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題名 從企業機制及內部環境研究跨國公司知識分享實務, 以美商3M及德商Degussa公司為例
作者 吳宏智
貢獻者 譚丹琪
吳宏智
關鍵詞 知識分享
知識分享的平台
企業文化
駐外經理
激勵制度
處理衝突的機制
日期 2005
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 14:45:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文在探討多國籍企業知識分享的機制及企業內部環境對知識分享的影響,以個案研究的方法針對美商3M與德商Degussa兩個大型的跨國企業進行訪談。從研究中發現,企業內知識分享的平台、企業文化、駐外經理、激勵制度以及處理衝突的機制等等皆會影響企業內知識分享工作的成效。

在高度競爭的全球化市場,如何創造差異化以及強化核心競爭力是現今企業非常迫切的課題。二十一世紀的產業競爭已從成本、產品導向轉變為服務與知識的競爭。 本研究的中心議題──建立有利於知識分享的機制及企業環境,是一個值得企業深思與努力的課題。筆者從研究中發現,一企業若能努力做好下列建議的工作,必可在知識分享工作中獲得較佳的成效。

一、建立完善的知識分享平台以提昇知識分享的效率。
二、增進員工之間的交流,人際網絡的建立,有助於內隱知識的分享。
三、致力提高員工的向心力,打造公司同仁共同認同的企業文化,企業價
值。
四、建立公平的績效評估制度以避免員工間潛在的衝突並建立解決衝突的
機制。
五、在適當,適時鼓勵員工在知識分享上的貢獻並將此貢獻與績效考核相
連結。
六、鼓勵及創造不同國家員工之交流。外商公司當地化,尊重並培養當地
人才。
七、適任的知識統籌員發揮知識中心(hub) 的功能,強化企業內部知識的
流通。
八、適當的競賽有助於知識分享。鼓勵良性的競爭並強化最佳實務及經驗
在公司內部交流及被善用,建立典範,培養學習型組織。
參考文獻 1. Argote L., Bill McEvily, Ray Reagans (2003), Managing
Knowledge in Organizations: An Integrative Framework and
Review of Emerging Themes, Management Science Vol.49, No.4,
pp. 571-582.
2. Arrow, K. J. (1969). Classification notes on the production
and transmission of technical knowledge, American Economic
Review; Paper and Proceedings, 52, pp.29-35.
3. Borgatti, S. P., R. Cross. (2003). A relational view of
information seeking and learning in social networks.
Management Science 49(4), pp.432-445.
4. Bjorkman, I., W. Barner-Rasmussen and Li Li (2004). Managing
knowledge transfer in MNCs: the impact of headquarters
control mechanisms, Journal of International Business
Studies 35, pp.443-455.
5. Bresman, H., Birkinshaw, J., Nobel R.(1999), Knowledge
transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of
International Business Studies, 30(3): pp.439-462.
6. Brown, R.B. & M. J. Woodland (1999), Managing Konwledge
Wisely: A case Study in Organizational Behavior, Journal of
Applied Management Studies, 8(2), pp.175-198.
7. Daft, R. L. & K.E. Weick (1984), Toward a Model of
Organization as Interpretation Systems, Academy of
Management Review, 9, pp. 284-295.
8. Gupta A. K.and V. Govindarajan (2000), Knowledge Flows
Within Multinational Corporations, Strategic Management
Journal, 21: 473-496.
9. Harvey, M., Speier, C. and Novecevic, M.M. (2001). A theory-
based framework for strategic human resource staffing
policies and practices, International Journal of Human
Resource Management 12(6), pp.898-915.
10.Hedlund, G. and Kogut, B. (1993). Managing the MNC: the end
of the missionary era, in: G. Hedlund (ed.) Organization of
Transnational Corporations, Vol.6 in The United Nations
Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge: New York.
11.Kedia B. L. and R. S. Bhagat (1988). Cultural Constraints on
Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for
Research in International and Comparative Management,
Academy of Management Review, Vol.13. No. 4, pp.559-571.
12.Kostova, T (1999). Transnational Transfer of Strategic
Organizational Practices: A Contextual Perspectives”Academy
of Management Review, 24(2): pp.308-324.
13.Martin, J. and Caren, S. (1983). Organizational Culture and
Counterculture: An Uneasy Symbiosis, Organizational
Dynamics, 12(2), pp.56-64.
14.McDermott, R. and O’Dell, C(2001). Overcoming Cultural
Barriers to Sharing Knowledge, Journal of Knowledge
Management, Vol 5, No.1, pp. 76-85.
15.Menon, T., J. Pfeffer. (2003). Valuing internal versus
external knowledge. Management Science. 49(4) pp.497-513.
16.Nielsen, B. and F. Ciabuschi(2003). Siemens ShareNet:
knowledge management in practice”, Business Strategy
Review, Vol 14 Issue 2, pp. 33-40.
17.Nohria, N. and Ghoshal, S. (1994). Differentiated fit and
shared values: alternatives for managing headquarters-
subsidiary relations, Strategy Management Journal 15(6): 491-
503.
18.Nonaka, I.(1994). A dynamic theory of organizational
knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1): 14-37
19.Nonaka,Ikujiro & Hirotaka Takeuchi (1995), The Knowledge-
Creating Company, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.
20.Osterloh M. and Bruno S. Frey (2000). Motivation, Knowledge
Transfer, and Organizational Forms, Organization Science,
Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 538-550.
21.Polanyi, M.(1966). The Tacit Dimension. N. Y.: Anchor
Doubleday Books.
22.Porter, M. E.(1985), Competitive Advantage, Free Press: New
York.
23.Simonin, B. L. (1999), Ambiguity and the process of
knowledge transfer in strategic alliances. Strategic
Management Journal, 20: pp.595-623.
24.Subramaniam M. and N. Venkatraman (2001). Determinants of
Transnational New Product Development Capability: Testing
The Influence oF Transferring And Deploying Tacit Overseas
Knowledge, Strategic Management Journal, 22, pp. 359-378.
25.Szulanski G (1996), Exploring Internal Stickiness:
Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice Within the
Firm, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, pp.27-43.
26.Teece, D. (1977). Technology transfer by multinational
corporations: The resource cost of transferring
technological know-how, Economical Journal, pp. 242-261.
27.Van Maanen, J. and E. H. Schein (1979). Toward a theory of
organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (ed.), Research
in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 1. JAI Press, Greenwich,
CT, pp. 209-264.
28.von Hippel, E. (1994). Sticky Information and the locus of
problem solving: Implications for innovation, Management
Science, 40(4), pp. 429-439.
1. 于卓民 (2000),國際企業環境與管理,華泰出版,pp. 221-235.。
2. 比爾蓋茲著/樂為良譯(1999),數位神經系統,商周出版,pp.227-
250. 。
3. 林于荻(2001),組織文化如何影響知識分享之探索性研究,東吳大學
企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
4. 河野豐弘著/彭德中譯(1990),改造企業文化:如何使企業展現活力,
遠流出版社。
5. 洪如珊(2002),探討多國籍企業組織內部知識移轉機制之移轉效果,
國立中央大學人力資源管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
6. 洪國堅 (2002),台灣大陸母子公司間知識移轉與知識吸收之研究,東
吳大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
7. 胡毓如(2003),個人暨企業文化因素與企業知識分享之關係探討,成
功大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
8. 夏侯欣鵬 (2002),知識分享管道之研究,全球化經營策略論壇-第三
次論文發表會。
9. 郭啟仁(2001),知識分享與組織學習關聯性之研究,義守大學企業管
理研究所未出版碩士論文。
10.黃素怡 (2003),知識特性,教受者和接受者的經驗對知識移轉績效影
響之研究-以台商對中國大陸投資為例,國立政治大學國際貿易研究所
未出版碩士論文。
11.許健輝(2002),知識模糊性與知識接受可能性在知識移轉過程中所扮
演角色之探討,國立台灣科技大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
12.陳忠仁、張慶源 (2002),高科技廠商利用策略聯盟進行知識移轉影響
因素之研究,科學管理學刊,第七卷第一期:37-60。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
90932120
94
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090932120
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 譚丹琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳宏智zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 吳宏智zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2005en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 14:45:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 14:45:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 14:45:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090932120en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35331-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90932120zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文在探討多國籍企業知識分享的機制及企業內部環境對知識分享的影響,以個案研究的方法針對美商3M與德商Degussa兩個大型的跨國企業進行訪談。從研究中發現,企業內知識分享的平台、企業文化、駐外經理、激勵制度以及處理衝突的機制等等皆會影響企業內知識分享工作的成效。

