Publications-Theses

題名 行政組織中團體盲思現象的初探
作者 胡文惠
Hu,Wen-hui
貢獻者 顏良恭
Yen,Liang-kung
胡文惠
Hu,Wen-hui
關鍵詞 團體盲思
行政文化
groupthink
administrative culture
日期 2004
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 15:37:43 (UTC+8)
摘要 團體盲思是指某一個團體因為具有高度的凝聚力,非常強調團結一致的重要性,因此在討論問題時,壓抑了個人獨立思考及判斷的能力,迫使個人放棄批判及提出不同意見的機會,最後使團體產生錯誤或不當的決策後果。由於該現象可能造成相當大的負面影響,又對照團體盲思之成因有若干因素與我國行政文化相符,究竟我國行政機關是否有團體盲思之現象?本文從Janis提出之團體盲思理論著手,依序探討不同途徑、不同學者對該理論的相關研究─將焦點置於變項的選擇以及變項間的影響關係,進而對照我國行政組織文化的特色,提出本研究之假設。實證部分,本文採調查分析方法,針對我國行政組織中的公務人員進行問卷調查,根據所得資料,運用因素分析、積差相關、典型相關以及變異數分析等統計方法加以分析。研究結果顯示,我國行政機關具有兩種團體盲思之類型,團體盲思型一主要是由指導式領導風格和組織認同,導致資訊處理錯誤之症狀;型二則是因團體凝聚力和指導式領導風格,所產生高估團體道德及權威的情形。兩種類型在團體盲思現象的理論上,皆有可以和國外研究相對照比較之處;在實務上,則希望提供行政機關作為改善決策行為之參考,以避免該現象所帶來的負面效果。
參考文獻 吳定
1997 公共政策辭典,台北:五南。
吳定,張潤書,陳德禹,賴維堯編著
2000 行政學〈二〉〈修訂四版〉,臺北:空大。
吳俊霖
1998 從組織文化途徑建構企業型政府之研究:以我國政府再造為例,東海大學公共行政學系碩士學位論文。
林水波
2004 「從團體盲思解析花蓮縣長補選」,立法院院聞,第32期,頁50-60。
林清山
1988 多變項分析統計法,頁325-346,臺北:東華。
1992 心理與教育統計學,頁338-340,臺北:東華。
金耀基譯〈Fred w. Riggs原著〉
1992 行政生態學,臺北:臺灣商務。
姜占魁
1982 行政學,臺北:五南。
姜占魁
1991 組織行為與行政管理,臺北:自版。
馬心韻
1994 「行政生態的理論與運用─試由雷格斯的生態模型淺析台灣地區的行政文化」,警政學報,第25期,頁165-180。
徐瑋伶,鄭伯壎
2002 「組織認同:理論與本質之初步探索分析」,中山管理評論,第十卷第一期,頁48-49。
郭秋永
1995 「邏輯實證論與民主理論:驗證問題的探討」,收錄餘張福建、蘇文流主編,民主理論:古典與現代,頁381,臺北:中研院社科所。
許國進
2002 從群體迷思現象的觀點來探討國內廠商投資大陸之決策過程—以電器電纜業為例,元智大學工業工程與管理學系碩士學位論文。
黃俊英
1988 多變量分析,頁189-207,臺北:中華經濟企業研究所。
黃立雙
2003 領導者型態與時間壓力對群體支援系統輔助成效之影響,國立中正大學資訊管理學系碩士學位論文。
黃光志
2001 團隊迷思模型問卷之發展,大葉大學事業經營研究所碩士學位論文。
黃光國
1989 「因素分析」,收錄於楊國樞等主編,社會及行為科學研究法〈五版〉,頁833-858,臺北:東華。
張以諾
1986 「行政組織中團體盲思現象之研究」,政大公共行政系刊,第21期,頁23-35。
潘明宏、陳志瑋譯〈Nachmias C. & Nachmias D.原著〉
2001 社會科學研究方法,臺北:韋伯文化。
Aldag, R. J. and Fuller, S. R.
1993 “Beyond fiasco: A Reappraisal of the Groupthink Phenomenon and A New Model of Group Decision Processes,” Psychological Bulletin, 113:533-552.
Callaway, M. R. and J. K. Esser
1984 “Groupthink: Effects of Cohesiveness and Problem-Solving Procedures on Group Decision Making,” Social Behavior and Personality, 12:157-164.
