學術產出-Theses

題名 台商赴海外投資對國內勞動結構與勞動需求的影響之探討
作者 黃啟宏
貢獻者 林祖嘉
Lin,Chu-Chia
黃啟宏
關鍵詞 對外投資
勞動結構
台商
日期 2003
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 15:53:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討對外投資對國內就業與產業的影響,即對外投資是否會造成國內產業空洞化並減少國內就業機會,抑或對外投資只會造成廠商生產型態的重新配置,反而會加速國內產業的升級?本文利用1980至2002之間台灣製造業各類員工雇用的資料為研究對象,專注於產業內就業結構的變化與影響因素。

從製造業的勞力密集、資本密集及技術密集的指標來看,國內製造業生產結構逐漸朝向低勞力密集、高資本密集及高技術密集發展,顯示過去國內產業並沒有空洞化的現象。從國際產業分工的觀點來看,廠商如能透過對外投資來充分運用國際資源,將使本身營運更有彈性,提高在國際上的競爭力,因此對外投資廠商會適度調整國內的生產型態,不但不會有產業空洞化的疑慮,反而能促使產業升級。

本文首先將勞動變動拆解成產業間結構調整的變動和產業內生產型態的變動,結果發現台灣製造業在1987年後,產業內生產型態調整的影響越來越大,且朝向高技術人力密集為主,顯示1987年之後廠商雖然大量進行對外投資,但同時在生產型態也有大幅度的改變。但是單純從勞動結構變動的解析,並不能因此確定對外投資是造成產業內生產型態改變的原因。因此為了進一步了解何種因素造使了產業內生產型態的調整,我們利用成本函數推求出勞動需求函數、勞動比例函數和工資份額函數,首先利用Kmenta-Parks方法來解決迴歸分析所產生自我迴歸與變異數不齊一的問題,最後以SUR法進行迴歸分析。

實證結果發現廠商到海外投資後,雖然使非技術工及體力工的就業機會流失,但對大陸投資也增加了事務工作人員及工程師的就業機會,而對非大陸地區投資更是增加了主管及監督人員、事務工作人員、工程師及技術員的就業機會。顯示海外投資雖然出口就業,但也創造新的就業。因此我們發現廠商到海外投資非但沒有使產業空洞化,反而使廠商更重視研究發展及自我品牌的建立,顯示廠商到海外投資與國內產業升級有相輔相成的效果。另外技術進步也使產業的生產型態改善,造成低技術員工的失業增加,因此將國內低技術員工的失業全歸咎於廠商的對外投資並不正確。所以,討論該不該放行廠商赴海外投資,倒不如應思考如何協助低技術員工能提升技能及順利轉業來得有意義。
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李玉春(1993),《對外投資對我國製造業之影響研究報告》,台灣經濟研究院。
李俊屏(1997),《海外投資對國內勞動需求結構的影響》,私立中國文化大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
吳惠林、辛炳隆(1995),《產業外移對台灣就業市場的影響》,行政院經建會委託中華經濟研究院研究報告。
林祖嘉(1995),「台資企業大陸工廠與台灣母公司之分工與產業升級:電工器材業與製鞋業之比較,饒美蛟主編,《中國人地區的經濟協作─華南與台港、澳產業互動關係》,第10章,頁176-200,廣東出版社,香港。
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高長(2002),「台灣電子業產業兩岸分工與全球佈局策略」,《經濟前瞻》,83,頁74-81。
高長、吳世英、季聲國(1995),《台商與外商在大陸投資經驗之調查研究─以製造業為例》,中華經濟研究院。
陳明璋(1994),「兩岸產業分工的省思」,《台灣經濟研究月刊》,17:2,頁49-55。
陳添枝、陳一萍(1993),「對外投資對台灣產業的影響」,《中華經濟研究院國內經濟研究會系列(八)》,頁495-528。
陳添枝、王文娟、蘇顯揚、劉碧珍(1987),《推動對外投資的政策檢討》,台北:中華經濟研究院。
張靜云(2001),「全球化與台灣勞動受雇結構轉變」,《經濟情勢評論季刊》,6:4。
謝寬裕(1999),「台灣產業外移與產業空洞化之檢驗」,《台北市銀季刊》,頁40-65。
藍科正,吳惠林,林嘉慧(1995),「台灣地區高級人力需求之實證研究」,《人口、就業與福利論文集》,頁107-128。
鐘琴(1992),「從產業競爭角度看兩岸分工前景」,《經濟前瞻》,28,頁106-112。
嚴大宗、李惠琴(1990),《台商大陸投資及其對台灣產業的影響》,中華經濟研究院。
嚴大宗、林昱君、鐘琴(1992),《台商大陸投資及貿易之研究》,中華經濟研究院。
顧瑩華(1998),「對外投資與產業結構調整:台灣電子業的實證研究」,《經濟論文叢刊》,26:4,頁459-486。
顧瑩華(2002),「對外投資對台灣就業的影響」,《經濟前瞻》,82,頁63-66。
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
經濟研究所
90258009
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090258009
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林祖嘉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin,Chu-Chiaen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃啟宏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃啟宏zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 15:53:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 15:53:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 15:53:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090258009en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35735-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 經濟研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90258009zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討對外投資對國內就業與產業的影響,即對外投資是否會造成國內產業空洞化並減少國內就業機會,抑或對外投資只會造成廠商生產型態的重新配置,反而會加速國內產業的升級?本文利用1980至2002之間台灣製造業各類員工雇用的資料為研究對象,專注於產業內就業結構的變化與影響因素。

