Publications-Theses

題名 銀行併購後經營績效之個案研究-以英國蘇格蘭皇家銀行與國民西敏寺銀行併購案為例
作者 呂子立
貢獻者 江永裕
呂子立
關鍵詞 併購
併購綜效
國際整合
價值創造
事件研究法
金融集團
惡意併購
友善併購
聚焦式併購
日期 2007
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 15:06:27 (UTC+8)
摘要 在經濟全球化、自由化與網路事業發達的趨勢影響之下,近年來金融國際化亦加速發展,各先進國家之銀行產業無不積極擴展海外事業版圖,同時世界各國亦逐步開放其國內金融市場,吸引外國金融機構直接投資,以增加其金融產業競爭力。在因應二十一世紀全球化競爭快速發展之際,歐洲銀行業紛紛藉由國內併購及跨國併購方式以增強其競爭能力。為因應全球金融風暴衝擊或區域性金融風險波及,世界各國金融業者也藉由私募方式趁機在亞洲、拉丁美洲與俄羅斯收購投資標的,藉以低價取得價值被低估資產,擴大其區域營運規模,進而強化客戶網絡關係。
本論文研究主題為歐洲銀行業併購後經營績效之探討,採用財務比率、併購動機及經營績效分析其成功的因素。本論文個案研究為英國蘇格蘭皇家銀行(Royal Bank of Scotland)併購國民西敏寺銀行(National Westminster Bank)之案例,此案例為『以小併大』的案例(併購時國民西敏寺銀行約為蘇格蘭皇家銀行的三倍規模大),且創下當時英國銀行史上金額最大的併購案。
本論文案例以併購活動對股價之影響、併購前後三年之財務績效及併購後的營運績效,予以比較分析。本案例研究結果,就國民西敏寺銀行股東而言,雖然蘇格蘭皇家銀行付出併購溢價(PremIum)但因併購綜效的發揮,得以有效增加其股東之財富;蘇格蘭皇也由名不見經傳的小銀行,擠身為英國第二大銀行,並為其後各項鉅額之併購案,建立堅實的基礎與經驗。
This research investigates the motivations and consequences of a banking merger case - the 1999 merger between Royal Bank of Scotland and National Westminster Bank in the UK, an apparently successful case. Accounting financial ratios and post-merger stock price trends are used to evaluate post-merger performance and we also investigate the sources of synergies by comparing the ratios of pre-merger and post-merger time windows of 3 years. We conclude that the case is successful both in terms of providing a significant bid premium to National Westminster Bank’s shareholders and in terms of the excess returns and improved financial performance of Royal Bank of Scotland /National Westminster Bank over the post-merger period. In addition, the success of this M&A deal can be attributed to Royal Bank of Scotland’ insightful business strategies including focus merger, the strategic goals in line with the takeover motives, accurate estimates of the gains and costs of acquacquisition and, fully exploiting the synergies from the merger, and brand awareness strategy.
參考文獻 中文部分
財政部儲委會金融小組(2004),「金融集團監理重要議題之比較研
究」。王文宇(2001),「控股公司與金融控股公司法」,元照出版有限公司
曾令寧、黃仁德、鐘建屏(2002),「金融控股公司監理之研究」,行政院經濟建設委員會委託計畫。
袁顥庭(2003),「亞洲銀行業跨國併購之研究」,政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
呂桂玲、方慧娟、李榮謙(2001),「國際間金融整合之發展、問題與啟示」,國際金融參考資料,第47輯。

英文部分
Akhavein, J.D., Berger, A. N. and Humphrey, D.B. (1997). The Effects of Megamergers on Eefficiency and Prices : Evidence from a Bank Profit Function. FEDS Paper [online]. 97(9). Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=8296. [Accessed 27th July 2007].
Altunbas Y., Ibáñez, D. M. (2004). Mergers and acquisitions and bank performance in Europe: the role of strategic similarities. ECB working paper no. 398.
Andrade, G and Stafford, E. (1999) Investigating the Economic Role of Mergers.[online] Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=47264. [Accessed 26th July 2007].
Asquith, P. (1983 ) Merger Bids, Uncertainty, and Stockholder Returns. Journal of Financial Economics 11:1-4, pp. 51-83.
Barnes, P. (1984) The Effect of a Merger on the Share Price of the Attacker, Revisited. Accounting & Business Research. 15-57, (Winter) PP. 45-49.
