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, pp. 74-85, 1987.
16. Hausheer, D., Liebau, N., Mauthe, A., Steinmetz, R., Stiller, B., Towards A Market Managed Peer-to-Peer File Sharing System Using Token-based Accounting and Distributed Pricing, TIK-Report, Nr. 179, 2003.
17. Hoffman, K. D., Arnold, D. R., Professional service pricing: an extended cost-oriented approach, Journal of Professional Services Marketing, Vol. 5, pp. 29-39, 1989.
18. Hoffman, K. D., Turley, L.W., Kelley, Scott W., Pricing retail services, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 55, pp. 1015-1023, 2002.
19. James, T. T., Barry R. S., Tomas V. B., Conflict, Power and Games, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company , 1973.
20. Jennifer, R., Issues in pricing strategies for electronic information, Pricing Strategy & Practice, Vol. 3, pp. 4-13, 1995.
21. Jeffrey T., Hannele W. and Jyrki W., Multiple-issue auction and market algorithms for the world wide web, Decision Support Systems, Vol. 26, pp. 49-66, 1999.
22. John H., Glossary: BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements (BIS), http://www.bis.org/publ/bispap07l.pdf, 2001.
23. Joseph, P. G., Thomas T. V., Pricing Decision Making For High-Technology Products and Services, The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 3, pp. 61-70, 1988.
24. JXTA Project, http://www.jxta.org.
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29. Martin B., Claudia L., Pricing strategies and technologies for on-line delivered content, Journal of End User Computing, Vol. 12, pp. 4-10, 2000.
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31. Nicolaisen, J., Petrov, V., and Tesfatsion, L., Market power and efficiency in a computational electricity market with discriminatory double-auction pricing, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, pp.504-523, 2001.
32. Oliver, J. R., A Machine Learning Approach to Automated Negotiation and Prospects for Electronic Commerce, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 13, pp. 83-112, 1997.
33. Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, Valarie A., and Berry L. L., A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 41-50, 1985.
34. Patricia A., Nicholas R. J., Developing a bidding agent for multiple heterogeneous auctions, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), Vol. 3, 2003.
35. Peter M. N., Thomas S. G., Industrial pricing: Theory and managerial practice, Marketing Science, Vol. 18, pp. 435-454, 1999.
36. Phelps, S., Parsons, S., Sklar, E., and McBurney, P., Using genetic programming to optimize pricing rules for a double auction market, In Proceedings of the Workshop on Agents for Electronic Commerce, Pittsburgh, 2003.
37. Prithviraj D., Rajarshi D., Dynamic Pricing with Limited Competitor Information in a Multi-Agent Economy, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS), Springer-Verlag, 2000.
38. Raiffa, H., The Art and Science of Negotiation, Mass: the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982.
39. Rivest, R., Shamir, A., PayWord and MicroMint: Two simple micro-payment schemes, Technical Report, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, 1996.
40. Martin, R. S., Joseph, C., Pricing of Services: An Interdisciplinary Review, the Service Industries Journal, Vol. 11, 1991.
41. Stephen P. Robbins, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall, 1997.
42. Sunder, S., Markets as Artifacts: Aggregate Efficiency from Zero Intelligence Traders, in M.E. Augier and J.G. March, eds., Modesl of Man: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Simon, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
43. Tesauro, G. and Kephart , J. O., Pricing in agent economies using multi-agent Q-learning, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, pp. 289-304, 2002.
44. Tomi P., Heather H., Michael S., NetCents: A lightweight protocol for secure micropayments, In Proceeding of the Third USENIX Workshop on Electronic Commerce, pp. 25-36, 1998.
45. TU, M. T., WOLFF, E., and LAMERSDORF, W., Genetic algorithms for automated negotiations: A FSM-based application approach, IEEE of the 11th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems, pp.1029-1033, 2000.