Callaway, M. R., R. G. Marriott, and J. K. Esser
1985 “Effects of Dominance on Group Decisions,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49:949-952.
Esser, J. K.
1995 “Groupthink from Pearl Harbor to the Challenger: Failure of Decision-Making Groups,” Distinguished Faculty Lecture, Beaumont, TX: Lamar University.
1998 “Alive and Well After 25 Years A Review of Groupthink Research,” Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73:128-130.
Fodor, E. M., and T. Smith
1982 “The Power Motive as An Influence on Group Decision Making,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42:178-185.
George, A.
1980 Presidential Decisionmaking in Foreign Policy: The Effective Use of Information and Advice. Boulder: Westview.
Hart P. ’t.
1990 Groupthink in Government: A Study of Small Groups and Policy Failure. Amsterdam: Swetz and Zeitlinger.
Herek, G. M., I. L. Janis, and P. Huth
1987 “Decision Making during International Crisis: Is Quality of Process related to Outcome? “Journal of Conflict Resolution, 31:203-226.
Huseman, R. C. and Driver, R. W.
1979 “Groupthink: Implications for Small Group Decision Making in Business,” Readings in Organizational Behavior, pp.100-110, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
James D. F.
1991 “Counterfactuals and Hypothesis Testing in Political Science,” World Politics, 43:169-195.
Janis I. L.
1972 Victims of Groupthink. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1982 Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
1989 Crucial Decisions: Leadership in Policymaking and Crisis Management. New York: Free Press.
Janis I. L., and L. Mann
1977 Decision Making: A Psychological Analysis of Conflict, Choice and Commitment. New York: Free Press.
Leanna, C. R.
1985 “A Partial Test of Janis’s Groupthink Model: Effects of Group Cohesiveness and Leader Behavior on Defective Decisionmaking,” Journal of Management , 11:5-17.
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1996 “Antecedents of Groupthink: A Quantitative Study,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 40:415-435.
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1979 “Identifying Victims of Groupthink from Public Statements of Decision Makers.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37:1314-1324.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
92256013
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0092256013
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 顏良恭zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yen,Liang-kungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 胡文惠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hu,Wen-huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 胡文惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hu,Wen-huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 15:37:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 15:37:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 15:37:43 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0092256013en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35662-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92256013zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 團體盲思是指某一個團體因為具有高度的凝聚力,非常強調團結一致的重要性,因此在討論問題時,壓抑了個人獨立思考及判斷的能力,迫使個人放棄批判及提出不同意見的機會,最後使團體產生錯誤或不當的決策後果。由於該現象可能造成相當大的負面影響,又對照團體盲思之成因有若干因素與我國行政文化相符,究竟我國行政機關是否有團體盲思之現象?本文從Janis提出之團體盲思理論著手,依序探討不同途徑、不同學者對該理論的相關研究─將焦點置於變項的選擇以及變項間的影響關係,進而對照我國行政組織文化的特色,提出本研究之假設。實證部分,本文採調查分析方法,針對我國行政組織中的公務人員進行問卷調查,根據所得資料,運用因素分析、積差相關、典型相關以及變異數分析等統計方法加以分析。研究結果顯示,我國行政機關具有兩種團體盲思之類型,團體盲思型一主要是由指導式領導風格和組織認同,導致資訊處理錯誤之症狀;型二則是因團體凝聚力和指導式領導風格,所產生高估團體道德及權威的情形。兩種類型在團體盲思現象的理論上,皆有可以和國外研究相對照比較之處;在實務上,則希望提供行政機關作為改善決策行為之參考,以避免該現象所帶來的負面效果。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機與目的 1
第二章 團體盲思理論相關文獻檢閱 2
第一節 Janis 的團體盲思理論 3
壹、團體盲思前提 4
貳、團體盲思症狀 9
第二節 學者的後續研究 13
壹、實驗室實驗設計 14
貳、個案分析 17
參、小結 23
第三章 研究假設與研究架構 25
第一節 研究假設 25
第二節 研究架構 29
第三節 樣本分配與信度效度分析 31
第四章 我國行政機關團體盲思現象之分析 35
第一節 團體盲思症狀與其前提條件 35
第二節 我國團體盲思類型 39
第五章 結論 45
第一節 研究發現 45
第二節 後續研究建議 46
參考書目 47
附錄 1 問卷 50
附錄 2 樣本次數分配 51
附錄 3 因素分析 53
附錄 4 基本資料在症狀表現上的檢定 56
附錄 5 團體盲思前提條件、症狀的描述性統計 60
圖次

圖 1 Janis的團體盲思理論架構 13
圖 2 Schafer & Crichlow 的團體盲思理論架構 21
圖 3 Schafer & Crichlow 的另一種團體盲思關係假設 22
圖 4 研究架構 30
圖 5 因素分析後的研究架構 34
圖 6 典型相關型一 40
圖 7 指導式領導風格、組織認同對資訊處理錯誤的影響之變異數
分析圖 41
圖 8 典型相關型二 42
圖 9 團體凝聚力、指導式領導風格對高估團體道德與權威的影響
之變異數分析圖 43

表次

表 1 研究架構中的概念定義 31
表 2 積差相關 38
表 3 指導式領導風格、組織認同對資訊處理錯誤的影響之變異數
分析表 41
表 4 團體凝聚力、指導式領導風格對高估團體道德與權威的影響
之變異數分表 43
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0092256013en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團體盲思zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 行政文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) groupthinken_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) administrative cultureen_US