在高度競爭的全球化市場,如何創造差異化以及強化核心競爭力是現今企業非常迫切的課題。二十一世紀的產業競爭已從成本、產品導向轉變為服務與知識的競爭。 本研究的中心議題──建立有利於知識分享的機制及企業環境,是一個值得企業深思與努力的課題。筆者從研究中發現,一企業若能努力做好下列建議的工作,必可在知識分享工作中獲得較佳的成效。

一、建立完善的知識分享平台以提昇知識分享的效率。
二、增進員工之間的交流,人際網絡的建立,有助於內隱知識的分享。
三、致力提高員工的向心力,打造公司同仁共同認同的企業文化,企業價
值。
四、建立公平的績效評估制度以避免員工間潛在的衝突並建立解決衝突的
機制。
五、在適當,適時鼓勵員工在知識分享上的貢獻並將此貢獻與績效考核相
連結。
六、鼓勵及創造不同國家員工之交流。外商公司當地化,尊重並培養當地
人才。
七、適任的知識統籌員發揮知識中心(hub) 的功能,強化企業內部知識的
流通。
八、適當的競賽有助於知識分享。鼓勵良性的競爭並強化最佳實務及經驗
在公司內部交流及被善用,建立典範,培養學習型組織。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 …………………………………………… 2
第一節 研究背景及動機…………………………………2
第二節 研究目的…………………………………………4