BBC(2000) Special Report : Battle for National Westminster Bank [online] Available from:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/621211.stm
Berger, A., DeYoung, R.( 2001) The effects of Geographic Expansion on Bank Efficiency. Journal of Financial, Services Research 19 (2), 163–184.
Berkovitch, E., Narayanan, M.P. (1993) Motives for takeovers: an empirical investigation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 23(3), pp.347-62.
BIS (2001). Group of Ten. REPORT On Consolidation In The Financial Sector,Data Annex A pp.335-459 IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR,Data Annex A.
Bradley, M., Desai, A. and Kim, E. H., (1988) Synergistic Gains from Corporate Acquisitions and Their Division between the Stockholders of Target and Acquiring Firms. Journal of Financial Economics. 21, PP.3-40.
Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. and Allen, F. (2005) Principal of Corporate Finance. (8th edition). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Brouthers, K.D., van Hastenburg, P., van den Ven, J. (1998). If most mergers fail., why are they so popular? Long Range Planning. 31(3), pp.347-54.
Business Insights,Mergers And Acquisitions In European Financial Services,pp.47-49
Campa, J.M., Hernando, I., (2006). M&A"s performance in the European financial industry. Journal of Banking & Finance. 30, pp.3367-3392 .
Capener, C. R. (1998) M&AMin China Comes of Age. China Business Review. 25(4), pp.14-20.
DeLong, G. (2001) Stockholder gains from focusing versus diversifying bank mergers. Journal of Financial Economics 59, 221–252.
DePamphilis, D. M. (2005) Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Restructuring Activities: An Integrated Approach to Process, Tools, Cases, and Solutions. 3rd edition. Boston: Elsevier Academic Press.
DeYoung, R., Genay, H., Udell, G.F. (2000) Globalization of Financial Institutions: Evidence fromCross-Border Banking Performance. The Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services. 3, pp. 23–158.
Dietrich Domanski (2005), "Foreign banks in emerging market economies: changing players, changing issues" ,BIS Quarterly Review, December 2005。
Eccles R, G., Lanes K. L., and Wilson, T. C. (1999). Are you paying too much for that acquisition? Harvard Business Review
European Central Bank( 2000) Mergers and Acquisitions involving the EU Banking Institutions: Facts and Implications. European Central Bank, Frankfurt, December.
Faccio, M. and Masulis, R. W. (2005) The Choice of Payment Method in European Mergers and Acquisitions. Journal of Finance. 60 (3), pp. 1345-1388.
Figueira, C., Nellis, J. and Schoenberg , R. (2007) Travel abroad or stay at home? Investigating the patterns of bank industry M&A"s in the EU. European Business Review. 19(1), pp. 23-39.
Firth, M. (1980) Takeovers, Shareholder Returns, and the Theory of the Firm. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 94(2), pp.235-260.
Gort, M.(1969) An Economics Disturbance Theory of Mergers. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 83(4), pp. 624-642.
Harrison ,J. S., Hall, E. H., and Nargundkar R. (1993), Resource allocation as an outcropping of strategic consistency: performance implications. Academy of Management Journal 36, pp. 1026-1051
Hayward, M. L., and Hambrick, D. C.(1997) Explaining Premium Paid for Large Acquisitions: Evidence of CEO Hubris. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), pp. 103-127.
Heron, R. and Lie, E, (2002) Operating Performance and the Method of Payment in Takeovers. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. pp.137-155.
Higson, C. and Elliott, J. (1998) Post-takeover returns: The UK evidence. Journal of Empirical Finance. 5-1, pp. 27-46.
Houston, J., James, C., Ryngaert, M.( 2001) Where do merger gains come from? Bank mergers from the perspective of insiders and outsiders. Journal of Financial Economics 60,pp 285–331.
Ingham, H., Kran, I., Lovestam, A. (1992) Mergers and profitability: a managerial success story? Journal of Management Studies 29(2), pp.195-208.
Jensen, M. C., and Ruback, R. S. (1983) “The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence,” Journal of Financial Economics, 11:1-4, pp. 5-50.
Jensen, M. C., and Meckling, W. H.(1976) Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics. 3(4), pp.303-360.
Lev, B. (1983) Managerial incentives in mergers and their effect on shareholder wealth. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 1, pp.29-35.
Lewellen, W. G.(1971) A Pure Financial Rational for the Conglomerate Merger Journal of Finance. (26), pp. 521-537.
Limmack, R. J. (1991) Corporate Mergers and Shareholder Wealth Effects: 1977-1986. Accounting & Business Research. 91, 21-83, pp 239-251.
