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題名 技術商品化組織內機制探討
作者 楊慶昌
Yang,Chiang-Chang
貢獻者 溫肇東
楊慶昌
Yang,Chiang-Chang
關鍵詞 技術商品化
商品化模式
智慧資本管理
日期 2004
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 14:49:48 (UTC+8)
摘要 『要如何將科技研發技術商品化』是國際間運用科技成果帶動經濟發展最重要的議題,本研究目的即在透過文獻探討及個案研究從對下列三議題的研究:
一、『研發技術商品化』的推動行之有年,然而,聯結『技術價值』與『經濟價值』間的環節為何?
二、智慧資本管理如何有效協助『研發技術商品化』?
三、透過個案研究實証,值得借鏡的做法為何?
探討技術成果商品化的機制。
從文獻的探討,本研究獲得許多學者專家曾提出精闢的看法,並從這些看法中歸納出對『技術商品化組織內機制』的評論與建議,後續並透過對British Technology Group(BTG)的案例研究,驗證實施的可行性。

本研究重要結論如下:
一、利用科技成果帶動經濟發展,近年來成為先進國家重要經濟發展策,『研發技術商品化』仍然有很大的調整空間。
二、技術商品化是一連串複雜的加值過程,透過商品化模式可將技術價值與經濟價值聯結聯結。
三、智慧資本為企業帶來價值,同時為達成技術商品化模式提供競爭策略決策分析。
四、目前大學與研究機構在流程上缺乏以『商品化模式』聯結『技術價值』與『經濟價值』。從文獻回顧,大學與研究機構除擁有技術和專利外,已逐步開始建立社群網脈,從經營觀點來看,專業人力仍是最大的弱點。

關鍵辭:技術商品化、商品化模式、智慧資本管理
In order to have a competitive economic growth, “how to turn the value from R&D technology to knowledge-based economy” becomes one of the most important issue of multi-nations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of how to commercialize the R&D technologies.

There are three following topics will be studied by the methods of articles review and case study to explore the mechanism :

1.What is the gap from transferring the technology value to economic value?

2.How intellectual capital management help technology commercialization?

3.What we learned from the benchmark case after studied?

Many profound articles of technology commercialization from those named scholars has been reviewed and summarized into this study as references. The British Technology Group (BTG) was choused as the benchmark of feasibility case, based on its pioneered and experienced performance.

The conclusions of this study are:

1.There are still have many space available for increasing competitive economic value by building up the mechanism of commercialization of R&D technology.

2.”Technology commercialization” is a series of complex value-added process. “Business Model” plays the bridging role linking the “technology value” and “economic value” during the processing.

3.”Intellectual capital management system” provide strategic analysis for competitive business model decision on technology commercialization process.

4.Currently, business model still not play the bridging role between technology value and economic value for most University and R&D institute during the technology commercialization processing. However, from the articles review, some universities and R&D institutes are starting to build up the technology commercialization network will be good for the business promotion, and the most week point for those organization still lock on the shortage of experienced manpower.