46. Webber, S., Charging for information: some hints, Inform, pp. 3-4, 1993.
47. Dai, X., Grundy, J., and Lo, B., Comparing and contrasting micro-payment models for E-commerce systems, International Conferences of Info-tech and Info-net (ICII), China, 2001.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
92356003
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923560031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 苑守慈zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yuan,Soe-Tsyren_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 曹瓊方zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsao,Chiung Fangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 曹瓊方zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsao,Chiung Fangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 14:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 14:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 14:35:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0923560031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35267-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92356003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在未來的無線點對點環境中,由於資訊將被賦予金錢上的價值,故核心議題將不在於如何解決資訊便車者問題,而是必須針對有價資訊制定一有效的定價模式以促進個體提供差異化服務的意願。本研究所提出之情境式小額定價模式,以價值導向定價為基礎,除了針對個體本身資源限制考量而設計之外,更考量服務本身之特性(如無形性、不可分割性、異質性與易逝性),因此可有效地針對個體目前所處的情境需求以協助服務買方與賣方分別制定服務價格策略與價格談判策略,讓買賣雙方可快速地達成協議。
本研究期望藉由情境式定價與談判機制的提出,能對WP2P 的無線應用服
務發展有所貢獻,並期望讓使用者在動態且即時的環境下,能有效地促進資訊分享的意願與流通,進而能恣意地享受行動服務所帶來的全新生活體驗。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In the foreseeable Wireless Peer-to-Peer (WP2P) environments (in which information traded is associated with monetary value), one of the key issues in WP2P will focus on how to build efficient pricing strategies to facilitate the peers’ willingness of offering differentiated services (rather than the status–quo of merely resolving the free rider problems). Accordingly, this paper presents a contextualized micro pricing strategy for e-services operating in distributed WP2P environments. The pricing strategy grounding in the concept of value-based pricing not only takes mobile device restrictions and attributes of the surrounding context (ex. time, location) into account, but also regards the unique features of services (intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, perishability) to assist service buyers and sellers to rapidly come to a deal with each other in terms of a lightweight pricing/bargaining process. The contribution of the proposed contextualized micro pricing strategy is to improve peers’ willingness of furnishing differentiated services and to enhance the distribution of the service resources amid the WP2P environments.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 表 次 V
圖 次 VI
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究問題 4
第四節 研究目的 6
第五節 研究流程 9
第貳章 文獻探討 10
第一節 小額付款(Micropayment) 10
第二節 定價策略(Pricing Strategy) 18
第三節 協商策略(Negotiation) 26
第參章 研究方法 30
第一節 Contextualized micro pricing應用環境架構 31
第二節 Service Discovery 與Candidate Determination 36
第三節 Price Determination 43
第四節 Provider Determination與Price Valuation 55
第五節 Contextualized micro pricing之運作實例 63
第肆章 實驗設計與結果 69
第一節 實驗情境設計 69
第二節 實驗目的 71
第三節 實驗結果評估 74
第伍章 系統架構 96
第一節 JXTA平台 96
第二節 JXTA基本概念 98
第三節 情境化小額定價模式系統設計 101
第陸章 結論與未來研究方向 108
第一節 結論 108
第二節 本研究之商業價值 111
第三節 未來研究方向 112
參考文獻 114


表 次

表2-2- 1、三種定價策略整理 22
表2-3- 1、三種衝突型式整理 28
表3-2- 1、CP需求訊息之定義 39
表3-2- 2、SP response訊息之定義 39
表3-2- 3、Candidate Determination運作方式 40
表3-2- 4、RTR格式 41
表3-3- 1、SP_bid訊息 43
表3-3- 2、無線應用服務定價公式 45
表3-3- 3、情境式BP服務分版考量之服務定價 47
表3-3- 4、情境化的資訊內容無線應用服務之完整定價 49
表3-3- 5、讓步範圍值的區間計算方式 51
表3-3- 6、SP的出價公式之計算方式 52
表3-3- 7、total payoff計算方式 53
表3-3- 8、Seller Price Negotiation演算法 53
表3-4- 1、SP服務本身QoS總分計算方式 56
表3-4- 2、SP的總積分計算方式 57
表3-4- 3、情境式之WTP價格計算方式 59
表3-4- 4、讓步範圍值的區間計算方式 61
表3-4- 5、CP的出價公式之計算方式 62
表3-4- 6、Buyer Price Negotiation演算法 62
表4-1- 1、實驗參數一覽表 70

圖 次

圖1-5- 1、研究程序圖 9
圖2-1- 1、PayWord protocol 12
圖2-1- 2、改良PayWord的小額付款系統運作方式 17
圖2-3- 1、市場架構(Market Framework) 26
圖2-3- 2、議價空間的觀念 29
圖3-1- 1、Contextualized Micro Pricing應用環境 31
圖3-1- 2、Contextualized Micro Pricing Protocol 35
圖3-2- 1、Shopping Mall Ontology 37
圖3-2- 2、Merchandise Store Ontology 37
圖3-2- 3、Food Store Ontology 38
圖3-2- 4、Service Discovery與Candidate Determination流程 42
圖4-1- 1、賣方服務易逝性情境圖 71
圖4-3- 1、SP預測CP服務價格認知之差異程度(BP=HIGH) 76
圖4-3- 2、SP預測CP服務價格認知之差異程度(BP=MIDDLE) 76
圖4-3- 3、SP預測CP服務價格認知之差異程度(BP=LOW) 77
圖4-3- 4、SP與CP服務價格之整體報酬(BP=HIGH) 79
圖4-3- 5、SP與CP服務價格之整體報酬(BP=MIDDLE) 79
圖4-3- 6、SP與CP服務價格之整體報酬(BP=LOW) 80