Mueller, D. C.(1972) A Life Cycle Theory of the Firm. Journal of Industrial Economics. 20(3), pp. 199-219.
Myers, S. C. and Majluf, N. S. (1984) Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have. Journal of Financial Economics. 13(2), pp. 187-221.
Porter, M.E. (1980) Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free press.
Price Water House Coopers(2007) Financial Services:Financial Services M&A Going for growth in Europe
Raj, M., and Forsyth, M(2002) UK Horizontal Takeovers and Bidder Gains. Working Paper,2002.
Ramaswamy, K. (1997) The performance impact of strategic similarity in horizontal mergers: evidence from the U.S. banking industry. Academy of Managemen Journal 40(3), pp. 697-715.
ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND(2007) public documents on its website. [online] Available from:http://www.investors.Royal Bank of Scotland.com/investor_relations/financial_info/National Westminster Bank_info.cfm [accessed 15th July 2007]
Robert, W. M. (2002 ) Impact of HMO Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Performance. Journal of Health Care Finance 29,(2), pp. 64-77.
Roll, R. (1986) The hubris hypothesis of corporate takeovers. Journal of Business. 59(2), pp.197-216.
Ross, S.A. (1977) The determinants of financial structure: The incentive-
signaling approach. The Bell Journal of Economics. 8 (1), pp. 23-40.
Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. W. (2003) Stock market driven acquisitions.
Journal of Financial Economics. 70(3), pp. 295-311.
Sudarsanam, S. and Mahate, A. A. (2003) Glamour Acquirers, Method of Payment and Post-acquisition Performance: The UK Evidence. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting. 30(2), pp. 299-341.
Sudarsanam, S., Holl, P. and Salami, A. (1996) Shareholder Wealth Gains in Mergers: Effect of Synergy and Ownership Structure. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting. 23-5(6), pp. 673-698.
Trautwein, F.(1990) Merger Motives and Merger Prescriptions. Strategic Management Journal. 11( 4), pp. 283-295.
Travlos, N. G. (1987) Corporate Takeover Bids, Methods of Payment, and Bidding Firm`s Stock Returns. Journal of Finance. 42(4), pp. 943-963.
Vives, X. (2000). Lessons from European banking liberalization and integration, in the Internationalization of Financial Services. S. Claessensy M. Jansen, Editors, Kluwer, Law International, pp. 177-198.
Walter, G.A., Barney, J.B. (1990) Management objectives in mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Management Journal. l (11), pp.79-86.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
95932216
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932216
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 江永裕zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂子立zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 呂子立zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 15:06:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 15:06:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 15:06:27 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095932216en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35473-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95932216zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在經濟全球化、自由化與網路事業發達的趨勢影響之下,近年來金融國際化亦加速發展,各先進國家之銀行產業無不積極擴展海外事業版圖,同時世界各國亦逐步開放其國內金融市場,吸引外國金融機構直接投資,以增加其金融產業競爭力。在因應二十一世紀全球化競爭快速發展之際,歐洲銀行業紛紛藉由國內併購及跨國併購方式以增強其競爭能力。為因應全球金融風暴衝擊或區域性金融風險波及,世界各國金融業者也藉由私募方式趁機在亞洲、拉丁美洲與俄羅斯收購投資標的,藉以低價取得價值被低估資產,擴大其區域營運規模,進而強化客戶網絡關係。
本論文研究主題為歐洲銀行業併購後經營績效之探討,採用財務比率、併購動機及經營績效分析其成功的因素。本論文個案研究為英國蘇格蘭皇家銀行(Royal Bank of Scotland)併購國民西敏寺銀行(National Westminster Bank)之案例,此案例為『以小併大』的案例(併購時國民西敏寺銀行約為蘇格蘭皇家銀行的三倍規模大),且創下當時英國銀行史上金額最大的併購案。
本論文案例以併購活動對股價之影響、併購前後三年之財務績效及併購後的營運績效,予以比較分析。本案例研究結果,就國民西敏寺銀行股東而言,雖然蘇格蘭皇家銀行付出併購溢價(PremIum)但因併購綜效的發揮,得以有效增加其股東之財富;蘇格蘭皇也由名不見經傳的小銀行,擠身為英國第二大銀行,並為其後各項鉅額之併購案,建立堅實的基礎與經驗。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research investigates the motivations and consequences of a banking merger case - the 1999 merger between Royal Bank of Scotland and National Westminster Bank in the UK, an apparently successful case. Accounting financial ratios and post-merger stock price trends are used to evaluate post-merger performance and we also investigate the sources of synergies by comparing the ratios of pre-merger and post-merger time windows of 3 years. We conclude that the case is successful both in terms of providing a significant bid premium to National Westminster Bank’s shareholders and in terms of the excess returns and improved financial performance of Royal Bank of Scotland /National Westminster Bank over the post-merger period. In addition, the success of this M&A deal can be attributed to Royal Bank of Scotland’ insightful business strategies including focus merger, the strategic goals in line with the takeover motives, accurate estimates of the gains and costs of acquacquisition and, fully exploiting the synergies from the merger, and brand awareness strategy.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論