Key Word: Technology Commercialization, Business Model, Intellectual Capital Management
參考文獻 一、中文部份
1.國科會(1990,1997,2004年版),中華民國科學技術統計要覽。
2.任曙(2003),『旅行業核心資源與經營策略之研究』,碩士論文,朝陽科技大學休閒事業管理系,台中。
3.陳佩佩(2001),影響新事業技術商品化與績效相關因素之研究--以高科技產業為例。
4.陳怡之(1996),我國廠商技術移轉需求與特性分析。
5.陳怡之、郭明宗(1999),智慧財產權之衍生研究技術商品化問題之研究,智慧產權,182-192頁。
6.馮震宇撰(1995),技術移轉之類型及其比較,工業財產權與標準,106頁。
7.黃俊英、劉江彬(1999),智慧財產權的法律與管理二版,華泰事業。
8.劉江彬(1995),『美國大學及研究機構技術移轉之模式與成效』,跨世紀產業發展中之智慧財產權研討會論文集,經濟部,134-151頁。
9.劉江彬、孫遠釗(1998),『美國大學及研究機構專利運用績效之表達』,工研院。
10.行政院國家科學委員會簡報(20048.31),”民間與政府投入研發經費之探討”。
二、英文部份
1. Allen, M.,( 2001),”A Review of Best Practices in University Technology Licensing Offices”,The Journal of the Association of University Technology Managers, Vol.XIII,pp.57-69,
2.Andonian,J,k., (1991),”New Method to Determine Royalty Rates”,Les Nouvelles ,pp.58-60,
3.Applegate,L.M.;Austin,R.D.& McFarlan,F.W., (2003),”Corporate information strategy & management”(6th ed),New York, McGraw Hill-Irwin..
4.AUTM (2001,2002,2003,2004),AUTM Licensing Survey,
5.Baclawski,J.E., (1997),”How University Research Benefits the USA”, Industry and Higher Education, Vol 11,No.4, pp. 255-257
6.Bary,M.J.;Lee,J.N.(2000), “University Revenues from Technology Transfer:Licensing Feesvs. Equity Position”, Journal of Business Venture, Vol.15, Sep., pp.385-392
7.Bidault,F., (1989),Technology Pricing-From Principal to Strategy, Translated by Page,Brian and Sherwood, Peter,St. Martins Press, New York.
8.Bontis,N., (1999),”Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: framing and advancing the state of the field”, International Journal of Technology Management,Vol.18, No.5/6/7/8, ,pp.433-462
9.Branson, L., (1966), “Transfer of International Knowledge by International Corporation to Developing Countries”, American Economic Review, Paper and Proceeding S. Vol.56, May., pp.259-267,
10.Brody, H., (2001), “The TR University Research Scorecard”,
Http//:www.technologyoverview.com/magazine/sep01
11.Booth, R.., (1998),”The measurement of intellectual capital”, Management Accounting, Vol.76, No. 10, Nov. pp.26-28
12.Brooking, A., (1996), Intellectual Capital, London: International Thomason Business Press,
9.BTG,(1998,1999.2000.2001.2002,2003,2004),Annual Report,
10.BTG ,(1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004),Interim Report,
11.BTG,(1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004),Prelimary Results,
12.Chesbrough, H.;Rosenbloom,R.S.,( 2002),”The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation:evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies”,Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol.11,No.3, pp.529-555
13.Churchwell, T.L.,(1999)”The ARCH Development Corporation Process for Commercialization of Technology from Research Institution” Industry of Higher Education,Vol. 13,No.6, pp412-415
14. Contractor, F. J., (1981),”The Role Licensing International strategy”, Columbia Journal of World Business, pp.73-83
15.Cooper, R.G. and More, R.A., (1979), “Modular risk. management: an applied example.”, R&D Management, Vol.9, No.2, pp.93–100.
16.Davies, H., (1977), “Technology Transfer through Commercial Transfer Transaction”, J. of Industrial Economics, December.
17.Dzinkowski, R. (2000). The measurement and management of intellectual
capital: An introduction. Management Accounting (February): pp.32-36.
18.Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M., (1997),” Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding its Hidden Brainpower”, New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc.,.
19.Goldsmith, R., (1999),Technology Commercialization Model.
20.Grummer.L., (1998),”Strategic Consideration in the Commercialization of Technology”,Circuits & Device, pp55-56.
21.Harrison,S.;Sullivan,P., (2000),”Profiting from Intellectual Capital-Learning from leading companies”,J. of Intellectual Capital,Vol.1, No.1,pp.33-46
22.Harvey,I., (2003),”Taking IP to market the BTG way”,Intellectual Asset Management,Nov./Dec.,pp.16-22.
23. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/technology
24.Jenkins S, Forbes S, Durrani TS & Banerjee SK., (1997), “Managing the product. development process”, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol.13, No.4, pp.359-378.
25. Jolly, V. K., (1997),”Commercializing New Technology”,Harvard Business School Press
26.Karlsson, M., (2004).”Commercialization of Research Results in The United States-An Overview of Federal and Academia Technology Transfer”, A Report Commissioned by the Swedish Ministry of Education and Science, U2001/467/F, Swedish Institute for Growth Policy Studies,ITPS, Embassy of Sweden,Washington D.C.
27.Kolter, P., (1984), Marketing E., Chapter 10, Prentic-Hall, Inc.
28.Magretta,J., (2002),”Why Business Model Matter”,Harvard Business Review, R0205F,May.
29.Mansfield, E., (1983),” International Technology Transfer: forms,resource requirements and policies”, Technological Transfer, Vol. 65, No.2 pp.372-377
30.Martino, J.P., (1996),” The Role of University Research Institutes in Technology Transfer”, Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 10,No.5, pp.316-320
31.Morgan, R.P.;Strickland,D.E., (2001),”US University Research Contributions to Industry: Findings and Conjectures”,Science and Public Policy,Vol.28,No.2, pp. 113-121.
32.Nelsen,L.,( 2000),”Strategyand Tactics for Technology Licensing”, Taiwan Licensing Seminar, Taiwan, Jan.
33.OECD(2004),Main Science and Technology Indicators
34.Porter M.,( 2001), Harvard Business Review, March,pp.63-68
35. R&D Funding Forcast(2004),R&D Magazine, pp.F1,January
36.Rappert, B., (1997), “University Spin-Offs in the Commercialization of Research”, Industry and Higher Education
37.Seddon,P.B.;Lewis,G.P. (2003),”Strategy and Business Models: What’s the Difference?”,7th Pacific Asia Conference on Information System,, Adelaide, South Australia,pp.236-248
38.Schein J., (2004), “The Role of the Business Model and Strategy for Business”,http://www.articlesfactory.com
39.Steward, T.A., (1994),”Your company’s most valuable asset: Intellectual capital: Fortune, Oct., pp.68-74
40.Teece,D., (1977),”Technology Transfer by Multinational Firm: the resource cost of transferring technology know-how”, The Economic Journal, Vol.87, pp.242-261..
41.Teece, D., (1986),”Profiting from Technology Innovation”, Research Policy, Vol.15, No.6,pp.285-305
42.Weill, P. & Vitale,M.R.,(2001),”Place to Space-Migrating to eBusiness Models”,Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation,USA.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
90932921
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090932921
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 溫肇東zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊慶昌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Yang,Chiang-Changen_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊慶昌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Yang,Chiang-Changen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 14:49:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 14:49:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 14:49:48 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090932921en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35361-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90932921zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 『要如何將科技研發技術商品化』是國際間運用科技成果帶動經濟發展最重要的議題,本研究目的即在透過文獻探討及個案研究從對下列三議題的研究:
一、『研發技術商品化』的推動行之有年,然而,聯結『技術價值』與『經濟價值』間的環節為何?
二、智慧資本管理如何有效協助『研發技術商品化』?
三、透過個案研究實証,值得借鏡的做法為何?
探討技術成果商品化的機制。
從文獻的探討,本研究獲得許多學者專家曾提出精闢的看法,並從這些看法中歸納出對『技術商品化組織內機制』的評論與建議,後續並透過對British Technology Group(BTG)的案例研究,驗證實施的可行性。