從製造業的勞力密集、資本密集及技術密集的指標來看,國內製造業生產結構逐漸朝向低勞力密集、高資本密集及高技術密集發展,顯示過去國內產業並沒有空洞化的現象。從國際產業分工的觀點來看,廠商如能透過對外投資來充分運用國際資源,將使本身營運更有彈性,提高在國際上的競爭力,因此對外投資廠商會適度調整國內的生產型態,不但不會有產業空洞化的疑慮,反而能促使產業升級。

本文首先將勞動變動拆解成產業間結構調整的變動和產業內生產型態的變動,結果發現台灣製造業在1987年後,產業內生產型態調整的影響越來越大,且朝向高技術人力密集為主,顯示1987年之後廠商雖然大量進行對外投資,但同時在生產型態也有大幅度的改變。但是單純從勞動結構變動的解析,並不能因此確定對外投資是造成產業內生產型態改變的原因。因此為了進一步了解何種因素造使了產業內生產型態的調整,我們利用成本函數推求出勞動需求函數、勞動比例函數和工資份額函數,首先利用Kmenta-Parks方法來解決迴歸分析所產生自我迴歸與變異數不齊一的問題,最後以SUR法進行迴歸分析。

實證結果發現廠商到海外投資後,雖然使非技術工及體力工的就業機會流失,但對大陸投資也增加了事務工作人員及工程師的就業機會,而對非大陸地區投資更是增加了主管及監督人員、事務工作人員、工程師及技術員的就業機會。顯示海外投資雖然出口就業,但也創造新的就業。因此我們發現廠商到海外投資非但沒有使產業空洞化,反而使廠商更重視研究發展及自我品牌的建立,顯示廠商到海外投資與國內產業升級有相輔相成的效果。另外技術進步也使產業的生產型態改善,造成低技術員工的失業增加,因此將國內低技術員工的失業全歸咎於廠商的對外投資並不正確。所以,討論該不該放行廠商赴海外投資,倒不如應思考如何協助低技術員工能提升技能及順利轉業來得有意義。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論........................1
第一節 研究背景與目的...................1
第二節 研究方法......................2
第三節 論文架構......................3
第二章 對外投資文獻回顧..................4
第一節 對外投資理論....................4
第二節 對外投資對母國就業影響的實證文獻..........6
第三章 台灣製造業對外投資現況與影響............13
第一節 台灣製造業對外投資趨勢...............13
第二節 對外投資類型與分析.................17
第三節 對外投資、產業升級與產業空洞化...........20
第四章 台灣製造業勞動結構的變動與分析...........26
第一節 台灣製造業勞動結構的變動..............26
第二節 台灣製造業勞動結構變動之解析............30
第三節 本章小結......................33
第五章 對外投資與勞動結構變動對勞動需求影響的理論分析...37
第一節 勞動需求的理論模型.................37
第二節 勞動需求的實證模型.................39
第三節 實證方法......................41
第四節 變數預期影響效果..................44
第六章 對外投資與勞動結構變動對勞動需求影響的實證分析...46
第一節 變數的來源與說明..................46
第二節 實證結果分析....................55
第三節 本章小結......................59
第七章 結論........................64
附錄1 勞動定義及說明....................66
附表A 原始資料的OLS迴歸結果 ................68
附表B 原始資料消除自我迴歸後之迴歸結果...........72
參考文獻 ..........................76
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090258009en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 對外投資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 勞動結構zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台商zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 台商赴海外投資對國內勞動結構與勞動需求的影響之探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分:zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李玉春(1993),《對外投資對我國製造業之影響研究報告》,台灣經濟研究院。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李俊屏(1997),《海外投資對國內勞動需求結構的影響》,私立中國文化大學經濟研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 吳惠林、辛炳隆(1995),《產業外移對台灣就業市場的影響》,行政院經建會委託中華經濟研究院研究報告。zh_TW
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