第一節 研究背景與動機
第二節 研究目的
第三節 研究範圍與限制
第四節 研究架構
第五節 研究流程
第貳章 文獻探討
第一節 併購理論
第二節 金融業併購之相關實證研究
第叄章 歐洲金融環境概況
第一節 國際金融整合
第二節 歐洲主要國家之金融環境
第三節 歐洲銀行業之併購趨勢
第肆章 研究設計
第一節 研究方法
第二節 財務分析比率之選擇與定義
第三節 經營績效之分析
第四節 資料來源與蒐集
第伍章 研究內容-英國蘇格蘭皇家銀行與國民西敏寺銀行併購案
第一節 歷史背景概述
第二節 併購交易之過程
第三節 併購後之績效衡量
第四節 併購後之效益分析
第陸章 結論與建議
第一節 研究結論
第二節 研究建議
附 錄
參考文獻
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095932216en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 併購zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 併購綜效zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際整合zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 價值創造zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 事件研究法zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金融集團zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 惡意併購zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 友善併購zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聚焦式併購zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 銀行併購後經營績效之個案研究-以英國蘇格蘭皇家銀行與國民西敏寺銀行併購案為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 財政部儲委會金融小組(2004),「金融集團監理重要議題之比較研zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 究」。王文宇(2001),「控股公司與金融控股公司法」,元照出版有限公司zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 曾令寧、黃仁德、鐘建屏(2002),「金融控股公司監理之研究」,行政院經濟建設委員會委託計畫。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 袁顥庭(2003),「亞洲銀行業跨國併購之研究」,政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 呂桂玲、方慧娟、李榮謙(2001),「國際間金融整合之發展、問題與啟示」,國際金融參考資料,第47輯。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Akhavein, J.D., Berger, A. N. and Humphrey, D.B. (1997). The Effects of Megamergers on Eefficiency and Prices : Evidence from a Bank Profit Function. FEDS Paper [online]. 97(9). Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=8296. [Accessed 27th July 2007].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Altunbas Y., Ibáñez, D. M. (2004). Mergers and acquisitions and bank performance in Europe: the role of strategic similarities. ECB working paper no. 398.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Andrade, G and Stafford, E. (1999) Investigating the Economic Role of Mergers.[online] Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=47264. [Accessed 26th July 2007].zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Asquith, P. (1983 ) Merger Bids, Uncertainty, and Stockholder Returns. Journal of Financial Economics 11:1-4, pp. 51-83.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barnes, P. (1984) The Effect of a Merger on the Share Price of the Attacker, Revisited. Accounting & Business Research. 15-57, (Winter) PP. 45-49.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BBC(2000) Special Report : Battle for National Westminster Bank [online] Available from:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/621211.stmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berger, A., DeYoung, R.( 2001) The effects of Geographic Expansion on Bank Efficiency. Journal of Financial, Services Research 19 (2), 163–184.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berkovitch, E., Narayanan, M.P. (1993) Motives for takeovers: an empirical investigation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 23(3), pp.347-62.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) BIS (2001). Group of Ten. REPORT On Consolidation In The Financial Sector,Data Annex A pp.335-459 IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR,Data Annex A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradley, M., Desai, A. and Kim, E. H., (1988) Synergistic Gains from Corporate Acquisitions and Their Division between the Stockholders of Target and Acquiring Firms. Journal of Financial Economics. 21, PP.3-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C. and Allen, F. (2005) Principal of Corporate Finance. (8th edition). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brouthers, K.D., van Hastenburg, P., van den Ven, J. (1998). If most mergers fail., why are they so popular? Long Range Planning. 31(3), pp.347-54.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Business Insights,Mergers And Acquisitions In European Financial Services,pp.47-49zh_TW
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