本研究重要結論如下:
一、利用科技成果帶動經濟發展,近年來成為先進國家重要經濟發展策,『研發技術商品化』仍然有很大的調整空間。
二、技術商品化是一連串複雜的加值過程,透過商品化模式可將技術價值與經濟價值聯結聯結。
三、智慧資本為企業帶來價值,同時為達成技術商品化模式提供競爭策略決策分析。
四、目前大學與研究機構在流程上缺乏以『商品化模式』聯結『技術價值』與『經濟價值』。從文獻回顧,大學與研究機構除擁有技術和專利外,已逐步開始建立社群網脈,從經營觀點來看,專業人力仍是最大的弱點。

關鍵辭:技術商品化、商品化模式、智慧資本管理
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In order to have a competitive economic growth, “how to turn the value from R&D technology to knowledge-based economy” becomes one of the most important issue of multi-nations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of how to commercialize the R&D technologies.

There are three following topics will be studied by the methods of articles review and case study to explore the mechanism :

1.What is the gap from transferring the technology value to economic value?

2.How intellectual capital management help technology commercialization?

3.What we learned from the benchmark case after studied?

Many profound articles of technology commercialization from those named scholars has been reviewed and summarized into this study as references. The British Technology Group (BTG) was choused as the benchmark of feasibility case, based on its pioneered and experienced performance.

The conclusions of this study are:

1.There are still have many space available for increasing competitive economic value by building up the mechanism of commercialization of R&D technology.

2.”Technology commercialization” is a series of complex value-added process. “Business Model” plays the bridging role linking the “technology value” and “economic value” during the processing.

3.”Intellectual capital management system” provide strategic analysis for competitive business model decision on technology commercialization process.