dc.title (題名) 行政組織中團體盲思現象的初探zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳定zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1997 公共政策辭典,台北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳定,張潤書,陳德禹,賴維堯編著zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000 行政學〈二〉〈修訂四版〉,臺北:空大。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳俊霖zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1998 從組織文化途徑建構企業型政府之研究:以我國政府再造為例,東海大學公共行政學系碩士學位論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林水波zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2004 「從團體盲思解析花蓮縣長補選」,立法院院聞,第32期,頁50-60。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林清山zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1988 多變項分析統計法,頁325-346,臺北:東華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1992 心理與教育統計學,頁338-340,臺北:東華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 金耀基譯〈Fred w. Riggs原著〉zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1992 行政生態學,臺北:臺灣商務。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜占魁zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1982 行政學,臺北:五南。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜占魁zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1991 組織行為與行政管理,臺北:自版。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 馬心韻zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1994 「行政生態的理論與運用─試由雷格斯的生態模型淺析台灣地區的行政文化」,警政學報,第25期,頁165-180。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 徐瑋伶,鄭伯壎zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2002 「組織認同:理論與本質之初步探索分析」,中山管理評論,第十卷第一期,頁48-49。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 郭秋永zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 「邏輯實證論與民主理論:驗證問題的探討」,收錄餘張福建、蘇文流主編,民主理論:古典與現代,頁381,臺北:中研院社科所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 許國進zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2002 從群體迷思現象的觀點來探討國內廠商投資大陸之決策過程—以電器電纜業為例,元智大學工業工程與管理學系碩士學位論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃俊英zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1988 多變量分析,頁189-207,臺北:中華經濟企業研究所。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃立雙zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2003 領導者型態與時間壓力對群體支援系統輔助成效之影響,國立中正大學資訊管理學系碩士學位論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃光志zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001 團隊迷思模型問卷之發展,大葉大學事業經營研究所碩士學位論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 黃光國zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1989 「因素分析」,收錄於楊國樞等主編,社會及行為科學研究法〈五版〉,頁833-858,臺北:東華。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張以諾zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1986 「行政組織中團體盲思現象之研究」,政大公共行政系刊,第21期,頁23-35。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 潘明宏、陳志瑋譯〈Nachmias C. & Nachmias D.原著〉zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2001 社會科學研究方法,臺北:韋伯文化。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aldag, R. J. and Fuller, S. R.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1993 “Beyond fiasco: A Reappraisal of the Groupthink Phenomenon and A New Model of Group Decision Processes,” Psychological Bulletin, 113:533-552.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Callaway, M. R. and J. K. Esserzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1984 “Groupthink: Effects of Cohesiveness and Problem-Solving Procedures on Group Decision Making,” Social Behavior and Personality, 12:157-164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Callaway, M. R., R. G. Marriott, and J. K. Esserzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1985 “Effects of Dominance on Group Decisions,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49:949-952.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Esser, J. K.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1995 “Groupthink from Pearl Harbor to the Challenger: Failure of Decision-Making Groups,” Distinguished Faculty Lecture, Beaumont, TX: Lamar University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1998 “Alive and Well After 25 Years A Review of Groupthink Research,” Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 73:128-130.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fodor, E. M., and T. Smithzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1982 “The Power Motive as An Influence on Group Decision Making,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42:178-185.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) George, A.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1980 Presidential Decisionmaking in Foreign Policy: The Effective Use of Information and Advice. Boulder: Westview.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart P. ’t.zh_TW
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