第二章 文獻探討 …………………………………………5
第一節 知識特性與知識分享……………………………5
第二節 影響知識分享的因素 …………………… ……7

第三章 研究方法 …………………………………………17
第一節 個案選取………………………… ………………17
第二節 資料蒐集來源………………… …………………18

第四章 個案分析 …………………………………………19
第一節 3M Taiwan (台灣明尼蘇達礦業股份有限公司) 19
第二節 Degussa AG (德國德固薩股份有限公司) ……30

第五章 結果分析與彙整 …………………………………41
第一節 知識分享機制與環境的彙整及分析 ……………41
第二節 知識分享機制與環境之建立…………… ………55

第六章 結論與建議…………………………… …………62
第一節 結論………………… ……… ……… …………62
第二節 管理的建議……………… ………………………64
第三節 研究限制及未來研究方向………………… ……66

參考文獻 …………… ………………………………………67
英文文獻 …………………………………………………67
中文文獻 …………………………………………………70

附錄-公司個案訪談的問卷……………………… …………71
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090932120en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識分享zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識分享的平台zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 駐外經理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 激勵制度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 處理衝突的機制zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 從企業機制及內部環境研究跨國公司知識分享實務, 以美商3M及德商Degussa公司為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Argote L., Bill McEvily, Ray Reagans (2003), Managingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Knowledge in Organizations: An Integrative Framework andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Review of Emerging Themes, Management Science Vol.49, No.4,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) pp. 571-582.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Arrow, K. J. (1969). Classification notes on the productionzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) and transmission of technical knowledge, American Economiczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Review; Paper and Proceedings, 52, pp.29-35.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Borgatti, S. P., R. Cross. (2003). A relational view ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) information seeking and learning in social networks.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management Science 49(4), pp.432-445.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Bjorkman, I., W. Barner-Rasmussen and Li Li (2004). Managingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) knowledge transfer in MNCs: the impact of headquarterszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) control mechanisms, Journal of International Businesszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Studies 35, pp.443-455.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Bresman, H., Birkinshaw, J., Nobel R.(1999), Knowledgezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) transfer in international acquisitions. Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) International Business Studies, 30(3): pp.439-462.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Brown, R.B. & M. J. Woodland (1999), Managing Konwledgezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wisely: A case Study in Organizational Behavior, Journal ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Applied Management Studies, 8(2), pp.175-198.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Daft, R. L. & K.E. Weick (1984), Toward a Model ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organization as Interpretation Systems, Academy ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management Review, 9, pp. 284-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Gupta A. K.and V. Govindarajan (2000), Knowledge Flowszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Within Multinational Corporations, Strategic Managementzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Journal, 21: 473-496.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Harvey, M., Speier, C. and Novecevic, M.M. (2001). A theory-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) based framework for strategic human resource staffingzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) policies and practices, International Journal of Humanzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Resource Management 12(6), pp.898-915.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10.Hedlund, G. and Kogut, B. (1993). Managing the MNC: the endzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of the missionary era, in: G. Hedlund (ed.) Organization ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Transnational Corporations, Vol.6 in The United Nationszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Library on Transnational Corporations, Routledge: New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11.Kedia B. L. and R. S. Bhagat (1988). Cultural Constraints onzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications forzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Research in International and Comparative Management,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Academy of Management Review, Vol.13. No. 4, pp.559-571.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12.Kostova, T (1999). Transnational Transfer of Strategiczh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Organizational Practices: A Contextual Perspectives”Academyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) of Management Review, 24(2): pp.308-324.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13.Martin, J. and Caren, S. (1983). Organizational Culture andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Counterculture: An Uneasy Symbiosis, Organizationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dynamics, 12(2), pp.56-64.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14.McDermott, R. and O’Dell, C(2001). Overcoming Culturalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barriers to Sharing Knowledge, Journal of Knowledgezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Management, Vol 5, No.1, pp. 76-85.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15.Menon, T., J. Pfeffer. (2003). Valuing internal versuszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) external knowledge. Management Science. 49(4) pp.497-513.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16.Nielsen, B. and F. Ciabuschi(2003). Siemens ShareNet:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) knowledge management in practice”, Business Strategyzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Review, Vol 14 Issue 2, pp. 33-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17.Nohria, N. and Ghoshal, S. (1994). Differentiated fit andzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) shared values: alternatives for managing headquarters-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) subsidiary relations, Strategy Management Journal 15(6): 491-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 503.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18.Nonaka, I.(1994). A dynamic theory of organizationalzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1): 14-37zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19.Nonaka,Ikujiro & Hirotaka Takeuchi (1995), The Knowledge-zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Creating Company, N.Y.: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20.Osterloh M. and Bruno S. Frey (2000). Motivation, Knowledgezh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Transfer, and Organizational Forms, Organization Science,zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 538-550.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21.Polanyi, M.(1966). The Tacit Dimension. N. Y.: Anchorzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Doubleday Books.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22.Porter, M. E.(1985), Competitive Advantage, Free Press: Newzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23.Simonin, B. L. (1999), Ambiguity and the process ofzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) knowledge transfer in strategic alliances. Strategiczh_TW
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