4.Currently, business model still not play the bridging role between technology value and economic value for most University and R&D institute during the technology commercialization processing. However, from the articles review, some universities and R&D institutes are starting to build up the technology commercialization network will be good for the business promotion, and the most week point for those organization still lock on the shortage of experienced manpower.

Key Word: Technology Commercialization, Business Model, Intellectual Capital Management
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄 頁碼
第一章 緒論 01
第一節 研究背景與動機 01
第二節 研究目的 02
第二章 文獻探討 03
引 言 03
第一節 研究背景回顧 04
第二節 大學與研究機構技術商品化 08
第三節 技術商品化的理論 12
第四節 商品化模式與競爭策略在技術商品化的角色 25
第五節 智慧資本管理與技術商品化 32
第六節 文獻小結 42
第三章 研究方法 46
第一節 個案研究方法與資料收集方式 46
第二節 研究流程 48
第三節 研究架構 49
第四章 企業經營技術商品化案例 50
第一節 案例背景 50
第二節 British Technology Group(BTG)公司 55
第三節 研究發現與討論 87
第五章 結論與建議 91
第一節 研究結論 91
第二節 研究限制 94
第三節 研究建議 95
參考文獻 97


圖目錄 頁碼
圖1、1984-2004年美國專利申請數統計 05
圖2、1984-2004年美國專利獲得數統計 05
圖3、台灣R&D支出占GDP比重1980年-2003年 07
圖4、技術到市場的商業化過程 15
圖5、新技術推廣策略的主要部分 18
圖6、技術商業化的一般方法 19
圖7、商品開發過程-決策階段模式 23
圖8、典型步驟/閘門(審核)程序 24
圖9、商品化模式在技術商業化過程扮演的角色 26
圖10、Skandia 市場價值架構圖 33
圖11、智慧資本的概念圖 34
圖12、智慧資本及其主要內含 37
圖13、企業的願景、策略與智慧資本的關聯 38
圖14、企業智慧資產管理系統 40
圖15、研究流程 48
圖16、研究架構 49
圖17、BTG組織架構 55
圖18、BTG重點領域調整 57
圖19、BTG的整體業務 58
圖20、策略營運單位營運模式 59
圖21、BTG技術商品化流程 60
圖22、技術發掘/購併流程 61
圖23、技術商品化機會評估流程 62
圖24、市場潛力與機會強度分析 64
圖25、技術開發機制 67
圖26:投資、風險/報酬與技術商品化 68
圖27:BTG核心能力 69
圖28:Primaxis公司運作機制 72
圖29:BTG上市後股價走勢 83
圖30:BTG上市後股價走勢(續) 83
圖31:BTG上市後股價走勢(續) 84
圖32、BTG的商品化模式結合智慧資產決策系統概念圖 88
圖33、BTG的商品化模式結合智慧資產決策系統 88




















表目錄 頁碼
表1 研發經費佔國民生產毛額百分比 04
表2、1994-2003年美國大學及研究機構研發經費與授權收入統計 06
表3、1991-2004年台灣在美國之專利申請與獲證統計 07
表4、技術應用於商品的展示步驟 17
表5、Goldsmith技術商品化流程 22
表6、各學者對智慧資本之觀點彙整 32
表7、Dzinkowski智慧資本的要素表 35
表8、企業從智慧資本獲得的價值 37
表9、企業智慧資本的角色 39
表10、BTG重要發展里程碑 54
表11、機會篩選工具(OST)-分類 63
表12、初步機會強度指標 63
表13、機會初評產出範例 64
表14、商品化機會分析 65
表15、BTG個案加值計畫重點 65
表16、個案細部評估範例 66
表17、BTG主要技術來源機構 73
表18、BTG技術商品化主導案例扮演的角色 80
表19、BTG股權與市值 81
表20、1995至2004總營收表 85
表21、1995年上市後新增營收 85
表22、1995年至2004年營運損益 86
表22、1999年至2004年BTG累計投資Provensis案金額 86
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090932921en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 技術商品化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 商品化模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 智慧資本管理zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 技術商品化組織內機制探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.國科會(1990,1997,2004年版),中華民國科學技術統計要覽。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2.任曙(2003),『旅行業核心資源與經營策略之研究』,碩士論文,朝陽科技大學休閒事業管理系,台中。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3.陳佩佩(2001),影響新事業技術商品化與績效相關因素之研究--以高科技產業為例。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4.陳怡之(1996),我國廠商技術移轉需求與特性分析。zh_TW
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