圖4-3- 7、兩種協商模式之談判次數結果(BP=HIGH) 82
圖4-3- 8、兩種協商模式之談判次數結果(BP=MIDDLE) 83
圖4-3- 9、兩種協商模式之談判次數結果(BP=LOW) 83
圖4-3- 10、兩種協商模式結果之交易整體報酬 (BP=HIGH) 85
圖4-3- 11、兩種協商模式結果之交易整體報酬 (BP=MIDDLE) 85
圖4-3- 12、兩種協商模式結果之交易整體報酬 (BP=LOW) 86
圖4-3- 13、情境分析發展流程 88
圖5-1- 1、JXTA軟體架構圖 97
圖5-2- 1、Peer Advertisement 99
圖5-2- 2、管道(pipe)定址方式 100
圖5-2- 3、Pipe Advertisement 101
圖5-3- 1、系統運作架構圖 103
圖5-3- 2、系統流程說明圖 105
圖5-3- 3、JXTA初始設定畫面 105
圖5-3- 4、資訊服務格式設定畫面 106
圖5-3- 5、定價協定流程執行畫面 107
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0923560031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 點對點zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動態定價zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 價值導向定價zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 無線隨意服務zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) P2Pen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) dynamic pricingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) value-based pricingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) wireless ad-hoc e-servicesen_US
dc.title (題名) 無線點對點環境中情境化小額定價模式之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. 資策會FIND,http://www.find.org.tw/0105/news/index_class.asp, 2004。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. 鄭伯壎,消費者心理學,台北市:大洋出版社,1986。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Akhil, A., Carl, H. and Kuldip, S. P., JXTA for J2ME – Extending the Reach of Wireless with JXTA Technology, http://www.jxta.org/project/www/docs/zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) JXTA4J2ME.pdf, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Arnold, D. R., Hoffman, K. D. and McCormick, J., Service Pricing: a differentiation premium approach, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 3, pp. 25-33, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Avancha, S., et al., P2P M-Commerce in Pervasive Environments, ACM SIGecom Exchanges, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Bartos, O. J., Process and Outcome of Negotiations, New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Beverly, Y., Hector Garcia-Molina, PPay: Micropayments for Peer-to-Peer Systems, In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Bood, R. P. and Th. J. B. M. Postma, Scenario Analysis as a Strategic Management Tool, SOM Research Report 97B, Groningen, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Cannon, H. M., Morgan, F. W., A Strategic Pricing Framework, The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 6, pp. 59-70, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Chi, E., Evaluation of Micropayment Schemes, Hewlett-Packard Labs Technical Report 97-14, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Daniel R. F., Jonathan S., Don T., Payment-based Incentives for Anonymous Peer-to-Peer Systems, UMass CMPSCI Technical Report 04-62, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Fishburn, P. C., Odlyzko, A. M. and Siders, R. C., Fixed fee versus unit pricing for information goods: Competition, equilibria, and price wars, In Proceedings of the Conference on Internet Publishing and Beyond: Economics of Digital Information and Intellectual Property, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Gode, D.K. and Sunder, S., Allocative Efficiency of Markets with Zero-IntelligenceTraders: Market as a Partial Substitute for Individual Rationality, Journal of Political Economy 101, pp.119-137, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Gronroos, C., A Service-Oriented Approach to Marketing of Services, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 12, pp. 588-601, 1978.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Guiltinan JP, The price bundling of services: a normative framework, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, pp. 74-85, 1987.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Hausheer, D., Liebau, N., Mauthe, A., Steinmetz, R., Stiller, B., Towards A Market Managed Peer-to-Peer File Sharing System Using Token-based Accounting and Distributed Pricing, TIK-Report, Nr. 179, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Hoffman, K. D., Arnold, D. R., Professional service pricing: an extended cost-oriented approach, Journal of Professional Services Marketing, Vol. 5, pp. 29-39, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Hoffman, K. D., Turley, L.W., Kelley, Scott W., Pricing retail services, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 55, pp. 1015-1023, 2002.zh_TW
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